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World war 1
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La lettre des 13 parlementaires ou lettre de 52 pages

En ce jour anniversaire, nous voudrions remonter à la création du parti et évoquer le document fondateur de l’UDPS : la lettre ouverte écrite au Président Mobutu par un groupe de parlementaires en date du 1er novembre 1980. Ce document est connu sous le nom de « lettre des 13 Parlementaires » ou « lettre de 52 pages ». Cette lettre est restée longtemps inédite. Sous la Deuxième République, on se la passait sous le manteau.

Les circonstances de la rédaction de cette lettre font penser à celles du Manifeste de Conscience Africaine. Le secret a été entretenu par un tout petit groupe. Il faut dire que l’un des promoteurs, Joseph Ngalula, avait collaboré à l’élaboration du Manifeste en 1956. Cette lettre ouverte a été initiée dans la clandestinité par Joseph Ngalula Mpandajila, Protais Lumbu Maloba Ndoba et François Lusanga Ngiele. Ils se réunissaient dans une menuiserie appartenant à Joseph Ngalula, située sur l’avenue du Commerce à Kinshasa-Gombe. La marque du Professeur Dikonda wa Lumanisha – qui ne faisait pourtant pas partie du Conseil Législatif (le Parlement d’alors) – est perceptible pour les professeurs, auditeurs obligés de la 7ème session spéciale de l’Institut Makanda Kabobi début janvier 1980. Dikonda ne cessait de répéter une formule-choc : « On entre compétent dans les structures du M.P.R., mais l’on en sort incompétent ». Cette formule est reprise dans la lettre des Treize.

A ce groupe se sont joints Etienne Tshisekedi wa Mulumba et Anaclet Makanda Mpinga Shambuyi, invités par Ngalula. Le document finalisé a été présenté aux collègues parlementaires susceptibles de le signer. Certains ont refusé à cause de la peur de la répression. Lorsque le document a été saisi par les Services de la Sécurité, il portait alors la signature de 13 parlementaires. Il s’agissait de : •

Quatre Commissaires du Peuple du Kasaï Oriental - KANANA Tshiongo a Minanga Walter Isidore (Mbuji-Mayi) - MAKANDA Mpinga Shambuyi Anaclet (Mbuji-Mayi) - NGALULA Mpandanjila Joseph (Kabinda) - TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba Etienne (Kabinda) •

Quatre Commissaires du Peuple du Kasaï Occidental - KAPITA Shabangi Paul Gabriel (Kasaï) - KASALA Kalamba ka Bundi Célestin (Kasaï) - MBOMBO Lona Kumpanya Symphorien (Kasaï) - NGOYI Mukendi Edmond (Kananga) •

Trois Commissaires du Peuple du Shaba (Katanga) - KYUNGU wa Kumwanza Antoine Gabriel (Lubumbashi) - LUMBU Maloba Ndoba Protais (Tanganyika) - LUSANGA Ngiele (Likasi) •

Un Commissaire du Peuple du Bandundu - DIA Oken-a-Mbel Charles •

Un Commissaire du Peuple du Kivu - BIRINGANINE Mugaruga Gabriel (Sud-Kivu)



http://www.lepotentiel.com/afficher_article.php?id_edition=&id_article=41421
PROFESSEUR J.M.K. MUTAMBA MAKOMBO Université de Kinshasa

Katanga

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The untold story of UN betrayal (Katanga)
Here is the complete film (60 minutes)
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6018322738378856681

It is highly unfortunate that the History of Congo does not attract posters' attention but at the same time it might be indicative of a huge lack of knowledge of the subject.

Why is that ?
is it kind of secret territory that common people cannot discuss ?
is it a lack of (genuine) sources ?
is it laziness or apathy or convenient passivity ?
is it the demonstration that the emergence of analytical thinking and/or comparative study are not desirable ?
is it that (Congolese) historians would be called traitors if their writings would question the usual understanding: we are the good ones, the others are the bad ones ?
is it that the brainwashed version of patriotism does not accept anything else that the implanted glorification of the native ?

Unless proven wrong, there are always three sides to a story, the A side, the B side and somewhere between A and B, the Historical Truth.

If one happens to be a fan of A or B it is obvious that he will see no interest in partaking in a civil comparison of sides and the subsequent conclusion that nor A nor B are the truth.

Nobody interested ?

The major part of African story was written by Europeans and for obscurs reasons, some of our brothers prefer the western version than the african version. And what is extrem is when you have people thinking we were nothing until the colons discover our continent.

We were organized, everyone had a role in the society, we had our beliefs, we respect our ancestors and we knew the existence of God. We had all that.

Until the lion tells his side of the story, the tale of the hunt will always glorify the hunter.


is it kind of secret territory that common people cannot discuss ?

How many know the history of their ancestors ( family members)? there is no transfer of the family history and another factor is the education ( the reform is needed)

is it a lack of (genuine) sources ?

L'histoire genarale du Congo by Isidore Ndaywel è Nziem is the bible, this manual should be in every single school in Congo. And there is a lot of interesting books written by Congolese, if you want to know, you will find them . Maybe it's just because we don't like to read.

is it the demonstration that the emergence of analytical thinking and/or comparative study are not desirable ?


We prefer myths, we are smart, we are powerfull, rich, everybody envy us etc ( futilities), if I accept the comparison it means that somebody can be better than me.and I don't want that. The True is too difficult to deal with....

is it that (Congolese) historians would be called traitors if their writings would question the usual understanding: we are the good ones, the others are the bad ones ?


I have in memory a debate on the first French public channel of Belgium between Elykia Mbokolo (historian) and the comedian Pie Tshibanda regarding Congo in general and they talked about MLC (milices what they did). You could appreciate the view of an historian based on facts , they were there to interview the victims and you had also the veiw of someone who doesn't have a direct contcat with those victims in the forest but who support and deny what others saw and all that based on his moral (good sens)

A pleasure to exchange Karavia,

The major part of African story was written by Europeans and for obscurs reasons, some of our brothers prefer the Western version...
True writing (the representation of a language in writing) in the "Western" world finds its origin in Sumer (Mesopotamia, present day Iraq) more than 3,000 years before the Christian era. Greeks and later Romans diffused it westward and we might understand that when Central Africa was first visited, the "Europeans" of the time had already an extended library and real writing skills, unlike the local populations.
So, obviously, all written sources prior to the mid-20th Century are
Western.
If an African historian wants to dig into his country's history (other than recent) he will find the material in a European library.
There is no African version available.

Until the lion tells his side of the story, the tale of the hunt will always glorify the hunter.
History is not fiction and an Historian (a real one) has no nationality.
He does not take sides and does not judge, his work is to research and study and the results of his findings will contribute to build up the History, not a story. :angel:

is it kind of secret territory ...> ( the reform is needed)
Reform is absolutely needed...not only in the DRC.
Is it surprising that countries with the loudest calls for "patriotism" and the glorification/fabrication of heroes have the worst (hi)story books ?

is it a lack of (genuine) sources ?L'histoire genarale du Congo by Isidore Ndaywel è Nziem is the bible, this manual should be in every single school in Congo.
This brick is certainly a valuable contribution to a good understanding of Congo's History but I would not call it the Bible. Some chapters are really first class, probably even the best ever published on specific (ancient) subjects, and it would be one of the books that could be used as a basis for a comparative study and further comprehensive History....that could give birth to schoolbook versions.
But that is for a distant future, there are still to many ghosts in the cabinets.

Maybe it's just because we don't like to read.
The pleasure of reading and learning is not given at birth, it is for most of us, one of the products of an education.
For lots of young people it has been been advantageously replaced by You Tube videos, a website and a forum or two.:ohno:

is it the demonstration that the emergence of analytical thinking and/or comparative study are not desirable ?
We prefer myths, we are smart, we are powerfull, rich, everybody envy us etc ( futilities), if I accept the comparison it means that somebody can be better than me.and I don't want that. The True is too difficult to deal with....
That could have been written by an American...:lol:

is it that (Congolese) historians would be called traitors if their writings would question the usual understanding: we are the good ones, the others are the bad ones ?Being a freak in history for many many years I can tell that this is the greatest obstacle to the surfacing of the Truth.
Can a Serb Historian write freely about the recent history of Serbia ? or a Greek about modern Greece ? or a Chinese, or a Rwandan, or an Ethiopian, a Russian, etc, etc...? well, he can try but he better signs a good life insurance beforehand because all hell will break loose.

My pleasure Iakobos!

Can a Serb Historian write freely about the recent history of Serbia ? or a Greek about modern Greece ? or a Chinese, or a Rwandan, or an Ethiopian, a Russian, etc, etc...? well, he can try but he better signs a good life insurance beforehand because all hell will break loose.

Are we (Congolese) ready for that?? I don't think, it's too early , there is too much passion. In my opinion, the first step is : to appropriate our past ( before the recent events 2000)

This brick is certainly a valuable contribution to a good understanding of Congo's History but I would not call it the Bible.


It's a good basis like a bible (with all the allegorical tales) to go in depth, you need other supports and be open minded

The pleasure of reading and learning is not given at birth, it is for most of us, one of the products of an education

Kids are raised by the computers

I already mentioned this link in another (sleeping) thread but "history" is more appropriate.

http://www.congoforum.be/upldocs/189...%20Lemaire.pdf

Iakobos, the link doesn't work

http://www.congoforum.be/upldocs/1895%20Au%20Congo%20Lemaire.pdf

A dessein je ne fais pas le lien, copy & paste donc, si ça ne marche pas, entrez
1895 Lemaire
dans la fenêtre de recherche de congoforum.be

Je crois que ça en vaut vraiment la peine.

Un autre document captivant, An African Adventure de Isaac Marcosson, publié en 1921.
http://www.freefictionbooks.org/books/a/18120-an-african-adventure-by-isaac-frederick-marcosson?start=124
En bas de page vous verrez l'index des chapitres. Si seul le Congo vous intéresse, commencez au chapitre 60.

Le même sous une forme plus lisible

http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?pageno=139&fk_files=777953

Les oubliés de l'histoire du Congo: Paul Panda Farnana

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http://www.paulpanda.org/

Katanga

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A history lesson, American style: black vs. white, good guys vs. bad guys, communists vs. freedom fighters; there is no room left for complex realities – simply laughable.

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Les oubliés de l'histoire du Congo: Paul Panda Farnana

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http://www.paulpanda.org/

Very informative report. Paul P. Farnana’s biography disproves the popular legend according to which Thomas Kanza was the first Congolese ever to graduate from an institution of higher education during the colonial period.

Very informative report. Paul P. Farnana’s biography disproves the popular legend according to which Thomas Kanza was the first Congolese ever to graduate from an institution of higher education during the colonial period.

Yes indeed! And today in Belgium we have the chance to have a library ( Paul Farnana) dedicated to Congelese litteratur done by us. Kudos to the ambassador Henri Mova Sakanyi!

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Yes indeed! And today in Belgium we have the chance to have a library ( Paul Farnana) dedicated to Congelese litteratur done by us. Kudos to the ambassador Henri Mova Sakanyi!

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Ambassador Henri Mova is a big asset to the country; he deserves the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. None of his predecessors ever did what he is doing in terms of polishing up the country’s image abroad.

Ambassador Henri Mova is a big asset to the country; he deserves the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. None of his predecessors ever did what he is doing in terms of polishing up the country’s image abroad.

I totally agree, that is was long overdue! :applause:

This is an amazing documentary, please take a minute:

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Thanks Karavia for posting this amazing documentary. It bears testimony to the fact that Mobutu himself was instrumental in the downfall of his regime, for he was informed by courageous soldiers of the slow and lingering demise of the army and decided not to take any action to stop the descent into hell.

Very interesting ....Thanks Karavia.

Le laboratoire de Stanleyville & le camp Lindi

Fabrication de vaccin à partir de cellule de chimpanzé

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Notre histoire..... Nous avons mal commencé, est ce une fatalité? Non, certainement pas!

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Nous approchons d'une date importante dans l'histoire de notre jeune pays (1 juin )mais qui malheureusement comme d'autres restent inconnues du grand public et pourtant ces événements ne sont pas si lointains...Le nom complet du stade des martyrs est stade des martyrs de la Pentecôte.

Ainsi, sept mois après sa prise du pouvoir, Mobutu qui tient à marquer son territoire et à prendre ses mar*ques, va planter les décors d’un pou*voir fort : un pouvoir marqué du sceau des préceptes de Machiavel : « un chef doit chercher à être craint, qu’à être aimé ». Dans un scénario imaginé avec un cynisme artistiquement diabolique, Mobutu va tendre un piège à quelques acteurs politiques qui seront accusés de fomenter un coup d’Etat et pendus en public.

Les 4 pendus sont:

Jérôme Anany, mi*nistre de la Défense dans le gouvernement;
Emmanuel Bamba, sénateur et dignitaire de l'église kimbanguiste ;
Évariste Kimba, premier ministre jusqu'en novembre 1965 ;
Alexandre Mahamba, ministre des Affaires foncières.


Dans cette vidéo, Tshisekedi défend la pendaison de ces 3 ministres et un sénateur.

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Qui étaient ces hommes?

Emmanuel Bamba

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Que doit-on retenir de prime abord ? Qui tue par l’épée, périra par l’épée ; qui conquiert le pouvoir par un coup d’Etat, le quittera par un coup d’Etat. Qui a bu, boira ; qui a été nourri à la mamelle de la dictature, continuera à se comporter en dictateur, même caché sous un manteau de démocrate…

A Boma, la première voiture du Congo.

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