what are your Country's biggest contribution to the human civilization

[km-sh]

China's 4 greatest inventions

Paper
typography
powder
compass
:)

[Jury]

Australia

Gold
Heaps of new medical breakthroughs
Kylie
Actors like; Russel Crowe, Nicole Kidman, Mel Gibson, Kate Blanchet and many more
other things i cant think of hha

[nick_taylor]

Most important contributions to human civillisation:
- Modern political ideology
- Industrialisation
- Globalisation
- Greatest prolonged democratic and economic contribution after the diffusion of the Empire (eg largest democracy on the planet: India, etc)
- English: the world's first trully global language
- London: the city of cities

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer
- www.
- Jet engine
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces
- Flushing toilet
- Cement
- Cloning
- CAT scan

[Craig]

Thats a pretty comprehensive and I'd say hard to beat list there nick-taylor - brings a lump to my throat

[bnmaddict]

France's biggest contribution to the human civilization:
- The universal declaration of Human rights
- Photography (Niepce was French)
- Cinema (The Lumière brothers was Fench)
- Color photography (Lumière brothers)
- Reinforced concrete
- Prestressed concrete

Other invention:
- Braille (Louis braille invented braille printing for the blinds)
- Altimeter
- Pencils (Conté was French)
- Bic pencil (Baron Bic)
- Scuba equipment (Cousteau was French)
- Stethoscope (Laennec)
- Electroscope
- Digital calculator (Blaise Pascal invented the concept)
- Bikini (perhaps one of the most important invention of this list)
- Parachutes (First real parachute as Da Vinci's one was just a drawing)
- Neon lights (Georges Claude)
- Helicopters (Paul Cornu)
- Blood transfusion (Jean-Baptiste Denys)
- Fire extinguisher (Hoppfer)
- Hot air baloon (Montgolfier brothers)
- Sewing machines (Thimmonier)
- Pasteurisation for food conservation (Pasteur)
- Bicycles (Michaux 1860)
- Various discoveries relative to the atom and radioactivity (Curie's family)

(- Diesel engine, invented by a GERMAN born in France and who lived in Paris :) )

[rocky]

french kiss

[Macca-GC]

Australia's biggest contribution is a difference.

We're yobbs. We see Americans as stuck-up and Europe as old-school.

But, while being yobbs, we do not swoop to the level of the American hippie. We are laxy, but more like a greek lazy. We'll do it when the shit's about to hit the fan. Maybe that's because Melbourne is the biggest Greek population outside of Greece.

[earthJoker]

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer
- www.
- Jet engine
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces
- Flushing toilet
- Cement
- Cloning
- CAT scan
If that should be england, the list ist defenitly flawed (I don't say everythink is wrong but there are some major mistakes).

[Jury]

^ lol yea, computer and www. is wrong for sure!

many are wrong, also 1 thing im sure of, hovercraft is japanise

[Jury]

Yugoslavia - Serbia is the most important country - its man - NIKOLA TESLA invented electricity, and also x-rays, & just before dying worked on wireless electicity transmission & a "death ray" . He's also the person that developed the radar! Oh and the RADIO!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla

"Nikola Tesla is the true unsung prophet of the electric age; without whom our radio, auto ignition, telephone, alternating current power generation and transmission, radio and television would all have been impossible."

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/50/Nikola_Tesla.jpg

http://www.teslasociety.com/pictures/plaque.jpg

http://www.teslasociety.com/teslamoney2.jpg

http://www.teslasociety.com/teslaunit3.jpg

http://www.teslasociety.com/


Nikola Tesla



Nikola Tesla was one of the most important engineers of his time. Although he never received a university degree, he was one of the pioneers of radio, took some of the first X-ray photographs, constructed the first radio-controlled robots, and built the first AC power system. And yet, for all this, why is Tesla not remembered as a great engineer like his contemporaries Edison and Marconi? Why has Tesla's name become associated with pseudo-science, his work the province of bizarre cults and conspiracy theories1? Why has Tesla's contribution to science been marginalised by orthodox history?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A486182


Inventions: a telephone repeater, rotating magnetic field principle, polyphase alternating-current system, induction motor, alternating-current power transmission, Tesla coil transformer, wireless communication, radio, fluorescent lights, and more than 700 other patents.

[Monkey]

^ lol yea, computer and www. is wrong for sure!


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners_Lee

Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, KBE, (TimBL or TBL) (b. June 8, 1955) is the inventor of the World Wide Web (along with Robert Cailliau) and head of the World Wide Web Consortium, which oversees its continued development.

Berners-Lee was born in London, England, and attended Emanuel School in Wandsworth.

[Monkey]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage

Charles Babbage (December 26, 1791 – October 18, 1871) was an English mathematician, analytical philosopher and (proto-) computer scientist who was the first person to come up with the idea of a programmable computer. Parts of his uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum. In 1991, working from Babbage's original plans, a Difference Engine was completed, and functioned perfectly. They were built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, indicating that Babbage's machine would have worked.

[Jonesy55]

1 thing im sure of, hovercraft is japanise

About as Japanese as Cornish Pasties!

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhovercraft.htm

[wickedestcity]

Toadman
Australia's biggest contribution is a difference.

We're yobbs. We see Americans as stuck-up and Europe as old-school.

But, while being yobbs, we do not swoop to the level of the American hippie. We are laxy, but more like a greek lazy. We'll do it when the shit's about to hit the fan. Maybe that's because Melbourne is the biggest Greek population outside of Greece

Yobbo:
1-An Australian lout, the close cousin of the bogan. Much like American white trash or lummox. Their habitats usually are with female yobbos, known as Shelias and large canines usually a bull terrier breed. Often has autmated transport of a ute kind
2-A loud, inconsiderate person, usually found in groups for self preservation. Sometimes prone to violence,always found with beer and cheap smokes. Usually smell.
The "hill" at any football match of any code is the usual haunt of the Yobbo.
3-A yobbo is someone with a bush australian back groud and bad tast. Or from a poorer white australian background.
a yobbo is steve erwin(the shorts give it away!)or slim dusty.


lol doesent sound like somthing to be proud of man!

[BenJoiNO]

Brazil:

Airplane
Music

[Sexas]

China's 4 greatest inventions

Paper
typography
powder
compass
:)

You forgot Paper Books, Ink, Firework, Spaghetti(noodle), Medicine, Silk, Planetarium, Iron Casting, Paper Currency, Mapping and Ketchup....

As for USA ....list too long. big thing like Light Bulb, Telegraph, Commercially Sugar Making, Computer...O yea and Airplane too.
small things like Adhesive Type, Bar Code, Jeans, Bubble Gum, Cash Register, Cellular Phone, Coca-Cola, Crayons, Dishwasher, Escalator, Fountain Pen, Bifocal, Sawing Machines, Microwave, Pantyhose, Typewriter, Smoke Alarm, Teabag, Windshield Wiper, Xerography, Zipper....

[Jonesy55]

As for USA... Teabag,

You invented the teabag? and you don't even drink much tea. We missed out on that one, should've been us :no:

[Sexas]

Brazil:

Airplane
Music

Airplane from Brazil? Everybody know airplane was invented 1903 by Wright Brothers in North Carolina.

[Sexas]

You invented the teabag? and you don't even drink much tea. We missed out on that one, should've been us :no:

Yap, Tea bags were invented by Thomas Sullivan around 1908. The first bags were made from silk. Sullivan was a tea and coffee merchant in New York who began packaging tea sample in tiny silk bags, but many customers brewed the tea in them (the tea-filled bag was placed directly into the boiling water where the tea brewed, instead of the traditional way of brewing loose tea in a teapot). Later tea bags were made of thin paper.

[Skybean]

5 Pin Bowling ...a truly Canadian sport invented by T.E. Ryan of Toronto in 1909

Able Walker ...the walker was patented by Norm Rolston in 1986

Access Bar ...patented food bar designed to help burn fat by Dr Larry Wang

Air-Conditioned Railway Coach ...invented by Henry Ruttan in 1858

Abdominizer ...the infomercial exercise darling invented by Dennis Colonello in 1984

AC Radio Tube ..invented by Edward Samuels Rogers in 1925

Acetylene ...Thomas L. Wilson invented the production process in 1892

Acetylene Buoy ...invented by Thomas L. Wilson in 1904

Agrifoam Crop Cold Protector ...co-invented in 1967 by D. Siminovitch & J. W. Butler

Analytical Plotter ...a 3d map making system invented by Uno Vilho Helava in 1957

Andromonon ...a 3 wheeled vehicle invented in 1851 by Thomas Turnbull

Anti-Gravity Suit ...invented by Wilbur Rounding Franks in 1941, a suit for high altitude jet pilots

Automatic Foghorn ...the first steam foghorn was invented by Robert Foulis in 1859

Automatic Machinery Lubricator ...one of the many inventions invented by Elijah McCoy, the "Real McCoy"

Automatic Postal Sorter ...in 1957, Maurice Levy invented a postal sorter that could handle 200,000 letters an hour

Basketball ...invented by James Naismith in 1891

Bone Marrow Compatibility Test ...invented by Barbara Bain in 1960

Bromine ...a process to extract was invented by Herbert Henry Dow in 1890

Calcium Carbide ...in 1892, Thomas Leopold Willson invented a process for Calcium Carbide

Canada Dry Ginger Ale ...invented in 1907 by John A. McLaughlin

Chocolate Nut Bar ...Arthur Ganong made the first nickel bar in 1910

Computerized Braille ...invented by Roland Galarneau in 1972

Creed Telegraph System ..in 1900, Fredrick Creed invented a way to convert Morse Code to text

Compound Steam Engine ...invented by Benjamin Franklin Tibbetts in 1842

CPR Mannequin ...invented by Dianne Croteau in 1989.

Electric Car Heater ...Thomas Ahearn invented the first electric car heater in 1890

Electric Cooking Range ...Thomas Ahearn invented the first in 1882

Electric Light Bulb ...Henry Woodward invented the electric light bulb in 1874 and sold the patent to Thomas Edison

Electron Microscope ...Eli Franklin Burton, Cecil Hall, James Hillier, Albert Prebus co-invented the electron microscope in 1937

Electric Organ ...Morse Robb of Belleville, Ontario, patented the world's first electric organ in 1928

Electric Streetcar - Invented by John Joseph Wright in 1883

Fathometer ...An early form of sonar invented by Reginald A. Fessenden in 1919

Film Colourization ...invented by Wilson Markle in 1983

Garbage Bag ...(polyethylene) invented by Harry Wasylyk in 1950

Goalie Mask ...invented by Jaques Plante in 1960

Gramophone ...co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell & Emile Berliner in 1889

Green Ink ...currency or greenbacks ink invented by Thomas Sterry Hunt in 1862

Half-tone Engraving ...co-invented by Georges Edouard Desbarats & William Augustus Leggo in 1869

Heart Pacemaker ...invented by Dr. John A. Hopps in 1950

Hydrofoil Boats ...co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell, & Casey Baldwin in 1908

IMax Movie System ...co-invented in 1968 by Grahame Ferguson, Roman Kroitor and Robert Kerr

Instant Mashed Potatoes ...dehydrated potato flakes were invented by Edward A. Asselbergs, in 1962

Insulin Process ...Fredrick Banting, J. J. Macleod, Charles Best and Collip invented the process for insulin in 1922

JAVA ...a programming language invented by James Gosling in 1994

Jetliner ...the first jetliner was designed by James Floyd in 1949

Jolly Jumper ...a baby's delight invented by Olivia Poole in 1959

Kerosene ...invented by Doctor Abraham Gesner in 1846

Lawn Sprinkler ...another invention made by the Real McCoy

Light Bulb Leads ..leads made of nickel & iron alloy were invented by Reginald A. Fessenden in 1892

Marquis Wheat ...invented by Sir Charles E. Saunders in 1908

Mcintosh Apple ...invented by John McIntosh in 1796

Music Synthesizer ...invented by Hugh Le Caine in 1945

Newsprint ...invented by Charles Fenerty in 1838

Odometer ...invented by Samuel McKeen in 1854

Paint Roller ...invented by Norman Breakey of Toronto in 1940

Plexiglas ...(Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate) invented by William Chalmers in 1931

Polypump Liquid Dispenser ...Harold Humphrey made pumpable liquid hand soap possible in 1972

Portable Film Developing System ...invented by Arthur Williams McCurdy in 1890, but he foolishly sold the patent to George Eastman in 1903

Potato Digger ...invented by Alexander Anderson in 1856

Process to Extract Helium from Natural Gas ...invented by Sir John Cunningham McLennan in 1915

Prosthetic Hand ...an electric prosthetic invented by Helmut Lucas in 1971

Quartz Clock ...Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock

R-Theta Navigation System ...invented by J.E.G. Wright in 1958

Radio-Transmitted Voice ...invented by Reginald A. Fessenden in 1904

Railway Car Brake ...invented by George B. Dorey in 1913

Railway Sleeper Car ...invented by Samuel Sharp in 1857

Robertson Screw ...invented by Peter L. Robertson in 1908

Rotary Blow Molding Machine ...this plastic bottle maker was invented by Gustave Côté in 1966

Rotary Railroad Snowplow ...invented by J.E. Elliott in 1869

Rubber Shoe Heels ...Elijah McCoy patented an important iimprovement to rubber heels in 1879

Safety Paint ...a high reflectivity paint invented by Neil Harpham in 1974

Screw Propeller ...a ship's propeller invented by John Patch in 1833

Silicon Chip Blood Analyzer ...invented by Imants Lauks in 1986

SlickLicker ...made for cleaning oil spills, patented by Richard Sewell in 1970

Snowblower ...invented by Arthur Sicard in 1925

Snowmobile ...invented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier in 1922

Standard Time ...invented by Sir Sanford Fleming in 1878

Stereo-orthography Map Making System ...invented by T.J. Blachut, Stanley Collins in 1965

Superphosphate Fertilizer ...invented by Thomas L. Wilson in 1896

Synthetic Sucrose ...invented by Dr. Raymond Lemieux in 1953

Television ...Reginald A. Fessenden patented a television system in 1927

Television Camera ...invented by F. C. P. Henroteau in 1934

Telephone ..invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876

Telephone Handset ...invented by Cyril Duquet in 1878

Tone-to-Pulse Converter ...invented by Michael Cowpland in 1974

Trivial Pursuit ...invented on December 15, 1979 by Chris Haney and Scott Abbott

Tuck-Away-Handle Beer Carton ...invented by Steve Pasjac in 1957

Undersea Telegraph Cable ...invented by Fredrick Newton Gisborne in 1857

UV-degradable Plastics ...invented by Dr. James Guillet in 1971

Variable Pitch Aircraft Propeller ...invented by Walter Rupert Turnbull in 1922

Walkie-Talkie ...invented by Donald L. Hings in 1942

Wireless Radio ...invented by Reginald A. Fessenden in 1900

Wirephoto ...Edward Samuels Rogers invented the first in 1925

Zipper ...invented by Gideon Sundback in 1913

[Monkey]

http://www2.britishembassy.dk/?id=157

"A study by Japan's equivalent of the Department of Trade and Industry concluded that 54% of the world's most important inventions over the past 100 years were British. Of the rest, 25% were American and 5% Japanese.

According to Japanese research figures, of all the patents granted throughout the world for new inventions in the last 50 years, 40% have been to inventors from the British Isles alone, and the trend continues..."

[Sexas]

Electric Light Bulb ...Henry Woodward invented the electric light bulb in 1874 and sold the patent to Thomas Edison

So who really invented the light bulb?? I think the light bulb by Woodward don't count, since it's only experimented, but I know you don't agree that.

[willo]

spain:

-discoverment of america
-helicopter
-submarine
-chupa chups (if you don't no what it is look at the picture below)
http://tunafish.hp.infoseek.co.jp/ChupaChups4.jpg
http://www.oldtimecandy.com/images/candypix-pages/chupa-chups1_small.jpg
http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~alexgw/Italy/preview/chupa_chups_dispenser.jpg
-kitchen-maid,malkin
-spanish arts (gaudí,cervantes,picasso...)

[DoctorZero2]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage

Charles Babbage (December 26, 1791 – October 18, 1871) was an English mathematician, analytical philosopher and (proto-) computer scientist who was the first person to come up with the idea of a programmable computer. Parts of his uncompleted mechanisms are on display in the London Science Museum. In 1991, working from Babbage's original plans, a Difference Engine was completed, and functioned perfectly. They were built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, indicating that Babbage's machine would have worked.
It is true what you write, but the computer in the modern sense of the word, i.e. a machine that can be programmed to execute *any* algorithm is an invention of Konrad Zuse. His company manufactured several working machines during WW2 in Berlin, don't know the year. All previously built or semi-built machines were specialized calculators which could only execute a restricted range of algorithms.
The first computer using the now common von-Neumann architecture was built in the USA, I think in the fifties.

[Æsahættr]

Ehh... Flourecent Lights

[Jonesy55]

I see that France and Spain are both claiming the Helicopter, who's right? Or is it like many other inventions like Computers or the Radio where several distinct steps were needed to get to where we are today and it's difficult to say who was more important?

btw Didn't Leonardo Da Vinci invent the Helicopter? ;)

[Küsel]

- Internet (CERN, Geneva)
- Enlightment and Reformation (Calvin, Rousseau, Zwingli...)
- Modern pedagogy (Pestalozzi)
- Swiss Army knife
- Modern Democracy (to be discussed :))
- Neutrality
- The Red Cross (Henry Dunant)
- Dadaism
- Closomat ;)

And not to forget the works Einstein did here before emigrating to the US...
NOT the coocook's clock! :)

About the Airplain: yes, Brazil - sorry! Santos Dumont was making his experiments earlier than the Bros Wright but didn't get the "price" from the international scientific society because of disputes. Til now he's not accepted to having invented the Airplane unfortunatly... :(

[Küsel]

btw Didn't Leonardo Da Vinci invent the Helicopter? ;)
Exactly! And the parachute...

[bnmaddict]

I see that France and Spain are both claiming the Helicopter, who's right? Or is it like many other inventions like Computers or the Radio where several distinct steps were needed to get to where we are today and it's difficult to say who was more important?

btw Didn't Leonardo Da Vinci invent the Helicopter? ;)

Most of modern inventions can be claimed by several countries, but the first piloted helicopter was invented and built by a French, Paul Cornu:

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhelicoptor.htm

You know, being the first to imagine something is not like actually building it...

The best exemple is Denis Papin, a French who imagined the steam engine, wrote down all the theory in 1687, and eleven years later, a British called Savery built it and is know considered the inventor of the steam engine... at least by the Brits :)
Here's a little biography of this great man: Papin (http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Papin.html)

Another exemple is the automobile, always considered an invention of Daimler, a German, but Cugnot, another French built the very first steam propeled automobile in 1770...

Some other French invention I can add to my previous list:

Relative to medicine:
- Rage vaccination (Pasteur)
- BCG vaccination (Calmette-Guerrin) against tuberulosis
- Hepathite B vaccination (Maupas)
- leishmaniasis vaccination (Monjour)

In science:
- Artificial radioactivity (Joliot-Curie -> Nobel prize)

In technology:
- Combustion engine (Lenoir, Belgian born inventor who lived and worked in France)
- Steamboat (Claude Fr. Jouffroy d'Abbans 1783)
- Aerial telegraphy (Claude Chappe 1794)
- Smart card (Roland Moreno 1974): you know, the little chipset on your Visa or Mastercard credit card, in your cellphone and soon in your passport

Cool thread! :)

[JARdan]

LOL Skybean, I saw that EXACT list you copied from a site. You should have just put the main significant Canadian inventions, ie: (sorry if I repeat)
-Basketball
-Lacrosse
-Hockey (as we play it today)
-Baseball
-Red Rose Tea :)
-Panoramic Pictures and Camera
-AM Radio
-IMAX Projector and System
-Telephone
-Cable TV
-Air-Conditioning in Cars
-Snowblower
-Snowmobile
-Standard Time (all of those time zones that exist today: very significant and important)
-Electric Cooking Range
-Robertson Screw
-Kerosene
-Pulp Newsprint (I actually think it was my Great great Grandfather)
-Electron Microscope
-Superman

[Skybean]

LOL Skybean, I saw that EXACT list you copied from a site. You should have just put the main significant Canadian inventions, ie: (sorry if I repeat)
-Basketball
-Lacrosse
-Hockey (as we play it today)
-Baseball
-Red Rose Tea :)
-Panoramic Pictures and Camera
-AM Radio
-IMAX Projector and System
-Telephone
-Cable TV
-Air-Conditioning in Cars
-Snowblower
-Snowmobile
-Standard Time (all of those time zones that exist today: very significant and important)
-Electric Cooking Range
-Robertson Screw
-Kerosene
-Pulp Newsprint (I actually think it was my Great great Grandfather)
-Electron Microscope
-Superman

Yeah cuz it was the first site that came up :)
Screw it I thought.. just post the whole lot and fill up the whole screen.

We wouldn't be forgetting insulin would we? You gotta give props to nobel winners
http://vietsciences.free.fr/nobel/tongquat/images/banting_best.gif


Or even Winnie the Pooh.
http://www.letsgoretro.com/assets/winnie_large.jpg

[luv2bebrown]

umm...

I thought Al Gore invented all these things.

[nick_taylor]

earthJoker - The list I provided was for that of The UK.

Jury - I think you need to do some research before discrediting it ;)



On another note forgot to mentionfor the UK:
- Football
- Rugby
- Golf
- Tennis
- Cricket
- Squash
- Modern badminton
- Archery
- Modern hockey

[Mr Man]

America, by ways of greed, mastered and near-perfected the art of Capitalism. As a result, it's possible for 99% of human wants to be efficently distributed when considering the limited resources of the world.

[koolguy]

http://www2.britishembassy.dk/?id=157

"A study by Japan's equivalent of the Department of Trade and Industry concluded that 54% of the world's most important inventions over the past 100 years were British. Of the rest, 25% were American and 5% Japanese.

According to Japanese research figures, of all the patents granted throughout the world for new inventions in the last 50 years, 40% have been to inventors from the British Isles alone, and the trend continues..."
According to a Danish site.

[Dino Domingo]

Other Canadian inventions:

the zipper
the push-up bra
the idea of having Time Zones
the chocolate bar
Smarties!
the Canada Arm (CanadARM) used on the space shuttles to conduct repairs
the goalie mask
the washing machine
Anne of Green Gables
Superman!
Ginger Ale
the electric light bulb
the garbage bag
the sprinkler
the prosthetic hand
Trivial Pursuit!
the Walkie-Talkie
the electric wheelchair
the Pacemaker
the rollerskate
Yachtzee!

GO CANADA! :)

[Petronius]

POrtugal's contribution to the world:

-the Astrolab

http://www.avizora.com/mensajes_del_cielo/astrologia/astrolog5_archivos/astr5_archivos/astrolab.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abc.se/~m10354/mar/img/astrolab.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.abc.se/~m10354/uwa/glossary.htm&h=322&w=252&sz=6&tbnid=3xHF-UoD6ZQJ:&tbnh=114&tbnw=89&start=11&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dastrolab%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

-The nonio

http://digilander.libero.it/bigen/set/nonio.jpg

-The Caravel

http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/students/his3487/cole/images/caravel.gif

-The very first World Maps

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.zoomvacations.com/New%2520Zoom/world%2520map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.zoomvacations.com/travelagentmapoftours.htm&h=365&w=581&sz=65&tbnid=V_As_NSqM5kJ:&tbnh=82&tbnw=131&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bmap%2B%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

-The first Europeans in America, Asia, Southern Africa

http://www.junior.te.pt/Final/Rua/ImgA/portugal/portugueses_japao.jpg

The first circumnavigation of the planet (Magellan)

http://home.arcor.de/zu7al/Bilder/Sonnensystem/Erde/magellan%20reise.gif

The first sugar refineries[b]

[b]-Lobotomy

-SIM Cards


VIA VERDE - An autmomatic system to pay at motorway toll gates, which is being sold throughout the world(started in Portugal, now NOrway, France, etc.) and might arrive to you sooner than you think

http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/contractors/tolling/q-free/

[Alex Pox]

China's 4 greatest inventions

Paper
typography
powder
compass
:)
Is that why you started this thread???

[Macca-GC]

Yobbo:
1-An Australian lout, the close cousin of the bogan. Much like American white trash or lummox. Their habitats usually are with female yobbos, known as Shelias and large canines usually a bull terrier breed. Often has autmated transport of a ute kind
2-A loud, inconsiderate person, usually found in groups for self preservation. Sometimes prone to violence,always found with beer and cheap smokes. Usually smell.
The "hill" at any football match of any code is the usual haunt of the Yobbo.
3-A yobbo is someone with a bush australian back ground and bad taste. Or from a poorer white australian background.
a yobbo is steve Irwin(the shorts give it away!)or slim dusty.


lol doesent sound like somthing to be proud of man!

First of all, very precise. But, Slim Dusty was not a yobbo.
The 'hill' is an essential part of any Australian stadium, particularly for cricket.
In regard to number 3: Australians tend not to like the rich snobs who live in Sydney, Melbourne or Brisbane's Eastern Suburbs. I would say 75% of Australians live in a middle class and 20% in the poor lower class. And then, our middle class is still a bit poorer than our American counterparts. You really can't appreciate the Australian yob until you come to Australia and see it in person.

And by the way, Steve Irwin isn't a yob, he's a wanker

[Macca-GC]

The reason why Australia was colonised: So that Britain would have people to beat them at sports that they invented(Golf, Tennis, Rugby, Cricket)

[ejd03]

Australia

Gold
Heaps of new medical breakthroughs
Kylie
Actors like; Russel Crowe, Nicole Kidman, Mel Gibson, Kate Blanchet and many more
other things i cant think of hha

what the.. gold?? are you kidding? it's natural thing you can't invent gold

[Alex Pox]

First of all, very precise. But, Slim Dusty was not a yobbo.
The 'hill' is an essential part of any Australian stadium, particularly for cricket.
In regard to number 3: Australians tend not to like the rich snobs who live in Sydney, Melbourne or Brisbane's Eastern Suburbs. I would say 75% of Australians live in a middle class and 20% in the poor lower class. And then, our middle class is still a bit poorer than our American counterparts. You really can't appreciate the Australian yob until you come to Australia and see it in person.

And by the way, Steve Irwin isn't a yob, he's a wanker
It's not people can't appreciate you Aussies. Aussies always love to express how much they are proud of being AUSSIE~, even if there's nothing to be proud of, they can even be proud of their laziness, their foolishness(sometimes), their terrible accent, their crazy footy....

[Alex Pox]

I've got a question:
Was communism invented by the German or the Russians??

[Jonesy55]

The reason why Australia was colonised: So that Britain would have people to beat them at sports that they invented(Golf, Tennis, Rugby, Cricket)

You might not have noticed but England are World Champions of Rugby and will soon be holders of the Ashes once again ;)

[JARdan]

On another note forgot to mentionfor the UK:
- Modern hockey
Modern hockey was created in Canada. Why do you think that they always hold the national pond hockey game, or whatever it is, every year in that remote town of Nova Scotia? They had a huge event there a couple years ago to commemorate the "birthplace of hockey".

The UK isn't even known for hockey, at all.

[huaiwei]

I only managed to read the first page, and it looks like trash already. We are talking about BIGGEST contribution to human civilisation, no? Not an attempt to list out as many inventions as you can think of, big or small?

[DoctorZero2]

I've got a question:
Was communism invented by the German or the Russians??
The theory is due to Karl Marx, a German. The Russians invented a doctrine based on this theory and where the first to implement it. They didn't go by the book though because they jumped right away from the feudal to the socialist stage without the intermediary capitalist stage. In the seventies the Chinese realized they made the same error and decided that their country would first have to become capitalist before being able to reach socialism and finally communism. So as you can see, the Chinese capitalism is ideologically bullet proof :)

[Küsel]

The Russian Revolution was planned in Zurich by Lenin :)
He was then a direct neighbour of the Cabaret Voltaire where Dadaism was invented by Hugo Ball, Hans and Sophie Täuber Arp etc...

[MILIUX]

France's biggest contribution to the human civilization:
- The universal declaration of Human rights
- Photography (Niepce was French)
- Cinema (The Lumière brothers was Fench)
- Color photography (Lumière brothers)
- Reinforced concrete
- Prestressed concrete

Other invention:
- Braille (Louis braille invented braille printing for the blinds)
- Altimeter
- Pencils (Conté was French)
- Bic pencil (Baron Bic)
- Scuba equipment (Cousteau was French)
- Stethoscope (Laennec)
- Electroscope
- Digital calculator (Blaise Pascal invented the concept)
- Bikini (perhaps one of the most important invention of this list)
- Parachutes (First real parachute as Da Vinci's one was just a drawing)
- Neon lights (Georges Claude)
- Helicopters (Paul Cornu)
- Blood transfusion (Jean-Baptiste Denys)
- Fire extinguisher (Hoppfer)
- Hot air baloon (Montgolfier brothers)
- Sewing machines (Thimmonier)
- Pasteurisation for food conservation (Pasteur)
- Bicycles (Michaux 1860)
- Various discoveries relative to the atom and radioactivity (Curie's family)

(- Diesel engine, invented by a GERMAN born in France and who lived in Paris :) )

Don't forget the SI unit.

[Macca-GC]

You might not have noticed but England are World Champions of Rugby and will soon be holders of the Ashes once again ;)

Yeah, shut up. Rugby was not supposed to be played by kicking goals. The aim is to score tries. That was so stupid. And besides, we beaten you since then. And no, you don't have a hope in hell of winning the ashes any time soon. Oh, and the last game of soccer that Australia played against England, we won. It was only a friendly, but that's beside the point.

[Zool]

It was stated that Edison was granted a patent in 1876. In fact he was not granted a patent because his "invention" too closely resembled an invention in the UK of a filament in a vacuum tube, developed by Joseph Swan in the 1860's.

In 1880, Swan and Edison teamed up to produce the first "practical" light bulb.

[nick_taylor]

I've got a question:
Was communism invented by the German or the Russians??Communism has its trends from marxism which was penned by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels in Britain (you can for instance sit in the seat where Karl Marx wrote the basis of marxism - it is in the Old Reading Room at the British Museum). Marxism itself is a basis of socialism which originated from the tensions created against capitalism in the first industrialised economy on the planet: England.

Communism is a corruption of Marx's work and even Lenin came to the Old Reading Room to pen his ideology down....we all pretty know the results - it just doesn't work. Just like pure capitalism never works.




Yeah, shut up. Rugby was not supposed to be played by kicking goals. The aim is to score tries. That was so stupid. And besides, we beaten you since then. And no, you don't have a hope in hell of winning the ashes any time soon. Oh, and the last game of soccer that Australia played against England, we won. It was only a friendly, but that's beside the point.That is odd, because when it came to the Final in the last World Cup, the break down of points was as follows:

Australia: 17
Try: Tuqiri
Pen: Flatley (4)

England: 20
Try: Robinson
Pen: Wilkinson (4)
Drop: Wilkinson

Only difference was a drop kick which won England the game.....I don't think you should be preaching so much now.

As for waiting too who is better, well we have another 3 years and the depleted squad we have now won't be as easily overcome as you might think.

[AltinD]

I'm Albanian, therefore:

http://www.moonsun.jp/ohno/syouzouga/Teresa.jpg

[AltinD]

Another, but very diffierent, ALBANIAN:

http://mk-studios.com/files/80s_images/JohnBelushi.jpg

[ncon]

indonesia :
the green revolution
the introduction of high-yoelding varieties(HYVs)

[Jury]

what the.. gold?? are you kidding? it's natural thing you can't invent gold

read the name of the thread, its not "which country invented what" its what each country mostly contributed to the world, australia contributed gold, gold rushes .. etc

[eddyk]

Most important contributions to human civillisation:
- Modern political ideology
- Industrialisation
- Globalisation
- Greatest prolonged democratic and economic contribution after the diffusion of the Empire (eg largest democracy on the planet: India, etc)
- English: the world's first trully global language
- London: the city of cities

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer
- www.
- Jet engine
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces
- Flushing toilet
- Cement
- Cloning
- CAT scan

see next page

[GNU]

^^^Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were both germans.Das Manifest,the book they wrote and on which Communism is kind of based on,was written in german.

[bnmaddict]

Don't forget the SI unit.

Exactly! :)

Meters, kg, etc... All the units used in most of the world are French too!

[bnmaddict]

Most important contributions to human civillisation:
- Modern political ideology -> What does that means?
- Industrialisation
- Globalisation
- Greatest prolonged democratic and economic contribution after the diffusion of the Empire (eg largest democracy on the planet: India, etc)
- English: the world's first trully global language
- London: the city of cities -> What does that means??

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer -> :)
- www.
- Jet engine -> The first jet was German, I think
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone -> Canadian?
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card -> ????
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces -> ??? Already used all over europe in the middle ages...
- Flushing toilet
- Cement -> Invened in the Roman empire (-> Italian)
- Cloning
- CAT scan

In my French list, I only gave inventions none to be French... Most of the list is truely 100% Brit, but some are really arguable...

[N/A]

In my French list, French kiss and French letter are the biggest contribution to the human civilization.

[eddyk]

- Modern political ideology -> What does that means?

We invented modern politics I guess!

- London: the city of cities -> What does that means??

Doesnt mean anything really.

- Jet engine -> The first jet was German, I think

Invented by Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle....so UK/German


- Telephone -> Canadian?

Invented by Graham Bell ....

Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Canada when he was 23 and only then migrated to the USA. He was British so Brits can rightly claim the telephone is a British invention.


- Xmas greeting card -> ????

Sent at holidays to relitives to say how sorry they were they couldnt be there...cards soon became the norm...believed to have started in the UK

- Shoelaces -> ??? Already used all over europe in the middle ages...

God knows

- Cement -> Invened in the Roman empire (-> Italian)

Portland Cement...which it what we use today!

-----------------------------------------------



Didnt realised the last page was nearly over...so ive moved my post from the last page to this one...

continuing on for Britain...

- Banks
- Paper Money (I saw a japanese peson said they did....but I think it was us)
- The Stamp
- The Television....and Colour Television later on
- Traffic Lights
- cats-eyes
- discovered AMERICA - In 1170 Welsh prince Madog ab Owain Gwynedd sailed from Wales in search of new lands and reached America.

A memorial tablet has been erected at Port Morgan, Mobile Bay, Alabama which reads: "In memory of Prince Madog, a Welsh explorer, who landed on the shores of Mobile Bay in 1170 and left behind, with the Indians, the Welsh language."

- Submarine

"There was an English submarine that was not only demonstrated in the early 1600s but gave a test-ride to King James I. The design was created in 1578 by William Bourne, a mathematician. A Dutchman called Cornelis Drebbel came to London to test it in the Thames. Between 1620 and 1624 he did many tests; his oar-propelled craft worked at depths of five metres for several hours."

- Cork Screws
- Gas Mask
- Lawn Mower
- Clockwork Radio
- Ejector Seat
- Polyester
- Periscope
- Torpedo
- Toilet Paper
- Vacuum Cleaner
- Viagra
- FIRST POWERED FLIGHT...

"When I ask people "Who invented the aeroplane?" they usually say "The Wright Brothers." In fact the world's first powered flight took place not in America in 1903, but at Chard in Somerset 55 years earlier, and the man who made it happen was John Stringfellow."

- Mobile phones
- Magnifying glass
- telescope
- Smallpox vaccination
- Torch (flashlight)
- Telegraph (with US)
- Photography (With France)
- Antiseptic surgery
- Air-inflated rubber tire
- Motion picture camera (with US)
- Two-color motion picture camera

- Football
- Rugby
- Golf
- Tennis
- Cricket
- Squash
- Modern badminton
- Archery
- Modern hockey
- Baseball (mostly US)

"The game developed from a British game called "rounders." A variation of rounders in America, called "town ball," was played until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright of Hoboken, N.J., started creating a variation of town ball with different rules. "

- Bobsleigh
- Bowls
- Gloved Boxing
- Darts
- Tenpin Bowling

[Be_Happy]

Inventions/discoveries from Scotland, UK:

Adhesive postage stamps,
anaesthetics,
antiseptics,
artificial diamonds,
reaping machine,
Bank of England,
latent heat,
Brownian Movement,
Buicks,
chemical bonds,
penicillin,
the decimal point,
documentary films,
Encyclopedia Britannica,
engineering sciences,
fax machines,
first cloned mammal,
flailing machines,
geosciences,
golf,
historical novels,
hypodermic syringes,
Kelvin scale,
percussion powder,
logarithms,
Maxwell's Equations,
marmalade,
Mackintosh raincoats (water-resistant material),
tarmac [Macadamised roads],
microwaves,
colloid chemistry,
breech-loading rifle,
tubular Steel,
quinine,
sociology,
pneumatic tyres,
pink bathtubs?,
hollow pipe drainage,
Peter Pan,
radar,
paleobiology,
polarization,
cure for scurvy,
King Arthur,
Halloween,
refrigerators,
Neptune,
bakelite,
iron bridges,
solitons,
the steam engine [early train],
telephones,
thermos flasks/dewars,
The Telegraph,
television,
the stereotype,
sulphuric acid,
the steam hammer,
cure for insomnia,
paraffin,
Sherlock Holmes,
Toad of Toad Hall,
Long John Silver,
Jekyll and Hide,
Auld Land Syne,
whisky,
US Navy,
Chilean Navy,
economics,
cloud chamber...

:eek2:
Pretty long list for a country of 5 million ... imagine a world without pink bathtubs .. oh the horror.
Read more here: http://www.magicdragon.com/Wallace/thingscot.html

[Jury]

Inventions/discoveries from Scotland, UK:

Adhesive postage stamps,
anaesthetics,
antiseptics,
artificial diamonds,
reaping machine,
Bank of England,
latent heat,
Brownian Movement,
Buicks,
chemical bonds,
penicillin,
the decimal point,
documentary films,
Encyclopedia Britannica,
engineering sciences,
fax machines,
first cloned mammal,
flailing machines,
geosciences,
golf,
historical novels,
hypodermic syringes,
Kelvin scale,
percussion powder,
logarithms,
Maxwell's Equations,
marmalade,
Mackintosh raincoats (water-resistant material),
tarmac [Macadamised roads],
microwaves,
colloid chemistry,
breech-loading rifle,
tubular Steel,
quinine,
sociology,
pneumatic tyres,
pink bathtubs?,
hollow pipe drainage,
Peter Pan,
radar,
paleobiology,
polarization,
cure for scurvy,
King Arthur,
Halloween,
refrigerators,
Neptune,
bakelite,
iron bridges,
solitons,
the steam engine [early train],
telephones,
thermos flasks/dewars,
The Telegraph,
television,
the stereotype,
sulphuric acid,
the steam hammer,
cure for insomnia,
paraffin,
Sherlock Holmes,
Toad of Toad Hall,
Long John Silver,
Jekyll and Hide,
Auld Land Syne,
whisky,
US Navy,
Chilean Navy,
cconomics,
cloud chamber...

Pretty long list for a country of 5 million ... imagine a world without pink bathtubs .. oh the horror.
Read more here: http://www.magicdragon.com/Wallace/thingscot.html


plz read the previous pages about NIKOLA TESLA, he invented the radar.

[Be_Happy]

Physicist, Sir Robert Watson-Watt, was the mind behind the radar network on the coast of England that detected incoming German aircraft in World War II. He had worked on the radio detection of thunderstorms (hazardous to aviators) during World War I. In 1935 he proposed a method for locating aircraft by a radio-pulse technique. The radar system was invaluable to the defense of Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940. It operated day and night over a range of 40 miles, giving the Royal Air Force information about the height and bearing of German planes.

[Mekky II]

Well, France it is also :

Modern Olympic Games (Summer and Winter = Baron Pierre de Coubertin)
FIFA world cup (Jules Rimet)

Only those two enjoy my life 'cause it's events that link the world in celebration.

[James704]

Democracy?

[Jury]

Radar
Tesla, in August 1917, first established principles regarding frequency and power level for the first primitive radar units in 1934. In the 1917 The Electrical Experimenter, he stated the principles of modern military radar in detail. His study of high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current led to this development. He had formed the concept of using radio waves to detect objects at a distance.

Tesla stated,

"For instance, by their [standing electromagnetic waves] use we may produce at will, from a sending station, an electrical effect in any particular region of the globe; [with which] we may determine the relative position or course of a moving object, such as a vessel at sea, the distance traversed by the same, or its speed."
Tesla proposed to use electromagnetic waves to determine the relative position, speed, and course of a moving object and other modern concepts of radar. He had proposed it might help find submarines (which it isn't well-suited for), though it was first applied successfully to find aircraft (after their later proliferation) and surface ships during World War II. Emil Girardeau, working with the first French radar systems, stated he was building radar systems "conceived according to the principles stated by Tesla".

By the twenties, Tesla was reportedly negotiating with the United Kingdom government under Prime Minister Chamberlain about a ray system. Tesla had also stated that efforts had been made to steal the "death ray" (though they had failed). The Chamberlain government was removed, though, before any final negotiations occurred. The incoming Baldwin government found no use for Tesla's suggestions and ended negotiations.

[Mekky II]

About the telephone controversies :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Meucci

Also the plane :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%E9ment_Ader

Clément Ader was born where A380 was born, so it is not really strange finally :)

[Be_Happy]

On February 12, 1935, Robert Watson-Watt sent a memo of a proposed RADAR system to the British Air Ministry, entitled "Detection and location of aircraft by radio methods". In 1915 he joined the Royal Aircraft Factory at Ditton Park, in Hampshire, England, as a meteorologist, where he attempted to use radio signals generated by lightning strikes to map out thunderstorms. The difficulty in pinpointing the direction of these high-speed signals led to the use of rotating directional antennas, and in 1923 the use of oscilloscopes in order to display them in 2-D. At this point the only missing part of a functioning radar was the broadcaster.

In 1934, Watson-Watt was well established in the area of radio, and was approached by H.E. Wimperis from the Air Ministry, who asked about the use of radio to produce a 'death ray'. While he knew this to be unlikely, he pointed out that in the absence of progess, 'meanwhile attention is being turned to the still difficult, but less unpromising, problem of radio detection and numerical considerations on the method of detection by reflected radio waves will be submitted when required.' Watson-Watt and his assistant Arnold Wilkins published a report on the topic in February 1935, titled The Detection of Aircraft by Radio Methods.

By the time World War 2 began, viable radar technology existed in the oscilloscope type SCR-270 Radar.

[Jury]

^ meh read my previous post

[Be_Happy]

I did. It says:

He had formed the concept of using radio waves to detect objects at a distance.

[Zool]

Tesla was one of many who formed the concept of using radio waves to detect objects but Sir Robert Watson-Watt was the man who did it.

[SHiRO]

Oh great...another one of these threads...

[Ning]

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Declaration_of_Human_Rights.jpg

[Jury]

why does that angel have black wings ..

[eddyk]

Australia can have the radar if they want....doesnt make any differance....anything else that Australia can claim?

[Jury]

Australia can have the radar if they want....doesnt make any differance....anything else that Australia can claim?

actualy i was claiming the radar for nikola tesla, an yugoslav-american inventer-scientist ....

[eddyk]

Does australia have any major inventions?

I mean one on par with what you can find in that gigantic list if british inventions up above ^

[Jury]

i guess so, tho im not aware of it, nor am a aware of any other country's inventions
:D

[Jury]

"
The Australian currency
Australia was the first country in the world to have a complete system of bank notes based on plastic (polymer). These notes provide much greater security against counterfeiting. They also last four times as long as conventional paper (fibrous) notes.

The innovative technology by which the notes are produced, developed entirely in Australia, offers artists brilliant scope for the creation of images that reflect the histories and natural environments of their countries. At the same time the polymer notes are cleaner than paper notes and easily recyclable. Australia's currency consists of coins of five, 10, 20 and 50 cent and one and two dollar denomination; and notes of five, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollar denomination. "

[cladiv]

Telephone was definitely invented by Meucci not Bell

[Mekky II]

I forgot credit card, by talking about currency. Love has no country indeed.

[eddyk]

...

[cladiv]

Any proof?

Open any history book or make a search on google,you will find many.

[eddyk]

Hugely debateable....seeing and he was trying to invent one but wasnt succesful...where are AGB was!

[Ringil]

impossible to say... maybe some medical thing like the pacemaker or something?? i have no idea...

[Aryan]

The first computer virus in the world was created in Pakistan. I don't think we've generally contributed anything good to the world. Wait, the world's thinnest watch was invented in Pakistan.

[Be_Happy]

Here's an updated and more comprehensive list of Scottish inventions:

Scottish Discoveries and Inventions

Mathematical & Financial
Logarithms
The Bank of England
Capitalism
Economics
The overdraft
The decimal point

Technological
Buicks
The reflecting telescope
Artificial Diamonds
Hollow pipe drainage
The threshing machine
Iron bridges
Iron plough
Steam powered marine engine
Steam traction engine
The reaping machine
The gravitating compass
Street lighting
The steam engine
The pneumatic tyre
Kelvin scale
The pedal bicycle
Tarmacadam (the modern road surface)
The locomotive
The bus
The steam hammer
The telegraph
Percussion cap
Coal-gas lighting
Blackboard & coloured chalk
ATM [auto-teller-machine]
The thermos flask
The telephone
World time zones
The gas mask
Colour photographs
The microwave
The lawnmower
Television
Clerk cycle gas engine
The fax machine
The photocopier
Video
The kaleidoscope

[b]Scientific
Theory of combustion
Oil refining
Carbon Dioxide
Sociology
Colloid chemistry
Sulphuric acid
The cloud chamber
Paraffin
Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism
Percussion powder
Polarization of light
Electric light
Paleobiology
Chemical bonds
Brownian Movement
Latent Heat
Geology
Gardenias
Helium
Breech-loading rifle
Radar
Neon
Artificial ice
Refrigerator
Neptune
Bakelite
Dolly, the cloned sheep

Medical
The hypodermic syringe
Cure for Insomnia
Ultra-sound scanner
Quinine [cure for malaria]
Anaesthesia
Morphine
Antiseptics
Cure for scurvy
Insulin
Penicillin
Interferon
The thermometer
Ante-natal clinics

Sport
Golf
Curling
Shinty
Tennis courts
The bowling green

Electronic
The alpha chip
Blue lasers
Kerr Lens Modelocking techniques

Everyday Items
Adhesive postage stamp
Marmalade
Writing paper
The fountain pen
Postcards
Whisky
The Mackintosh (aka raincoats)
Waterproofs
Suspenders

Miscellaneous
Finger-printing
Encyclopaedia Britannica
King Arthur
Halloween
Toad of Toad Hall
Long John Silver
Jekyll and Hyde
Auld Lang Syne
Documentary films
Air-raid shelter
Historical Novels
Grand Theft Auto [video-game]
The traffic cone
Sherlock Holmes
Peter Pan
US navy
Chilean navy

[cladiv]

He invented it, unfortunately he was poor and therefore not able to pay The US Patent office to get the rights of the invention.

Even the american government that has for many years tried to defend Bell has some years ago finally acknowledged that telephone is Meucci's creation.

[Aryan]

Oh I forgot, 90% of all footballs in the world are made in Pakistan, so I guess we give the world football :)

[FerrariEnzo]

You people are pathetic.

[_UberGerard_]

Most important contributions to human civillisation:
- Modern political ideology
- Industrialisation
- Globalisation
- Greatest prolonged democratic and economic contribution after the diffusion of the Empire (eg largest democracy on the planet: India, etc)
- English: the world's first trully global language
- London: the city of cities

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer
- www.
- Jet engine
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces
- Flushing toilet
- Cement
- Cloning
- CAT scan
the germans invented the jet engine
for portugal: the arabs introduced the astrolab into europe

[Macca-GC]

For Australia:

From About.com:

Democratic Firsts

First place in the world to have a secret ballot in elections (1856)
First Place in the world to give women the vote. (1894)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Legal Firsts
Torrens Title. An Australian invented the worlds first method of land registration. Now in use by many countries around the world.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sporting Firsts
First country in the world to beat America in it America's cup. (*Not sure about this)
Only country to have attended every modern Olympic games. (*I think Greece has as well)
The first country to employ skiing as a sport. (1863)
The Australian crawl. Until the 1890's competetive freestyle was done with the head out of the water. (Remember how Tarzan used to swim in the movies?) Australian Dick Cavill popularised it and enabled it to be accepted in world class meetings.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Australian Inventions (http://www.convictcreations.com/culture/inventions.htm)

Australia has always been an inventive place. The Aborigines showed a mastery of physics to create hunting equipment like the boomerang and woomera. Likewise, Convicts showed a great capacity to think outside the square to evade capture, attempt escape or to steal. On one occasion, a Convict decided to disguise himself as a Kangaroo so the barking guard dogs would not seem suspicious. The plan was working brilliantly until a trooper decided to use the Kangaroo for target practice.

The legacy of these foundations is a culture of pragmatic decision making that although sometimes leads to hair-brain ideas, usually show great resourcefulness and adaptability.

1838 Pre-paid postage - Colonial Postmaster-General of New South Wales, James Raymond introduced the world's first pre-paid postal system.

1843 Grain stripper - John Ridley and John Bull of South Australia developed the world's first grain stripper that cut the crop then removed and placed the grain into bins.

1856 Refrigerator - Using the principal of vapour compression, James Harrison produced the world's first practical refrigerator. He was commissioned by a brewery to build a machine that cooled beer.

1858 Football - In 1858 Tom Will and Henry Harrison wrote the first ten rules of Football, thus becoming the first people in the world to codify a kicking-ball game. These rules predate those of Rugby, Soccer and Gridiron. Football may have been inspired by the Aboriginal jumping/kicking game of Marn Grook.

1874 The underwater torpedo - Invented by Louis Brennan, the torpedo had two propellers, rotated by wires which were attached to winding engines on the shore station. By varying the speed at which the two wires were extracted, the torpedo could be steered to the left or right by an operator on the shore.

1876 Stump jump plough- Robert and Clarence Bowyer Smith developed a plough which could jump over stumps and stones, enabling newly-cleared land to be cultivated.

1885 Telpahane - The forerunner of the television. It was invented by Henry Sutton in Ballarat.

1879 Refrigeration - Credited with the manufacture of the first artificial ice, Eugene Nicolle and Thomas Sutcliffe Mort developed shipboard refrigeration that resulted in the export of meat from Australia to Great Britain.

1889 Electric Drill - Arthur James Arnot, patented the world's first electric drill on 20 August 1889 while he was an employee of the Union Electric Company in Melbourne. He designed it primarily to drill rock and to dig coal.

1894 First powered flight - Perhaps inspired by the boomerang, Lawrence Hargrave discovered that curved surfaces lift more than flat ones. He subsequently built the world's first box-kite, hitched four together, added an engine and flew five metres.

Hargrave corresponded freely with other aviation pioneers, including the Wright Brothers. But unlike the Americans who monopolised their ideas, Hargrave never patented his. Because it promised public access, Hargrave left all his research to the Munich Museum.

Had Hargrave gained local support to further develop his ideas and not been so generous in sharing his ideas with other aviation pioneers, he probably would have been the first person in the world to achieve sustained and controlled powered flight.

1897 Differential gears - David Shearer of South Australia built a steam car with a differential inside left rear wheel hub.

1902 Notepad -For 500 years, paper had been supplied in loose sheets. J A Birchall decided that it would be a good idea to cut the sheets into half, back them with cardboard and glue them together at the top.

1903 Froth flotation process- The process of separating minerals from rock by flotation was developed by Charles Potter and Guillaume Delprat of New South Wales.

1906 Feature film - The world's first feature length film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, was a little over an hour long.

1906 Surf life-saving reel - The first surf life-saving reel in the world was demonstrated at Bondi Beach on 23 December 1906 by its designer Lester Ormsby.

1910 Humespun process -The Humespun process was developed by Walter Hume of Humes Ltd for making concrete pipes of high strength and low permeability. The process revolutionised pipe manufacture in 1910 and has since been used around the world.

1912 The tank - A South Australian named Lance de Mole submitted a proposal, to the British War Office, for a 'chain-rail vehicle which could be easily steered and carry heavy loads over rough ground and trenches'. The British war office liked the idea but then developed the tank themselves without paying royalties.

1913 Automatic totalisator -The world's first automatic totalisator for calculating horse-racing bets was made by Sir George Julius.

1917 Aspro - A pain reliever based on aspirin was developed in Melbourne by George Nicholas. By 1940 it had become the world's most widely used headache and pain treatment.

1922 Vegemite - One of the world's richest sources of vitamin B, vegemite was invented by Dr. Cyril P. Callister. It is made by the autolysis of expired brewer's yeast: a process where the yeast's own enzymes break it down.

1924 Car radio - The first car radio was fitted to an Australian car built by Kellys Motors in New South Wales.

1927 Speedo -In 1927 Speedo launched the revolutionary 'racer-back' style, which reduced fabric drag. In 1955, Speedo introduced the use of nylon for their racing swimwear. At the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics, more than 70 per cent of all swimming medals were won by competitors wearing Speedo.

1928 Flying Doctor Service - Reverend John Flynn founded the world's first Aerial Medical Service in 1928.

1934 Ute- The utility vehicle, with a front like a car and a rear like a truck was designed by Lewis Brandt at the Ford Motor Company in Geelong, Victoria.

1940 Zinc Cream - This white sun block made from zinc oxide was developed by the Fauldings pharmaceutical company.
1942 Transverse folding stroller - Designed by Harold Cornish, the sturdy, lightweight design of his Stoway Strollers made life easier for many parents using public transport as it could be folded and placed under a tram seat.

1944 Antibiotic penicillin- Produced by Howard Florey with help from a Pome named Ernst Chain.
1945 The Hills Hoist - A rotary clothes line with a winding mechanism allowing the frame to be lowered and raised with ease. Invented by Lance Hill.

1952 Victor mower - by Mervyn Victor Richardson, the two-stroke petrol lawn mower with rotary blades revolutionised mowing world wide.

1950s Lagerphone- The lagerphone is a musical instrument made by nailing beer caps onto a stick. It is not known who invented it, but in the 50s it was popularised by the Heathcote Bushwackers as an alternative to the American wobbleboard.

1952 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer -Atomic absorption spectrophotometer is a complex analytical instrument incorporating micro-computer electronics and precision optics and mechanics, used in chemical analysis to determine low concentrations of metals in a wide variety of substances. It was first developed by Sir Alan Walsh of the CSIRO.

1953 Solar hot water - Developed by R N Morse at the CSIRO

1957 Flame ionisation detector -The flame ionisation detector is one of the most accurate instruments ever developed for the detection of emissions. It was invented by Ian McWilliam. The instrument, which can measure one part in 10 million, has been used in chemical analysis in the petrochemical industry, medical and biochemical research, and in the monitoring of the environment.

1957 Trousers with a permeant crease - The process for producing permanently creased fabric was invented by Dr Arthur Farnworth of the CSIRO.

1958 Black box flight recorder - The 'black box' voice and instrument data recorder was invented by Dr David Warren in Melbourne.

1960 Plastic spectacle lenses - The world's first plastic spectacle lenses, 60 per cent lighter than glass lenses, were designed by Scientific Optical Laboratories.

1961 Ultrasound - David Robinson and George Kossoff's work at the Australian Department of Health, resulted in the first commercially practical water path ultrasonic scanner in 1961.

1965 Inflatable escape slide - The inflatable aircraft escape slide which doubles as a raft was invented by Jack Grant of Qantas.

1965 Wine cask -Invented by Thomas Angrove, the wine cask is a cardboard box housing a plastic container which collapses as the wine is drawn off, thus preventing contact with air.

1970 Variable rack and pinion steering - The variable ratio rack and pinion steering in motor vehicles was invented by Australian engineer, Arthur Bishop.

1970 Staysharp knife- The self-sharpening knife was developed by Wiltshire.

1972 Orbital internal combustion engine - The orbital combustion process engine was invented by engineer Ralph Sarich of Perth, Western Australia.

1972- Instream analysis - To speed-up analysis of metals during the recovery process, which used to take up to 24 hours, Amdel Limited developed an on-the-spot analysis equipment called the In-Stream Analysis System, for the processing of copper, zinc, lead and platinum - and the washing of coal. This computerised system allowed continuous analysis of key metals and meant greater productivity for the mineral industry worldwide.

1978 Plastic injection moulding software -Engineers at Moldflow Pty Ltd revolutionised the plastic injection process with a new computer aided engineering software, that simulated the injection moulding process and offered a design strategy to evaluate, refine and optimise successive simulations. The technique has been used widely in the automotive, whitegoods, computer, packaging, communications, aeronautical and photographic industries.

1979 Race-cam - Race Cam was developed by Geoff Healey, an engineer with Australian Television Network Seven in Sydney. The tiny lightweight camera is used in sports broadcasts and provides viewers with spectacular views of events such as motor racing, which are impossible with conventional cameras

1979 Bionic ear - The cochlear implant was invented by Professor Graeme Clark of the University of Melbourne.

1982 The dual flush toilet - As dunnies have a celebrated status in Australia, it is apt that Australia has taken a central role in their evolution. In 1982, the dual flush toilet was responsible for savings in excess of 32000 litres of water per household a year. Pretty important in the world's dries inhabited continent.

1980 Wave-piercing catamarans - The high speed catamarans were developed by Phillip Hercus and Robert Clifford of Incat in Tasmania.

1983 Winged Keel - Ben Lexen designed a winged keel that helped Australia II end the American's 132 ownership of the America's cup. The keel gave the yacht better steering and manoeuvrability in heavy winds.

1984 Frozen embryo baby- The world's first frozen embryo baby was born in Melbourne on 28th March 1984

1984 Baby Safety Capsule - Babies in a car crash used to bounce around like a soccer ball. In 1984, for the first time babies had a harness for their safe transportation in cars.

1986 Gene shears - The discovery of gene shears was made by CSIRO scientists, Wayne Gerlach and Jim Haseloff.

1992 Multi-focal contact lens- The world's first multi-focal contact lens was invented by optical research scientist, Stephen Newman in Queensland.

1992 Supersonic combustion - The University of Queensland demonstrated the world's first supersonic combustion in an atmospheric flight test at Woomera on July 30, 2002. The craft reached speeds of more than Mach 8, or 8 times the speed of sound.

1993 Scramjet - The University of Queensland reported for the first time the development of a scramjet that achieved more thrust than drag.

1993 Underwater pc - The world's first underwater computer with a five-button hand-held keypad was developed by Bruce Macdonald at the Australian Institute of Marine Science.

1995 EXELGRAM - The world's most sophisticated optical anti-counterfeiting technology was developed by the CSIRO.

1995 - Jindalee Radar System - The United States of America spent $11 billion developing an aeroplane that could not be detected by radar. Scientists at the CSIRO then concluded that if the plane could not be detected, perhaps the turbulance it makes passing through air could be. $1.5 million later, the Jindalee Radar system had transformed the stealth bomber into nothing more than an unusual looking aircraft.

[Jury]

wow go australia, yey we invented the sexy speedos :D :D :D (when on sexy ppl haha)

[earthJoker]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners_Lee

Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, KBE, (TimBL or TBL) (b. June 8, 1955) is the inventor of the World Wide Web (along with Robert Cailliau) and head of the World Wide Web Consortium, which oversees its continued development.

Berners-Lee was born in London, England, and attended Emanuel School in Wandsworth.
Bit he wasn't in the UK while doing its work. He was at the CERN in Geneva.
Ok you can claim its a UK contribution for giving him the place of birth. But than we have to do that for alot more people.

[innoncent_monster]

Kamasutra amongst others . :)

[innoncent_monster]

India is birthplace of hinduism , buddhism , sikhism and jainism
India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.

Indians also made advances in other areas of mathematics. Very early in their history they developed a simple system of geometry. This system was used to plan outdoor sites for hindu religious ceremonies. Indians also added to our knowledge of even more complicated branches of mathematics such as trigonometry and calculus. They studied these branches of mathematics in order to apply them to astronomy."

The World's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century CE was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
Sanskrit is the mother of all the European languages. Sanskrit is the most suitable language for the computer software - a report in Forbes magazine, July 1987.

Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in our civilization.
Although modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India was the richest country on earth until the time of British in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus was attracted by her wealth.
The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word NAV Gatih. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit `Nou'.
Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days.
The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians. Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were propounded by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera: 1012.

According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for diamonds to the world.
Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.
Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like cesareans, contracts, artificial legs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment's were used. Deep knowledge of anatomy physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts.

When Europeans were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization) The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.All of us who wear cotton cloth, enjoy taste of chicken, do yoga, seek peace of mind or tranquility through meditation, are indebted to India.

Iron Pillar -The forging of wrought iron seems to have reached its zenith in India in the first millennium AD. The earliest large forging is the iron pillar at New Delhi dated by inscription to the Gupta period of the 3rd c. AD at a height of over 7 m and weight of about 6 tons. The pillar is believed to have been made by forging together a series of disc-shaped iron blooms. Apart from the dimensions another remarkable aspect of the iron pillar is the absence of corrosion which has been linked to the composition, the high purity of the wrought iron and the phosphorus content and the distribution of slag. Town Planning and Great Baths of Indus Valley Urban planning is evident in the neat arrangement of the major buildings contained in the citadel, including the placement of a large granary and water tank or bath at right angles to one another. The lower city, which was tightly packed with residential units, was also constructed on a grid pattern consisting of a number of blocks separated by major cross streets. Baked-brick houses faced the street, and domestic life was centered around an enclosed courtyard.
The cities had an elaborate public drainage system, Sanitation was provided through an extensive system of covered drains running the length of the main streets and connected by chutes with most residences.


Grammar: Panini's Sanskrit grammar, produced in about 300 B.C.E. is the shortest and the fullest grammar in the world. Ideas of natural selection, atomic polarity and evolution. This is what Manu said, perhaps 10,000 years before the birth of Christ:The first germ of life was developed by water and heat.

Snooker , a relatively modern sport was invented in Jabalpur, during the British rule

Chandrasekhara Raman, Indian descoverer of Raman Spectroscopy for analysis: 1888.
Satyendranath Bose, Indian developer of statistics of particles like photos: 1894.

VINOD DHAM
As the leader of Intel's Pentium team in the early 1990s he earned the sobriquet of "Father of the Pentium"

[Mekky II]

And all this come from where ?... The biggest laugh comes from Sanskrit indeed, cause it's an indo-iranian language firstly. But i am not sure indeed, i laughed either with the number system that is arabic ! Well, i will take both and spend a nice day :)

[innoncent_monster]

http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Indian+numerals&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1
http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Arabic+numerals&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1


History

The Indian numerals have been traced back to about 50 BC. Prior to that, the Brahmi numerals used similar forms, except that 10 was represented as a fish. It is this fish shape that became the "10" of the Indian numerals. This numeral system spread to the Middle East and later came to be called the Arabic numeral system, although the Arabs continue to call their numerals the Indian numerals. In 662 a Nestorian bishop living in what is now called Iraq said of the numeral system:

I will omit all discussion of the science of the Indians ... of their subtle discoveries in astronomy - discoveries that are more ingenious than those of the Greeks and the Babylonians - and of their valuable methods of calculation which surpass description. I wish only to say that this computation is done by means of nine signs. If those who believe that because they speak Greek they have arrived at the limits of science would read the Indian texts they would be convinced even if a little late in the day that there are others who know something of value.



Sure everything is iranian or arabic . But dont tell me hinduism is arabic too .
You are too inconsequential to change the reality
So believe what you want and keep having nice days :)

[7Bungalows]

The decimal system was invented in India. The Arabs who were the traders at that time took this system to Europe and so they were known (incorrectly) as Arabic numerals.

[Mekky II]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_numeral

Indeed, it was not so far ! Also, if we go deeper, Bouddhism can be nepalese. :)

[innoncent_monster]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_numeral

Indeed, it was not so far ! Also, if we go deeper, Bouddhism can be nepalese. :)

So whats your point here ?
The link you posted contradicts your own belief Number system was invented by Arabs .

What we know as "Arabic numerals" were neither invented nor widely used by the Arabs. Instead, they were developed in India by the Hindus around 400 BC..

Buddha received his enlightenment at Bodh Gaya in present day Bihar, India .

As I said , your miserable little existence wont change the history . Why not post your nations contributions to the human civilization ?

:)

[Mekky II]

So whats your point here ?
The link you posted contradicts your own belief Number system was invented by Arabs .


Buddha received his enlightenment at Bodh Gaya in present day Bihar, India .

As I said , your miserable little existence wont change the history . Why not post your nations contributions to the human civilization ?



Well, when french came to Pondicherry, they helped a lot the local IQ to grow, it can be considered a contribution or not ? :)

Yes, an intelligent person will say that its basic idea was wrong, like i did about arabic numeral system.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouddhism

Legend has it that the Buddha to be, Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit; in Pāli, Siddhattha Gotama), was born around the 6th century BCE. His birthplace is said to be Lumbini in the Shākya state, one of a small group of old oligarchic republics, in what is now Nepal.

Half right, half wrong on this one. Enlighted either ? lol And seriously, I will not care much of you now, a guy (or girl) that is able to see people like "miserable" things, it's surely someone that feels superior to the world but is not.

Have good days either :)

[innoncent_monster]

Well, when french came to Pondicherry, they helped a lot the local IQ to grow, it can be considered a contribution or not ? :)

Wow another one . Stop smoking ganja . That statement speaks a lot of your IQ or rather lack of it.

So , now Buddhism is Nepali , Indian numeral system was flawed , french helped locals to raise their IQ (And how does one raise people's IQ ?) and sanskrit was Iranian (it just belongs to Indo-Iranian family) .

Whats next ?

[Rigadon]

the germans invented the jet engine


try reading the rest of the thread before posting something stupid.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine

[Rigadon]

Oh and I believe my country's greatest contributions to civilization are probably

Industrial Revolution
Theory of Evolution
Newtonain Mechanics
Shakespeare
Maxwellian Electromagnetism

[willo]

POrtugal's contribution to the world:

-the Astrolab

http://www.avizora.com/mensajes_del_cielo/astrologia/astrolog5_archivos/astr5_archivos/astrolab.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.abc.se/~m10354/mar/img/astrolab.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.abc.se/~m10354/uwa/glossary.htm&h=322&w=252&sz=6&tbnid=3xHF-UoD6ZQJ:&tbnh=114&tbnw=89&start=11&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dastrolab%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

-The nonio

http://digilander.libero.it/bigen/set/nonio.jpg

-The Caravel

http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/students/his3487/cole/images/caravel.gif

-The very first World Maps

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.zoomvacations.com/New%2520Zoom/world%2520map.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.zoomvacations.com/travelagentmapoftours.htm&h=365&w=581&sz=65&tbnid=V_As_NSqM5kJ:&tbnh=82&tbnw=131&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bmap%2B%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

-The first Europeans in America, Asia, Southern Africa

http://www.junior.te.pt/Final/Rua/ImgA/portugal/portugueses_japao.jpg

The first circumnavigation of the planet (Magellan)

http://home.arcor.de/zu7al/Bilder/Sonnensystem/Erde/magellan%20reise.gif

The first sugar refineries[b]

[b]-Lobotomy

-SIM Cards


VIA VERDE - An autmomatic system to pay at motorway toll gates, which is being sold throughout the world(started in Portugal, now NOrway, France, etc.) and might arrive to you sooner than you think

http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/contractors/tolling/q-free/


magallanes was sailing in the name of spanish crown and he didn't circumnavigate the planet. he died in filipinas before the trip back to santa maria port(the exit and finish point), so the spanish Sebastian Elcano (the second officer on board) was the first man who circumnavigates the planet

[TeKnO_Lx]

the portuguese tool "via verde" wiil also be operational in Spain in France i think
anyway it´s a good system because alouds to cross de country without stops of anykind in peages ( besides gas of course :) )

btw it also servs to underground parkings

[DrJekyll]

Spain invented callos picantes, porrón, botijo and migas con chorizo.

[MrLove]

This is all very vain of us. But I would just like to add England/UK: English Language.

[adamybob]

Yobbo:
1-An Australian lout, the close cousin of the bogan. Much like American white trash or lummox. Their habitats usually are with female yobbos, known as Shelias and large canines usually a bull terrier breed. Often has autmated transport of a ute kind
2-A loud, inconsiderate person, usually found in groups for self preservation. Sometimes prone to violence,always found with beer and cheap smokes. Usually smell.
The "hill" at any football match of any code is the usual haunt of the Yobbo.
3-A yobbo is someone with a bush australian back groud and bad tast. Or from a poorer white australian background.
a yobbo is steve erwin(the shorts give it away!)or slim dusty.


lol doesent sound like somthing to be proud of man!



DOn't worry most of us arn't like that and many, including myself despise people like that and have nothing to do with them, that guy is just an idiot.

[Macca-GC]

^thanks. Really appreciate compliments like that. Especially when coming from dumbasses with just 4 posts who haven't been around long enough to make a proper assessment of a person's character.

Another thing unique that Australia has given to the world is a seperate charcter. This charater is dignified, judicial, generous and kind. This character also gives respect where deserved. This character knows how to have a good time, will get on with the job when needed and in the end, will do a bloody sight better than anyone else.

And like it or not, a yobbo, although not necessarily carrying the description given by wickedestcity, is a part of Australia. If you don't like it, tough shit!

[fcom1]

Italy
Pasta
pane
pizza
West urbanizzazion
Latin language
and a lot of things I can't remember

[Borini]

Brazil:

Top models
Bikinis
Planes
Racial democracy

[PC]

Finland: Sauna ;)

[Citrus-Fruit]

Just a few more for the UK

Tin Can - Peter Durand
Cat Eyes - Percy Shaw
Portland Cement - Joseph Aspdin Cordite - Sir James Dewar, Sir Frederick Abel
Corkscrews - H.S. Heeley
Crossword Puzzles - Arthur Wynne
Disc Brakes - Frederick William Lanchester
Depth Charges
Diving Equipment/Scuba Gear - John Smeaton, William James, Henry Fleuss
EKG (Underlying Principles) - Various
Electric Motor - Michael Faraday
Fax Machine - Alexander Bain
Electromagnet - William Sturgeon
Gas Mask
Dew-point Hygrometer - John Frederic Daniell
Holography
Internal Combustion Engine - Samuel Brown
Jet Engines - Sir Frank Whittle
Kelvin Scale - Lord William Thomson Kelvin
Metal Lathe - Henry Maudslay invented the first in 1797.
Lawn Mower - Edwin Beard Budding
Lightbulbs - Humphry Davy, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, James Bowman Lindsay
Locomotive - Richard Trevithick
Power Loom - Edmund Cartwright
Penicillin - Alexander Fleming
Penny Farthing - James Starley
Periodic Table - John Newlands Periscope - Sir Howard Grubb
Polyester - John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson
Puckle Gun - John Puckle
Radar Locating of Aircraft - Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt
Radio (Underlying Principles) - James Clerk Maxwell Rubber Bands - Stephen Perry
Rubber Masticator - Thomas Hancock
Seed Drill - Jethro Tull
Seismometer - James Forbes
Seismograph - John Milne, Sir James Alfred Ewing, Thomas Gray
Sewing Machines - Thomas Saint
Shrapnel - Henry Shrapnel
Steam Engine - Thomas Savery, Thomas Newcomen, James Watt Steel Production - Sir Henry Bessemer
Submarine - William Bourne,
Spinning Jenny - James Hargreaves
Spinning Frame - Richard Arkwright
Spinning Mule - Samuel Crompton
Television - John Logie Baird
Thermos - Sir James Dewar
Toilet Paper - British Perforated Paper Company Torpedo - Robert Whitehead 1866
Umbrella (steel-ribbed) - Samuel Fox
Universal Joint - Robert Hooke (also Iris Diaphragm, Balance Spring) Vacuum Cleaner - Hubert Cecil Booth
Viagra - Peter Dunn, Albert Wood, Dr Nicholas Terrett
Wacky Inventions - Arthur Paul Pedrick
Waterproof Fabric - Charles Macintosh
World Wide Web - Tim Berners-Lee

[chymera00]

I'm pretty sure no other country can beat Brittain ... So, I'm just gonna post some achievements my country contributed to human civilization, most (or all) of which I know you are not aware of ...

THE PHILIPPINES
http://wowphilippines.com.ph/images/wow/main_pic/wonders.jpg

*The Fluorescent Lamp -Agapito Flores
*The Yo-Yo -Pedro Flores, a Filipino, originated and introduced the U.S. manufactured yo-yo
*Karaoke -Roberto del Rosario
*“Wonderful gift of the Spirit . . . to the world” in the form of People Power I (Bloodless Revolution)
*Coconuts (Largest exporter)
*Arnis - Filipino Martial Arts using Sticks
*Graphical User Interface (GUI) - Diosdado Banatao
*Polio vaccine - Using Philippine Monkeys
*Erythromycin - Abelardo Aguilar
*Banana Catsup and the Pineapple Vinegar - Maria Ylagan Orosa of the Philippines.
*IR8, the 1966 strain of the rice variety that launched Asia's "Green Revolution and -Dr. Ricardo Lantican
*Quink Pen Ink -Francisco Quisumbing
*Water-powered car and prototype in 1969 (Runs on Tap water and not on liquid hydrogen, which most car manufacturers use) - Daniel Dingel
*TV-telephone (videophone) - Dr. Gregorio Zara (He also made a plane that runs on alcohol
*Lunar Rover or moon buggy - Eduardo San Juan
*One-chip video camera - Marc Loinaz

There's more ...

[George W. Bush]

I'm pretty sure no other country can beat Brittain ... So, I'm just gonna post some achievements my country contributed to human civilization, most (or all) of which I know you are not aware of ...

*Water-powered car and prototype in 1969 (Runs on Tap water and not on liquid hydrogen, which most car manufacturers use) - Daniel Dingel
Etc.

I'm speechless!
:eek2:

;)

[chymera00]

I'm speechless!
:eek2:

;)

Water-Powered Car
For more than three decades now, Daniel Dingel has been claiming that his car can run with water as fuel. An article from the Philippine Daily Inquirer said that Dingle built his engine as early as 1969. Dingel built a car reactor that uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to split the ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen components. The hydrogen can then be used to power the car engine.

Dingel said that a number of foreign car companies have expressed interest in his invention. The officials of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) have dismissed Dingel's water-powered car as a hoax. In return, Dingel accused them of conspiring with oil producing countries. Dingel, however, was the not the only man on earth who is testing water as an alternative fuel. American inventors Rudolf Gunnerman and Stanley Meyer and the researchers of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory have been pursuing similar experiments.

[George W. Bush]

Water-Powered Car
For more than three decades now, Daniel Dingel has been claiming that his car can run with water as fuel. An article from the Philippine Daily Inquirer said that Dingle built his engine as early as 1969. Dingel built a car reactor that uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to split the ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen components. The hydrogen can then be used to power the car engine.

Dingel said that a number of foreign car companies have expressed interest in his invention. The officials of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) have dismissed Dingel's water-powered car as a hoax. In return, Dingel accused them of conspiring with oil producing countries. Dingel, however, was the not the only man on earth who is testing water as an alternative fuel. American inventors Rudolf Gunnerman and Stanley Meyer and the researchers of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory have been pursuing similar experiments.
Not that I wouldn't love to see that, but what is the source of energy?
If it is not combustion, and it cannot be that because water already is "burned hydrogen", then it could only be nuclear fusion of the water hydrogen or nuclear fission of the water oxygen, but the latter would absorbe rather than emit energy. So is it "cold fusion"?

[George W. Bush]

Not that I wouldn't love to see that, but what is the source of energy?
If it is not combustion, and it cannot be that because water already is "burned hydrogen", then it could only be nuclear fusion of the water hydrogen or nuclear fission of the water oxygen, but the latter would absorbe rather than emit energy. So is it "cold fusion"?

Didn't read this part:
Dingel built a car reactor that uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to split the ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen components. The hydrogen can then be used to power the car engine.
Possible if the battery has enough Amperes but then why not power the car's motor directly via the battery? In any case the energy source is the battery and not the water.

[Joris Goedhart]

From Holland:
Joint Ventures (BV's we call it like, VOC)
And Industry, we where the first.
Before england came with steam-energy we use wind energie to produce things on massive cale (our famous windmills).
And besides that a zillion science discoveries.

[,Samantha]

We invented the crane, lawnmower, photocopier and ofcourse cadbury

[KulasKusgan]

skilled workforce

&

banana chips

[Citrus-Fruit]

We invented the crane, lawnmower, photocopier and ofcourse cadbury

Umm Cadbury?

Cadbury is a Birmingham chocolate - AKA BOURNVILLE - or are you living in the UK?

[easysurfer]

^ lol yea, computer and www. is wrong for sure!

many are wrong, also 1 thing im sure of, hovercraft is japanise
Please don't comment on the validity of british inventions if you haven't got a clue what you are talking about. The hovercraft is one of those CERTAIN british inventions created from a vision through to design and into production. Where did japan come from. Just a random country you thought is good at inventions???

[Jonesy55]

Not that I wouldn't love to see that, but what is the source of energy?
If it is not combustion, and it cannot be that because water already is "burned hydrogen", then it could only be nuclear fusion of the water hydrogen or nuclear fission of the water oxygen, but the latter would absorbe rather than emit energy. So is it "cold fusion"?

Or does it run on plain b*llsh*t?

[chymera00]

Possible if the battery has enough Amperes but then why not power the car's motor directly via the battery? In any case the energy source is the battery and not the water.

Huh? I dunno waht you mean but battery wont last for more than 100km

According to him, his reactor uses electricity from a 12-volt car battery to transform saltwater or ordinary tap water with salt into deuterium oxide or heavy water, which is chiefly used as a coolant for nuclear reactors. Deuterium is actually a hydrogen isotope with twice the mass of ordinary hydrogen, and heavy water is produced when the hydrogen atoms in H2O are replaced with deuterium.

"The electricity from the battery splits the water into its hydrogen and oxygen components, and this hydrogen can then be used to power the car engine. Normally it takes temperatures of about 5,400 degrees Fahrenheit to generate hydrogen from water, but here I am just using an ordinary 12-volt battery," he claimed.

Just how this kind of chemical reaction is possible using an ordinary car battery is, of course, the secret behind Dingel's invention--and the kind of claim that leads people to dismiss him as a crackpot and charlatan. In fact, while hydrogen is being touted as a viable alternative fuel in the US and other countries, these prototypes do not make use of ICEs but fuel cell engines, nor do they run on ordinary water but on liquid hydrogen.


@Jonesy55 - I highly doubt that its run onbullshit ... The inventor wouldn't have spent decades trying to "sell" his invention if it was a hoax. You'll be surprised at how we Filipinos can be very ingenuitive, it is a lack of support from our Gov't that Filipino inventors dont get the global recognition they deserve ... It is a sad truth that our scientists are forced to sell their ideas to foreign companies, and so they get all the attention ...

[Jonesy55]

@Jonesy55 - I highly doubt that its run onbullshit ... The inventor wouldn't have spent decades trying to "sell" his invention if it was a hoax. You'll be surprised at how we Filipinos can be very ingenuitive, it is a lack of support from our Gov't that Filipino inventors dont get the global recognition they deserve ... It is a sad truth that our scientists are forced to sell their ideas to foreign companies, and so they get all the attention ...

But if it really worked he would be a multi-billionaire by now.

[Томић]

Umm Cadbury?

Cadbury is a Birmingham chocolate - AKA BOURNVILLE - or are you living in the UK?

no she's ozi, cadbury is like the major major chocolate brand here and u see it everywhere, not a suprise y an ozi wud think its australian but yeh no it aint.tho it kinda is :D

[Jonesy55]

History of Cadbury (http://www.cadburyschweppes.com/EN/AboutUs/Heritage/cadbury.htm)

I've seen Canadians on this forum trying to claim Cadbury too, it's ours, hands off! :soapbox:

[George W. Bush]

I'm not belittling Filipino ingenuity, but in this one case it is definitively a hoax because it would amount to a physically impossible perpetuum mobile.

If the sole energy source for the hydrolysis (the "splitting" of water) is the battery you cannot expect to gain more energy from the subsequent hydrogen combustion than you invested through the battery (in fact it will give you less). That's because I guess that the energy conservation laws hold as much in the Philippines as in the rest of the universe.

But there is an extremely slight chance to gain energy if you manage to achieve a nuclear fusion of the hydrogen. For practical reasons it would have to be a "cold fusion", a phenomenon whose existence hasn't been verified so far.

BTW jonesy was closer to the truth because one can indeed power a car with bullshit. Shit is combustible, unfortunately the energy yield per mass unit is rather low.

[Томић]

History of Cadbury (http://www.cadburyschweppes.com/EN/AboutUs/Heritage/cadbury.htm)

I've seen Canadians on this forum trying to claim Cadbury too, it's ours, hands off! :soapbox:


as u can see, australia is the first overseas market,

1914-1918 Trade overseas increases and the first overseas Cadbury factory opens near Hobart, Tasmania, to supply the Australian market.

____
http://www.cadbury.com.au

[Diboto]

From Holland:
Joint Ventures (BV's we call it like, VOC)
And Industry, we where the first.
Before england came with steam-energy we use wind energie to produce things on massive cale (our famous windmills).
And besides that a zillion science discoveries.

Guy guys also invented something very revolutionary: the CD, by Phillips, I believe, which is one of the main multinational companies from the Netherlands.

[Jonesy55]

as u can see, australia is the first overseas market,

1914-1918 Trade overseas increases and the first overseas Cadbury factory opens near Hobart, Tasmania, to supply the Australian market.

____
http://www.cadbury.com.au

Yes, 90 years after the company was founded in Birmingham.

[Mansoor786]

actually zero was invented by arab, ITS A FACT, and their are lots more in ur list that r not by india

[Mansoor786]

The sport POLO was invented in Pakistan

[Roland]

Dutch inventions and contributions:

- first multinational
- ice skates (and more recently the clap skate)
- plaster for medical purposes
- "magic lantern" (projector)
- windmill
- binocular
- first international newspaper
- sextant
- first perfectly round football
- microscope
- compact disc
- mercury thermometer
- pendulum clock
- ...

[innoncent_monster]

^ Mansoor,

Zero was invented by Indian mathematician Aryabhatta , not arabs
.
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Zero.html

Google "zero discovery" and see for yourself



polo originated in Persia in the 6th century.;
It was later on revived in British India in 19th century in manipur, a North Eastern state in India.

Some other facts about the game:

* The oldest royal polo square is the 16th century Maidan-Shah in Isfahan, Iran.
* The oldest Polo Club in the world still in existence is the Calcutta Polo Club (1862).


http://www.answers.com/polo&r=67

[Roland]

Cultural contribution:

In 1664, the entirety of New Netherland was taken by the British, and under Governor Edmond Andros, New Netherland became New York. The era of Dutch ownership had ended, but the Dutch culture had taken a firm hold in the area, giving way to many of the traditions and institutions we now know today. In later years, the British colonialists would create their own melody in the symphony that is the Hudson Valley, but we can thank the Dutch for giving them the notes.source: The Deflowering of a Valley: Dutch in the Hudson (http://www.marist.edu/summerscholars/97/colony1.htm)

[CborG]

Yep, we gave the world NYC :)

Holland was also the first republic in the world

[Rigadon]

History of Cadbury (http://www.cadburyschweppes.com/EN/AboutUs/Heritage/cadbury.htm)

I've seen Canadians on this forum trying to claim Cadbury too, it's ours, hands off! :soapbox:


Funnyily enough I went to a talk only a coupel of weeks agi by the head of trade marks and branding at cadbury and he mentioned that they were named the no 1 brand in Austrlaia in a survey and that they now delibrately play on the fact that most Ausrtalians consider it a native brand.

[DarkFenX]

spain:

-discoverment of america
-helicopter
-submarine
-chupa chups (if you don't no what it is look at the picture below)
http://tunafish.hp.infoseek.co.jp/ChupaChups4.jpg
http://www.oldtimecandy.com/images/candypix-pages/chupa-chups1_small.jpg
http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~alexgw/Italy/preview/chupa_chups_dispenser.jpg
-kitchen-maid,malkin
-spanish arts (gaudí,cervantes,picasso...)
I know this quote is way back then but isn't the Vikings the one who discovered Americas?

[panamared]

the panama canal

[DrJekyll]

I know this quote is way back then but isn't the Vikings the one who discovered Americas?

No, it was the native Asians that crossed the Bering channel 30 thousand years ago. But, what a coincidence, half Americas speak Spanish nowadays.

[Petronius]

magallanes was sailing in the name of spanish crown and he didn't circumnavigate the planet. he died in filipinas before the trip back to santa maria port(the exit and finish point), so the spanish Sebastian Elcano (the second officer on board) was the first man who circumnavigates the planet


bollocks

this was already argued in here before
Magalhães/Magellan was PORTUGUESE, and he circumnavigated the world, being the first one to do that, he sailed for "Spain", because he was accused of treachery in Portugal. He learned how to sail and all his geography in Lisbon thugh, like most people did by then anyway.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan

[Hiram]

From the link posted by pedrocid:

"Ferdinand Magellan (Spring 1480 – April 27, 1521; Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães; Spanish: Fernando/Hernando de Magallanes) was a Portuguese sea explorer who sailed for Spain. He was the first to sail from Europe westwards to Asia, the first European to sail the Pacific Ocean, and the first to lead an expedition for the purpose of circumnavigating the globe. Though Magellan himself died in the Philippines and never returned to Europe, 18 members of the crew and one ship of the fleet returned to Spain in 1522, having circumnavigated the globe."

So Willo was right and Pedrocid is wrong.

[Ning]

The metric system.

[Petronius]

From the link posted by pedrocid:

"Ferdinand Magellan (Spring 1480 – April 27, 1521; Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães; Spanish: Fernando/Hernando de Magallanes) was a Portuguese sea explorer who sailed for Spain. He was the first to sail from Europe westwards to Asia, the first European to sail the Pacific Ocean, and the first to lead an expedition for the purpose of circumnavigating the globe. Though Magellan himself died in the Philippines and never returned to Europe, 18 members of the crew and one ship of the fleet returned to Spain in 1522, having circumnavigated the globe."

So Willo was right and Pedrocid is wrong.


someone has stated here that he'd actually been in the Phillipines before , having sailed west-easat in order to get there, and therefore he did go across the globe , circumnavigating it. Besides, it was HIS expedition, HIs idea , therefore i think he deserves the title more than any other. He's known worldwide for that. So what you said is still bollocks.

[Petronius]

The metric system.

great invention!

[DoctorZero2]

actually zero was invented by arab, ITS A FACT, and their are lots more in ur list that r not by india
Let me get a bit philosophical.

I don't understand how anybody can "invent" a number. One can invent the notations like the decimal, binary, octal, sexagesimal etc. notations, i.e. ways to write down numbers. But invent numbers itself? And if yes, who invented all the other numbers? Why was it harder to grasp the concept of "zeroness" than the concepts of "oneness", "twoness", "threeness" ... ? The "nothing" isn't really such an abstract concept. :)

[Petronius]

More Portuguese achievements:

NAVIGATION

-The first Europeans to get to the Indian Ocean through the Atlantic Ocean (known as the sea-route to India) - Vasco da Gama
-The First Europeans in Japan
-The first Europeans in Oceania (Australia, Indonesia, etc.)
-The first Europeans in South-America(Brazil) and in North-America (Newfoundland)

AVIATION

-The first to cross the South-Atlantic ocean on a plane.(Lisbon-Rio de Janeiro and back)



SOCIAL

-The Portuguese invented the "mulatto". Portugal was the very first country in the world to promote interracial marriages

SCIENCE

-The first Hippopotamus in Europe
-The first systematic studies of tropical plants and vegetation
-The first systematic studies on Tropical Diseases (like cholera in India, for instance)
-Cerebral arteriography using X-Rays (Tumor detections, etc.)

[willo]

more from spain:

we took the potatoes/tomatos and chocolate among other products to europe

[Arpels]

someone has stated here that he'd actually been in the Phillipines before , having sailed west-easat in order to get there, and therefore he did go across the globe , circumnavigating it. Besides, it was HIS expedition, HIs idea , therefore i think he deserves the title more than any other. He's known worldwide for that. So what you said is still bollocks.
the Spanish Sebastian D'elcano finish this trip around the globe after Magellan died in Philipines.

[Petronius]

more from spain:

we took the potatoes/tomatos and chocolate among other products to europe

not chocolate though.

[Petronius]

ah , and the Portuguese brought tobacco to Europe. I don't know if that can be considered an achievement though.

[Petronius]

the Spanish Sebastian D'elcano finish this trip around the globe after Magellan died in Philipines.

yeas, but Magellan had already been in the Philippines sailing from West, I got there sailing from East which means he actually completed a round trip around the globe. Besides what does that matter, it was HIS trip not Sebastian Del Cano ; he probably didn't even know how to sail

[tkr]

Where is Germany here? That's one of the most important countries of our age. It has LOTS of inventions and contributions.

[Arichis]

Seeing as this has now become a contest of “lists” and I certainly didn’t want to leave the impression that the most worthwhile Italian contribution to civilization was PIZZA (though it is quite good!!!). So here is a less than exhaustive list of contributions to humanity which originated or were perfected in Italy:

- legal system (Roman Law)
- paved roads and our modern conception of a road system
- the arch, vault and dome (architecture)
- cement
- indoor plumbing
- centralized heating
- the Roman alphabet (derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabet)
- “modern” fiction (the Satyricon by Petronius is considered to be the 1st modern novel)
- catapult (invented by Dionysius of Syracuse, Sicily & improved by Mariano Taccola of Siena)
- musical notation (Boethius, Guido d’Arezzo)
- opera (Florentine camerata)
- humanism (Italian Renaissance)
- the scientific method (Galileo Galilei)
- the electric battery (Alessandro Volta)
- exploration of the world (Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Giovanni da Veranzano etc. )
- first modern university (University of Bologna, 1088 AD – Alma Mater Studiorum)
- first “state” (i.e. non-religious) university (Frederick II University of Naples, 1224 AD)
- bank (from the Italian “banco” meaning the table on which early Renaissance bankers did their trade; world’s oldest bank is the “Monte dei Paschi di Siena”)
- punctuation (Aldus Manutuis)
- the modern calendar (both our modern “Gregorian” as well as the former “Julian”)
- wireless telegraph and trans-Atlantic broadcasting (Guglielmo Marconi)
- double entry accounting (Luca Pacioli)
- early conceptualization of the helicopter, airport, parachute, tanks, machine guns etc. (Leonardo da Vinci)
- perspective in modern painting (the Renaissance)
- universal joint (1545: Girolamo Cardano)
- thermometer (Galileo Galilei)
- hydrostatic balance (Galileo Galilei)
- anemometer (Leon Battista Alberti)
- barometer (Evangelista Torricelli)
- centrifugal pump (Leonardo da Vinci)
- eyeglasses (uncertain either by Salvino d’Armate or Alessandro Spina)
- the use of tableware (Catherine de Medici introduced the use of the fork to the French court)
- the piano (1720: Bartolomeo Cristofori)
- 1st to abolish the death penalty (1786: Grand Duchy of Tuscany based on philosophy of Cesare Beccaria)
- electroplating (1805: Luigi Brugnatelli)
- first typewriter proven to have worked (1808: Pellegrino Turri)
- carbon paper (1808: Pellegrino Turri)
- condom (Gabriele Fallopio – you know of Fallopian tube fame )
- nitroglycerin (1846: Ascanio Sobrero)
- early fax machine (1862: the “pantelegraph” by Giovanni Caselli)
- the telephone (1871: Antonio Meucci was recognized as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress, in its resolution 269 dated 11 June 2002.)
- hydrofoil (1900: Enrico Forlanini)
- the Montessori Method of teaching
- nuclear reactor (1st built by Enrico Fermi based on work by Fermi, Emilio Segrè, Ettore Majorana)
- theory of beta decay and slow neutrons (Enrico Fermi)
- three-way light bulb (Alessandro Dandini)
- discovery of W and Z particles in sub-particle physics (Carlo Rubbia)

But most important of all what would humanity be without ...
- Kinder Eggs & Nutella!!!

[DrJekyll]

yeas, but Magellan had already been in the Philippines sailing from West, I got there sailing from East which means he actually completed a round trip around the globe. Besides what does that matter, it was HIS trip not Sebastian Del Cano ; he probably didn't even know how to sail

:hahaha:

te quiero, Pedrocid

[Roland]

Let me get a bit philosophical.

I don't understand how anybody can "invent" a number. One can invent the notations like the decimal, binary, octal, sexagesimal etc. notations, i.e. ways to write down numbers. But invent numbers itself? And if yes, who invented all the other numbers? Why was it harder to grasp the concept of "zeroness" than the concepts of "oneness", "twoness", "threeness" ... ? The "nothing" isn't really such an abstract concept. :)
You cannot physically give someone zero apples for instance. Simple counting starts with 1. Nothingness on itself isn't that abstract but a number for it was quite extraordinary. Zero therefor isn't 'just' a number.

[Melb99]

Here is a REAL list of Australian/aboriginal inventions. Not bullshit like iv'e seen.

Ahem*

Aboriginal
Stone tools - Aboriginal people are thought to be the first to use ground edges on stone cutting tools and the first to use stone tools to grind seeds.
Boomerang - a throwing stick used for many purposes whose design allows it to return to the (skilled) thrower.
Woomera - a spear throwing holder that acts as an extension of the arm thus allowing greater power and range for the spear. "Woomera" was adopted as an appropriate name for the rocket launching range and associated settlement in outback South Australia.
Didgeridoo - a musical instrument whose sound is immediately recognisable. It first appeared 2,000 or more years ago and at the time of European arrival was used in the north western corner of Australia.
See also Why are there so few Aboriginal inventions?


The stump-jump plough
The Combine Harvester
The Sarich Engine
Wave Piercing Catamaran
The 'Diff' (differential gears)
The 'Ute'
Black Box Flight Recorder
Variable Ratio Rack & Pinion Steering
Premix cement truck
Hills Hoist - first rotary washing line
The Electric Drill
Kiwi Shoe Polish
The Two Stroke Lawn Mower
Latex Gloves
The notepad
Telephane
The Record Changer
Shepherd's Castors
Pre-paid Postage
Xerox Photocopying
Plastic Bank Notes
Blast Glass
Refrigeration
Vegemite
Wine Cask
The Vertically Integrated Migration Service
The Australian Ballot (Secret Ballot)
Electronic Pacemaker
Penicillin
The Bionic Ear
Aspro
Calyx Drill
Flotation Process
Thrust Bearing
Australian Rules Football
The Teleprinter
The Pedal Wireless

All titles are undisputed, research if in doubt.

Melb99

[I'mBack]

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer
- www.
- Jet engine
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces
- Flushing toilet
- Cement
- Cloning
- CAT scan

The telephone was actually invented by Antonio Meucci (Italian) :bash:

[Citrus-Fruit]

... "In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph" ...

[Citrus-Fruit]

The telephone was actually invented by Antonio Meucci (Italian) :bash:

sssshhhhhhhhhhhhhh ...

[Anniyan]

POWER OF NON-VIOLENCE

http://img267.echo.cx/img267/6131/gandhi4yj.jpg (http://www.imageshack.us)

http://img98.echo.cx/img98/3085/gandhi17kn.jpg (http://www.imageshack.us)


http://img206.echo.cx/img206/4720/gandhimahatmaportrait40043151v.jpg (http://www.imageshack.us)

[aussiescraperman]

has anyone said that Australia invented the LAWNMOWER

[Citrus-Fruit]

has anyone said that Australia invented the LAWNMOWER


umm ...

... "It was Budding, an engineer from Stroud in Gloucestershire, who invented the lawnmower in 1830. He got the idea from a local cloth mill, which used a cutting cylinder to trim fabric. His early machines were made of cast iron and featured a large rear roller and a cutting cylinder - remarkably like modern push-mowers" ...

[Sitback]

The Brits did it all. I thought the Brits invented the TV as well or am I well off?

[Chibcha2k]

the Malaria Vaccine

[Facial]

You cannot physically give someone zero apples for instance. Simple counting starts with 1. Nothingness on itself isn't that abstract but a number for it was quite extraordinary. Zero therefor isn't 'just' a number.

Exactly. Zero is a concept, but it was embraced widely by the Indians and Mayans first, independently.

[Citrus-Fruit]

The Brits did it all. I thought the Brits invented the TV as well or am I well off?

Britain, Russia and America all had significant inputs into the production of modern day television, but the first pictures ever shown were in Selfridges Depratment Store in Oxford Street, London.

[algonquin]

an abbreviated list of Canadian invention... I'll highlight the interesting ones. I can't vouch for it's accuracy, as I pulled it off the net (obviously :) )

acrylics (Plexiglas/Perspex/Lucite) - William Chalmers
Actar 911 CPR Dummy - Dianne Croteau, Richard Brault and Jonathan Vinden
air-conditioned railway coach - Henry Ruttan (1858)
antigravity suit - Wilbur R. Franks (1940)
Balderdash - Laura Robinson and Paul Toyne (1984)
basketball - James Naismith (1892)
batteryless radio (AC radio tube) - Edward Samuel Rogers Sr. (1925)
bovril
butter substitute
Canadarm - SPAR and the National Aeronautical Establishment (1981)
calcium carbide and acetylene gas (production of) - Thomas L. "Carbide" Wilson (1892)
carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) blood test - Dr. Phil Gold (1968)
cardiac intensive care unit (first)
cobalt bomb - University of Saskatchewan and Eldorado Mining and Refining (1951)
compound marine engine - Benjamin Franklin Tibbets compound revolving
computerized braille
crash position indicator (C.P.I) - Harry T. Stevinson and David M. Makow (1959)



dental mirror
disintegrating plastic
ear piercer
electric cooking range - Thomas Ahearn (1882)
electric hand prosthesis for children - Helmut Lukas (1971)
electric wheelchair - George J. Klein
electron microscope - Prof. E. F. Burton and Cecil Hall, James Hillier and Albert Prebus (late 1930s)
electronic wave organ - Frank Morse Robb (1927)
explosives vapour detector - Dr Lorne Elias (1990)
fathometer - Reginald Fessenden
film developing tank
five pin bowling - Thomas E. Ryan (1909)
foghorn - Robert Foulis (1854)
frozen fish - Dr. Archibald G. Huntsman (1926)



garbage bag (green plastic) - Harry Wasyluk and Larry Hanson (1950s)
Gestalt Photo Mapper - G. Hobrough (1975)
gingerale - John J. McLaughlin (1904)
goalie mask - Jacques Plante (1959)
Green ink - Thomas Sterry Hunt (1862)
hair tonic
heart valve operation (first)
helicopter trap (for landing on ships)
helium as a substitute for hydrogen in airships
hockey
hydrofoil boat - Alexander Graham Bell and Casey Baldwin (1908)
IMAX - Grahame Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr (1968)
instant potato flakes - Dr. Edward Asselbegs and the Food Research Institute (1962)
insulation
insulin (as diabetes treatment) - Dr. Frederick Banting, Dr. Charles Best and Dr. Collip (1921)



Java - James Gosling
Jetline
jolly jumper - Olivia Poole
kerosene - Abraham Gesner (1840)
lacrosse - played since the 1600s; William George Beers set out standard rules (1860)
laser (sailboat) - Bruce Kirby, Ian Bruce and Hans Fogh (1969)
lightbulb (first patented) - Henry Woodward (1874)
liposomes



machine gun tracer bullet
MacPherson gas mask
measure for footwear
Muskol
Newtsuit - Phil Nuytten
newsprint - Charles Fenerty (1838)
Nursing Mother Breast Pads - Marsha Skrypuch (1986)



pablum - Drs. Alan Brown, Fred Tisdall, and Theo Drake (1930s)
pacemaker - Wilfred Bigelow
paint roller - Norman Breakey (1940)
panoramic camera - John Connon (1887)
Phi (position homing indicator for aircraft)
Pictionary - Rob Angel (1986)
portable high chair
radar profile recorder - NRC (1947)
radio compass
retractable beer carton handle (Tuck-away-handle Beer Carton) - Steve Pasjac (1957)
rollerskate



screw propeller
ski-binding
snowblower - Arthur Sicard (1927)
snowmobile - Joseph-Armand Bombardier (1937)
snowplow (rotary) - invented by J.W. Elliot (1869), first built by Leslie Brothers (1883)
steam foghorn
standard time - Sir Sanford Fleming (1879)
Stol aircraft - de Havilland Canada (1948)
submarine telegraph cable
Superman - Joe Shuster and Jerome Siegel (1938)
table hockey - Donald Munro (1930s)
telephone - Alexander Graham Bell (1874)
Trivial Pursuit - Chris Haney, John Haney and Scott Abbott (1982)


Winnie the Pooh
variable Pitch Propeller - Wallace Rupert Turnbull (1918)
Walkie-Talkie - Donald L. Hings (1942)
washing machine
wirephoto - Sir William Stephenson (1921)
Yachtzee
the zipper - Gideon Sundback (1913)

[Sikario]

Every single invention ever invented has been listed 6 or 7 times so instead -

The UK gave the world... The Spice Girls (Who were technically inventions anyway) aren't you glad the UK gave you Girl Power? ... No?

I think we've now established that every country on the planet invented the plane (or at least that's what everyone is claiming). Although rumour has it an old, rather insane man living in a shed on the Potato Islands first had a dream about flying a plane so I'll give the credit to him.

Ahh yes, us Brits gave the world sarcasm :D

[Sikario]

Errm double post.

We didn't invent them :bash:

[I'mBack]

... "In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph" ...

in June 2002 Meucci was officially credited by the US House of Representatives (Resolution 269) [1] (http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_cong_bills&docid=f:hr269ih.txt.pdf) with the invention of the telephone, instead of Alexander Graham Bell. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone

Italy hailed the redress of a historic injustice yesterday after the US Congress recognised an impoverished Florentine immigrant as the inventor of the telephone rather than Alexander Graham Bell.
Historians and Italian-Americans won their battle to persuade Washington to recognise a little-known mechanical genius, Antonio Meucci, as a father of modern communications, 113 years after his death.

The vote by the House of Representatives prompted joyous claims in Meucci's homeland that finally Bell had been outed as a perfidious Scot who found fortune and fame by stealing another man's work. http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,738675,00.html


sssshhhhhhhhhhhhhh ...

ssssshhhhhhhhhhhhhh ..... :D

[Citrus-Fruit]

in June 2002 Meucci was officially credited by the US House of Representatives (Resolution 269) [1] (http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_cong_bills&docid=f:hr269ih.txt.pdf) with the invention of the telephone, instead of Alexander Graham Bell. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone

Italy hailed the redress of a historic injustice yesterday after the US Congress recognised an impoverished Florentine immigrant as the inventor of the telephone rather than Alexander Graham Bell.
Historians and Italian-Americans won their battle to persuade Washington to recognise a little-known mechanical genius, Antonio Meucci, as a father of modern communications, 113 years after his death.

The vote by the House of Representatives prompted joyous claims in Meucci's homeland that finally Bell had been outed as a perfidious Scot who found fortune and fame by stealing another man's work. http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,738675,00.html




ssssshhhhhhhhhhhhhh ..... :D

What because the Americans say so, dont be so silly ... sssssssshhhhhhhh

[I'mBack]

What because the Americans say so, dont be so silly ... sssssssshhhhhhhh

Yeah, you are right, I've been silly because I believe Americans and not Brits! :bash: SSSSSSSSSSSSHHHHHHHHH

[Sitback]

Graham Bell was the man who invented the first truly workable prototype of the telephone, he was the inventor of the logic behind the phones we use today, OK!!!!

British invention deal with it.

[I'mBack]

Graham Bell was the man who invented the first truly workable prototype of the telephone, he was the inventor of the logic behind the phones we use today, OK!!!!

British invention deal with it.

Bell applied for his patent of the telephone on the 1876, Antonio Meucci began developing the design of a talking telegraph or telephone in 1849!!!. In 1871, he filed a caveat (an announcement of an invention) for his design of a talking telegraph. Due to hardships, Meucci could not renew his caveat. His role in the invention of the telephone was overlooked until the United States House of Representatives passed a Resolution on June 11, 2002, honoring Meucci's contributions and work .

:| LEARN THE FACTS AND ... DEAL WITH IT! :bash: :cheers:

PS: I suggest you as well to have a read to this article too:

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_Antonio_Meucci.htm

[Chewbacca]

Every single invention ever invented has been listed 6 or 7 times so instead -

The UK gave the world... The Spice Girls (Who were technically inventions anyway) aren't you glad the UK gave you Girl Power? ... No?

I think we've now established that every country on the planet invented the plane (or at least that's what everyone is claiming). Although rumour has it an old, rather insane man living in a shed on the Potato Islands first had a dream about flying a plane so I'll give the credit to him.

Ahh yes, us Brits gave the world sarcasm :D

sarcasm was invented by joseph goebbels, when he asked ze germans "wollt ihr den totalen krieg?"

unfortunately he was was waaay ahead of his time then....

[Quezalcoatl26]

By the way the tank is a french invention not a british invention. The british fielded the first tank in battle but we produce the first prototype . Plus the first fighter plane is also french, it was basically a plane with a machine gun and Roland Garros the first fighter pilot.

[Jonesy55]

Plus the first fighter plane is also french, it was basically a plane with a machine gun and Roland Garros the first fighter pilot.

So he wasn't a tennis player then? Oh, yes the UK invented Lawn Tennis as we know it today (with a little help from the French along the way of course ;) ).

[Peyre]

Most important contributions to human civillisation:
- Modern political ideology
- Industrialisation
- Globalisation
- Greatest prolonged democratic and economic contribution after the diffusion of the Empire (eg largest democracy on the planet: India, etc)
- English: the world's first trully global language
- London: the city of cities

Other important, but not as siginificant inventions as the ones above (in my humble opinion):
- Computer
- www.
- Jet engine
- Tank
- Radar
- Aircraft carrier
- Antibiotics
- Ball bearing
- Telephone
- Discovering DNA + DNA fingerprinting
- Elastic
- Rubber band
- Soft drinks (ie what Coke is)
- Silicone
- Fax Machine
- Mass-vaccination
- Thermos
- Fuel cell
- Sunglasses
- Xmas greeting card
- IVF
- Train
- Vaccum Cleaner
- Maglev
- Hovercraft
- Matches
- Stainless steel
- Particle Accelerator
- Shoelaces
- Flushing toilet
- Cement
- Cloning
- CAT scan


don't forget Underground Transportation Systems.

Theres literally hundreds more.

[[Everywhen]]

my country didnt do or contributed nothing to world's civilization at all

neither latin america....but lets see what other countries of the region might have done to contribute

argentina - none that i know

bolivia - none

colombia - none that i know

ecuador - none that i know

brazil - none that i know

chile - none that i know

venezuela - none that i know

uruguay - none that i know

central america - none that i know

mexico - none that i know

paraguay - none that i know

cuba - fidel castro (lol.) none that i know

[Lostboy]

We have an underground tunnel linking us to Peru, and are the nation that invented the cat.

[[Everywhen]]

We have an underground tunnel linking us to Peru, and are the nation that invented the cat.

:? :?

[defi]

We have an underground tunnel linking us to Peru, and are the nation that invented the cat.



http://people.bu.edu/billr/squeaks.gif

???

[Fern]

and are the nation that invented the cat.
And thought it'd been the egyptian!! :D

[[Everywhen]]

And thought it'd been the egyptian!! :D

yeah sure!!!!!!! lol.!!!!!!!!! and the australians created the kangaroos..... :sleepy:

[Sitback]

Bell applied for his patent of the telephone on the 1876, Antonio Meucci began developing the design of a talking telegraph or telephone in 1849!!!. In 1871, he filed a caveat (an announcement of an invention) for his design of a talking telegraph. Due to hardships, Meucci could not renew his caveat. His role in the invention of the telephone was overlooked until the United States House of Representatives passed a Resolution on June 11, 2002, honoring Meucci's contributions and work .

:| LEARN THE FACTS AND ... DEAL WITH IT! :bash: :cheers:

PS: I suggest you as well to have a read to this article too:

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_Antonio_Meucci.htm

You are an idiot.

The first prtotype of a working phone was made by Graham Bell. OK!!!!

Not Meucci. Deal with it sheesh.

[Sitback]

PS.

ENGLAND INVENTED FOOTBALL (SOCCER)

Greatest spot in the world.

[Estboy]

Estonia:

Swinging(sport)
Skype
Kazaa
Hotmail
...

[George W. Bush]

Seeing as this has now become a contest of “lists” and I certainly didn’t want to leave the impression that the most worthwhile Italian contribution to civilization was PIZZA (though it is quite good!!!). So here is a less than exhaustive list of contributions to humanity which originated or were perfected in Italy:

...

But most important of all what would humanity be without ...
- Kinder Eggs & Nutella!!!
Indeed a monumental feat!
I always thought of them as German products, but you're right, it's an Italian company. My favourite of the line is Raffaello, highly addictive!!

[Kasandra83]

I found it interesting!


Kazimierz Proszyński (1875 - 1945) was a Polish inventor.

In 1894, Proszyński built one of the first cinema cameras in the world. This pleograph, or apparatus for taking photographs and projecting pictures, was built before the Lumiere Brothers lodged their patent. Proszyński also made the first pocket film-camera and devised a method of synchronizing sound and film tracks.

He died in the German concentration camp of Mauthausen in 1945.


:cheers:

[aussiescraperman]

Here is one list from Australia:):

1838 Pre-paid postage - Colonial Postmaster-General of New South Wales, James Raymond introduced the world's first pre-paid postal system.

1843 Grain stripper - John Ridley and John Bull of South Australia developed the world's first grain stripper that cut the crop then removed and placed the grain into bins.

1856 Refrigerator - Using the principal of vapour compression, James Harrison produced the world's first practical refrigerator. He was commissioned by a brewery to build a machine that cooled beer.

1858 Football - In 1858 Tom Will and Henry Harrison wrote the first ten rules of Football, thus becoming the first people in the world to codify a kicking-ball game. These rules predate those of Rugby, Soccer and Gridiron. Football may have been inspired by the Aboriginal jumping/kicking game of Marn Grook.

1874 The underwater torpedo - Invented by Louis Brennan, the torpedo had two propellers, rotated by wires which were attached to winding engines on the shore station. By varying the speed at which the two wires were extracted, the torpedo could be steered to the left or right by an operator on the shore.

1876 Stump jump plough- Robert and Clarence Bowyer Smith developed a plough which could jump over stumps and stones, enabling newly-cleared land to be cultivated.

1885 Telpahane - The forerunner of the television. It was invented by Henry Sutton in Ballarat.

1879 Refrigeration - Credited with the manufacture of the first artificial ice, Eugene Nicolle and Thomas Sutcliffe Mort developed shipboard refrigeration that resulted in the export of meat from Australia to Great Britain.

1889 Electric Drill - Arthur James Arnot, patented the world's first electric drill on 20 August 1889 while he was an employee of the Union Electric Company in Melbourne. He designed it primarily to drill rock and to dig coal.

1894 First powered flight - Perhaps inspired by the boomerang, Lawrence Hargrave discovered that curved surfaces lift more than flat ones. He subsequently built the world's first box-kite, hitched four together, added an engine and flew five metres.

Hargrave corresponded freely with other aviation pioneers, including the Wright Brothers. But unlike the Americans who monopolised their ideas, Hargrave never patented his. Because it promised public access, Hargrave left all his research to the Munich Museum.

Had Hargrave gained local support to further develop his ideas and not been so generous in sharing his ideas with other aviation pioneers, he probably would have been the first person in the world to achieve sustained and controlled powered flight.

1897 Differential gears - David Shearer of South Australia built a steam car with a differential inside left rear wheel hub.

1902 Notepad -For 500 years, paper had been supplied in loose sheets. J A Birchall decided that it would be a good idea to cut the sheets into half, back them with cardboard and glue them together at the top.

1903 Froth flotation process- The process of separating minerals from rock by flotation was developed by Charles Potter and Guillaume Delprat of New South Wales.

1906 Feature film - The world's first feature length film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, was a little over an hour long.

1906 Surf life-saving reel - The first surf life-saving reel in the world was demonstrated at Bondi Beach on 23 December 1906 by its designer Lester Ormsby.

1910 Humespun process -The Humespun process was developed by Walter Hume of Humes Ltd for making concrete pipes of high strength and low permeability. The process revolutionised pipe manufacture in 1910 and has since been used around the world.

1912 The tank - A South Australian named Lance de Mole submitted a proposal, to the British War Office, for a 'chain-rail vehicle which could be easily steered and carry heavy loads over rough ground and trenches'. The British war office liked the idea but then developed the tank themselves without paying royalties.

1913 Automatic totalisator -The world's first automatic totalisator for calculating horse-racing bets was made by Sir George Julius.

1917 Aspro - A pain reliever based on aspirin was developed in Melbourne by George Nicholas. By 1940 it had become the world's most widely used headache and pain treatment.

1922 Vegemite - One of the world's richest sources of vitamin B, vegemite was invented by Dr. Cyril P. Callister. It is made by the autolysis of expired brewer's yeast: a process where the yeast's own enzymes break it down.

1924 Car radio - The first car radio was fitted to an Australian car built by Kellys Motors in New South Wales.

1927 Speedo -In 1927 Speedo launched the revolutionary 'racer-back' style, which reduced fabric drag. In 1955, Speedo introduced the use of nylon for their racing swimwear. At the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics, more than 70 per cent of all swimming medals were won by competitors wearing Speedo.

1928 Flying Doctor Service - Reverend John Flynn founded the world's first Aerial Medical Service in 1928.

1934 Ute- The utility vehicle, with a front like a car and a rear like a truck was designed by Lewis Brandt at the Ford Motor Company in Geelong, Victoria.

1940 Zinc Cream - This white sun block made from zinc oxide was developed by the Fauldings pharmaceutical company.
1942 Transverse folding stroller - Designed by Harold Cornish, the sturdy, lightweight design of his Stoway Strollers made life easier for many parents using public transport as it could be folded and placed under a tram seat.

1944 Antibiotic penicillin- Produced by Howard Florey with help from a Pome named Ernst Chain.
1945 The Hills Hoist - A rotary clothes line with a winding mechanism allowing the frame to be lowered and raised with ease. Invented by Lance Hill.

1952 Victor mower - by Mervyn Victor Richardson, the two-stroke petrol lawn mower with rotary blades revolutionised mowing world wide.

1950s Lagerphone- The lagerphone is a musical instrument made by nailing beer caps onto a stick. It is not known who invented it, but in the 50s it was popularised by the Heathcote Bushwackers as an alternative to the American wobbleboard.

1952 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer -Atomic absorption spectrophotometer is a complex analytical instrument incorporating micro-computer electronics and precision optics and mechanics, used in chemical analysis to determine low concentrations of metals in a wide variety of substances. It was first developed by Sir Alan Walsh of the CSIRO.

1953 Solar hot water - Developed by R N Morse at the CSIRO

1957 Flame ionisation detector -The flame ionisation detector is one of the most accurate instruments ever developed for the detection of emissions. It was invented by Ian McWilliam. The instrument, which can measure one part in 10 million, has been used in chemical analysis in the petrochemical industry, medical and biochemical research, and in the monitoring of the environment.

1957 Trousers with a permeant crease - The process for producing permanently creased fabric was invented by Dr Arthur Farnworth of the CSIRO.

1958 Black box flight recorder - The 'black box' voice and instrument data recorder was invented by Dr David Warren in Melbourne.

1960 Plastic spectacle lenses - The world's first plastic spectacle lenses, 60 per cent lighter than glass lenses, were designed by Scientific Optical Laboratories.

1961 Ultrasound - David Robinson and George Kossoff's work at the Australian Department of Health, resulted in the first commercially practical water path ultrasonic scanner in 1961.

1965 Inflatable escape slide - The inflatable aircraft escape slide which doubles as a raft was invented by Jack Grant of Qantas.

1965 Wine cask -Invented by Thomas Angrove, the wine cask is a cardboard box housing a plastic container which collapses as the wine is drawn off, thus preventing contact with air.

1970 Variable rack and pinion steering - The variable ratio rack and pinion steering in motor vehicles was invented by Australian engineer, Arthur Bishop.

1970 Staysharp knife- The self-sharpening knife was developed by Wiltshire.

1972 Orbital internal combustion engine - The orbital combustion process engine was invented by engineer Ralph Sarich of Perth, Western Australia.

1972- Instream analysis - To speed-up analysis of metals during the recovery process, which used to take up to 24 hours, Amdel Limited developed an on-the-spot analysis equipment called the In-Stream Analysis System, for the processing of copper, zinc, lead and platinum - and the washing of coal. This computerised system allowed continuous analysis of key metals and meant greater productivity for the mineral industry worldwide.

1978 Plastic injection moulding software -Engineers at Moldflow Pty Ltd revolutionised the plastic injection process with a new computer aided engineering software, that simulated the injection moulding process and offered a design strategy to evaluate, refine and optimise successive simulations. The technique has been used widely in the automotive, whitegoods, computer, packaging, communications, aeronautical and photographic industries.

1979 Race-cam - Race Cam was developed by Geoff Healey, an engineer with Australian Television Network Seven in Sydney. The tiny lightweight camera is used in sports broadcasts and provides viewers with spectacular views of events such as motor racing, which are impossible with conventional cameras

1979 Bionic ear - The cochlear implant was invented by Professor Graeme Clark of the University of Melbourne.

1982 The dual flush toilet - As dunnies have a celebrated status in Australia, it is apt that Australia has taken a central role in their evolution. In 1982, the dual flush toilet was responsible for savings in excess of 32000 litres of water per household a year. Pretty important in the world's dries inhabited continent.

1980 Wave-piercing catamarans - The high speed catamarans were developed by Phillip Hercus and Robert Clifford of Incat in Tasmania.

1983 Winged Keel - Ben Lexen designed a winged keel that helped Australia II end the American's 132 ownership of the America's cup. The keel gave the yacht better steering and manoeuvrability in heavy winds.

1984 Frozen embryo baby- The world's first frozen embryo baby was born in Melbourne on 28th March 1984

1984 Baby Safety Capsule - Babies in a car crash used to bounce around like a soccer ball. In 1984, for the first time babies had a harness for their safe transportation in cars.

1986 Gene shears - The discovery of gene shears was made by CSIRO scientists, Wayne Gerlach and Jim Haseloff.

1992 Multi-focal contact lens- The world's first multi-focal contact lens was invented by optical research scientist, Stephen Newman in Queensland.

1992 Supersonic combustion - The University of Queensland demonstrated the world's first supersonic combustion in an atmospheric flight test at Woomera on July 30, 2002. The craft reached speeds of more than Mach 8, or 8 times the speed of sound.

1993 Scramjet - The University of Queensland reported for the first time the development of a scramjet that achieved more thrust than drag.

1993 Underwater pc - The world's first underwater computer with a five-button hand-held keypad was developed by Bruce Macdonald at the Australian Institute of Marine Science.

1995 EXELGRAM - The world's most sophisticated optical anti-counterfeiting technology was developed by the CSIRO.

1995 - Jindalee Radar System - The United States of America spent $11 billion developing an aeroplane that could not be detected by radar. Scientists at the CSIRO then concluded that if the plane could not be detected, perhaps the turbulance it makes passing through air could be. $1.5 million later, the Jindalee Radar system had transformed the stealth bomber into nothing more than an unusual looking aircraft.

[Bombay Boy]

my country's biggest contribution is nothing. literally. the concept of zero

imagine life without it. i think its the most incredibly elegant contribution of any nation

[Kasandra83]

Poland

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) - renowned astronomer. He studied in Torun, Cracow and then in Bologna, Padova and Ferrara, where he earned a doctorate in canonical law. As the first in modern times he developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System. He published his discoveries in the year of his death in the work ‘On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres’ (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium).

http://poland.gov.pl/gallery/photos/main1/12_1_07_1.gif


Maria Sklodowska-Curie (1867-1934), renowned Polish physicist and chemist, who lived and worked in France. She was the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Together with her husband Pierre Curie she discovered polonium and radium in 1898. She was twice awarded the Nobel Prize: in 1903 in physics (jointly with her husband) for research in the area of natural radiation, and in 1911 in chemistry for extracting pure radium.


http://poland.gov.pl/gallery/photos/main1/12_1_11_1.gif

Aleksander Wolszczan (born 1946) - astronomer. Since 1982 he has worked in the USA. He is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and Torun University. In 1990 he was the first to prove the existence of a planetary system in the Universe outside of our solar system.


http://poland.gov.pl/gallery/photos/main1/12_1_20_1.gif

Marek Kaminski (born 1964) - traveller, in 1995 he was the first person to reach both poles: the North Pole on 23rd May 1995 and the South Pole on 27 Dec. 1995. Earlier, preparing for this feat he walked to Spitsbergen (400 km) and Greenland’s glaciers (600 km).

http://poland.gov.pl/gallery/photos/main1/12_1_10_1.gif

[Kasandra83]

http://poland.gov.pl/gallery/photos/main1/12_1_06_1.gif

Chopin's music

Some discoveries are far ahead of their time. This is certainly true of one of the achievements by Jan Czochralski, one of the best-known Polish scientists abroad. Today one of his discoveries is used in the production of semi-conductors in the world's largest electronics companies, such as the Intel and Motorola (US), Samsung (Korea) or NEC (Japan). Almost all of the world's silicon, from which diodes, transistors and chips are made, is processed using a method developed by Czochralski. In 1916, he happened by accident to discover an ingenious way of growing large crystals of metal and semi-conductors. Although an application for this method was found only in the 1950s, today's electronics would be impossible without it: none of the equipment we have all come to rely on in our daily lives - such as televisions, computers, telephones, robots, microwave ovens and quartz watches - which all require silicon chips would have been possible. In 1924 Czochralski patented the composition of a new alloy which did not contain tin, ideally suited for casting railway carriage bearings. The German railways obtained the patent for this alloy (which is why in Germany this metal is known as the "railway metal", Bahnmetal). A few years later, the USSR, USA and Czechoslovakia also bought it. Czochralski discovered big and small things - the liquid used for hot perms at the hairdresser's is based on his recipe. Professor Andrzej K. Tarkowski's discoveries were also far ahead of their time. During the 1960s, he collaborated with Dr. Anne McLaren of the UK. Tarkowski and McLaren studied embryos during the earliest stage of development, using mice. They were the first to grow embryos in vitro (outside the mothers' bodies), conducted various kinds of experiments on them, and then implanted them in surrogate mothers. Tarkowski was also the first to show that it is possible to direct the development of mouse embryos. He showed, for example, that it is possible to grow a healthy mouse from only half an embryo. Thanks to these studies, today pre-natal, pre-implantation diagnostics are used, making it possible to take single cells from embryos grown in vitro and determine whether or not their DNA contains dangerous mutations. Another of Tarkowski's most important achievements was to demonstrate that parthenogenesis (virgin birth) is possible in mammals - i.e. that it is possible for a living creature to develop which has been created without the participation of sperm. Tarkowski's work on parthenogenic mice was published in the authoritative journal Nature, which even featured a photograph of one such mouse on its cover. In 1983, Tarkowski developed a method of joining the cells of mice embryos by using "cell fusion", using electricity. Thirteen years later, it was that same method that was used by Ian Wilmut to implant a nucleus into a sheep's egg cell, which was how Dolly, the famous cloned sheep, was created. In 2002, Professor Tarkowski received the Japan Prize from that country's Foundation for Science and Technology, considered to be the equivalent of a Nobel Prize.

Polish mathematicians proved invaluable during the Second World War. In 1932 three young mathematicians, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki, and Henryk Zygalski, started out on a joint project with the Cryptology Office of the Polish intelligence service and broke the code of the German Enigma encoding machine; however, the Germans continued to make improvements to the machine. In July 1939 the Poles shared their information on the Enigma machine with the Allies. After the outbreak of the War, all three mathematicians managed to escape with two copies of the machine to Rumania, and then to France. Thanks to their work, an Englishman named Alan Mathison Turing constructed a very fast and precise machine known as the Colossus to decode the Enigma's messages.



Did you know that...


The Polish mathematician Wacław Sierpiński was a leading topologist who served as Vice-President of the International Mathematical Union.



A group of Polish scholars made outstanding contributions in the field of logic. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries they founded the Lwów and Warsaw School of Logic, led by Kazimierz Twardowski. It was the third such school in the world, after the Vienna Circle and the school of Franz Brentano. Kazimierz Twardowski introduced a fundamental differentiation between the content and the subject of presentations. Alfred Tarski developed a concept of truth that was adopted by the Vienna Circle. Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz demonstrated the existence of certain categories of concepts which are mutually untranslatable and was the creator of what is known as the "Categorical Grammar"; this was later applied in the development of machines to translate texts from one language to another. Tadeusz Kotarbiński's philosophy negated the existence of mental subjects and events, i.e., there is no rain, there are only raindrops that are falling, which is to say that in reality, only things exist. He described his own epistemological approach as "radical realism". During the interwar period Warsaw was one of the "logic capitals" of the world, as the outstanding German logician Heinrich Scholz once said.



Did you know that...


Franciszek Leja developed the concept of the continuous group, one of the fundamental ideas in modern mathematics.



Stefan Banach is one of the best-known Polish mathematicians. He was one of the creators of functional analysis, and the author of Théorie des opérations linéaires (1932), the first work to elaborate the general theory of linear spaces. Jerzy Neyman-Spława, a pioneer in modern statistics, worked with Ronald Fisher and Egon Pearson. His work dealing with confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and survey sampling revolutionised the field. Stanisław Ulam (1909-1984), who devised the Monte Carlo method, was also interested in similar problems. This method uses statistical sampling to solve mathematical problems. He is nevertheless better known for his work for the American project to create the hydrogen bomb. He is also known for his work with J. C. Everett on the Orion plan for nuclear-powered space vehicles. Zenon Mróz is also well-known abroad, particularly for his work describing the processes of material deformation; major companies, such as for example General Motors, use this information to calculate the metal fatigue in automobile components. His work has also been used in the construction of nuclear reactors, drilling platforms and earthquake-resistant buildings. Professor Zenon Mróz is a consultant for the American company Mechanical Testing Systems.


"There is probably no country which has contributed, relative to the size of its population, so much to mathematical logic and set theory as Poland."

Abraham Fraenkel and Yehoshuah Bar-Hillel, Foundations of Set Theory (1958)



"Thanks to Jan Łukasiewicz, over the last ten years Poland has become the main country for the academic study of logic, and Warsaw has become its main centre."

Professor Heinrich Scholz, Historia logiki (1931)

[Kasandra83]

Polish achievements in the humanities are often associated with scholars such as Ludwik Zamenhof and Bronisław Malinowski. Ludwik Zamenhof, in a desire to facilitate communication between peoples of different races and nationalities around the world without the added difficulty of complexes and ethnic prejudices, took up the challenge of creating a completely new language. He based it on the structure of the Indo-European (Romance and, to a lesser extent, Germanic) languages. He reduced inflectional endings to a minimum and instead introduced combinations of word stems and grammatical morphemes. Esperanto, as this language is called, is governed by sixteen rules which have no exceptions, and its vocabulary contains 100,000 words. In 1887 Zamenhof published his work, Mezhdunarodnyi iazyk: predislovie i polnyi uchebnik (An International Language: Introduction and Complete Manual, in Russian), which he signed "Dr. Esperanto". The Universal Esperanto Association was founded in 1908 and still exists today. In 1954 was formally recognised by UNESCO as a movement which shares its aims and ideals.

Bronisław Malinowski is undoubtedly the most famous Polish ethnologist and social anthropologist. In 1913 he published The Family among the Australian Aborigines. His research in New Guinea and the Trobriand Islands during the years 1914-1918 secured his position as a leading proponent of functionalism in anthropology. His books The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia (1929) and Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922) attracted interest far beyond academic circles.

In the 1930s, Polish archaeology achieved some of its most spectacular successes. Kazimierz Michałowski (1901-1981), an Egyptologist, archaeologist and art historian, founded the Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology at the University of Warsaw. During the years 1936-1939, he directed Polish-French expeditions to Edfu (Egypt). After the Second World War, Polish archaeologists quickly returned to their work: Professor Michałowski renewed his earlier contacts, and in 1956 left for Mirmeki in the Crimea on the first Polish post-war archaeological expedition. A year later, a Polish expedition led a dig at Tell Atrib in Egypt, and there were also Polish excavayions in Palmyra (Syria), and Paphos (Cyprus) beginning in 1959. That same year, on the initiative of Professor Michałowski, the Polish Mediterranean Archaeology Station of the University of Warsaw opened in Cairo. Among Professor Michałowski's most important achievements are his efforts to reconstruct the Hatshepsut temple in Deir el-Bahari, his discovery of the temple of Tuthmosis III, and his leadership of an international committee of experts who were working to save a complex of temples in Abu Simbel, which was in danger of being inundated as a esult of the construction of the Aswan Dam. His discovery of the frescos at Faras was also particularly important. Since the 1970s, the Station, which is today known as the Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, has organised excavation projects in Sudan, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and Cyprus. Polish specialists have also participated in restoration work in many other countries.

[Kasandra83]

The first constitution in Europe and the second in the world

http://www.jan-matejko-pl.com/obrazki/podstrona/tworczosc_patriotyczna/konstytucja_3_maja.jpg

[WANCH]

Kung Fu

[mdude]

- www.


It's kind of strange to say that the UK invented the Internet, considering that it was actually developed in Switzerland.

I'd say the best thing to come out of the UK is the United States.

[streetscapeer]

I don't know what America's biggest contributions are...def nothing before the 17th century:)

[mdude]

I don't know what America's biggest contributions are...def nothing before the 17th century:)

I didn't know 17th century was the cut-off for innovation? How about:

The dollar

[gruber]

Paved Streets (Romans)
Aqueduct (Romans)
Telephone (by Meucci)
Radio (by Marconi)
Pasta
Pizza
Caffè Espresso
Personal Computer (by Perotto with Olivetti)
Perpsective in painture (by Giotto)
Mobile dams (by Leonardo)
electric battery (by Volta)
GSM system (by Viterbi)
Eudora Mail (by Viterbi - the world first program of mailing on the net)
CDMA for UMTS telephones (by Viterbi)
first microprocessor Intel (by Faggin)
Latin language (by Romans)
Latin Alphabet (by Romans)
Helicopter (by Forlanini)
Nuclear reactor (by Fermi)
Bycicle (by Bianchi - he invented the first bycile with the wheels of the same dimension, as the ones of today)
Modern Astronomy (by Galileo)
thermometer (by Galileo)
Piano (by Bartolomeo Cristofori)
typewriter (by De Vincenzi)
Dynamo (by Pacinotti)
Bombardier airplane (Italian Aviation)
Elettroshock (by Cerletti)
Modern Glass
Modern Plastic

...and many others...

[streetscapeer]

I didn't know 17th century was the cut-off for innovation? How about:

The dollar


yea well I wasn't trying to be accurate really, just a ball-park date...cuz I mean really, what innovation was there on American soil in the 1500s?

[mdude]

yea well I wasn't trying to be accurate really, just a ball-park date...cuz I mean really, what innovation was there on American soil in the 1500s?

I'm not sure if it matters how old innovation is, so long as it occurs?

[Küsel]

I think I forgot one for CH - the ZIPPER :)

[streetscapeer]

I'm not sure if it matters how old innovation is, so long as it occurs?


ok....so tell me then, what major world contribution did America (before it was a country of course) give to the world in the 1500s??

[Harkeb]

- CAT scan
CAT scan is a South African invention, infact. Developed at a UK university, but by South African physicist Allan Cormack. And the telephone was invented by Graham Bell- an american.

Other South African contributions:
Heart transplant;
break water boulders/dolosse used for protecting coastlines/ harbour walls;
military camouflage dress (firstly used by the Boers in the Anglo-Boer war, in which Britain suffered the most losses than in any war);
non-electrical wind up radio;
oil-from-coal production (SASOL);
speed gun (use to accurately measure speed of tennis- & cricket balls;
kreepy krauly (swimming pool vacuum cleaner);
APS therapy (electronic device that stimulates and reliefs pain);
Pratley Putty (glue that was used to glueing the Eagle moon craft together!); Tellurometer (for land surveying to measure large distances);
cybertracker (computer device to track animals and now also cars);
Appletiser (real apple soft drink);
colindictor (first device to record a telephone message);
Computicket online booking system;
exhaust system & vibol fuel-saving;
first recorded use of fire! 1.5 million years ago;
plethysmograph (measure rate of blood flow);
radar;
rooibos caffeine-free tea;
aloe vera products;
rooivalk helicopters and pilot's helmet;
sharkpod shark-repellant device;
...amongst others.

[Harkeb]

correction: Radar- first experimented by German physicist Geinrich Hertz in 1887
Bell- born Briton, moved to USA where phone was patented.

[mdude]

ok....so tell me then, what major world contribution did America (before it was a country of course) give to the world in the 1500s??

America wasn't around in the 1500s. What major contributions did the UK give to the world in 3000 BC?

[streetscapeer]

America wasn't around in the 1500s. What major contributions did the UK give to the world in 3000 BC?


yeah....and that's exactly why I said the following to begin with:


I don't know what America's biggest contributions are...def nothing before the 17th century:)


I put the smilie at the end because it's pretty obvious that there practically was no America before the 17th century, and hence no major world contributions came from this place before then!

you must've misinterpreted my very first post!

[Shado]

has anyone said that Australia invented the LAWNMOWER

Not exactly, the two-stroke powered lawnmower. (:o And in this thread one small detail causes alot of controversy).

correction: Radar- first experimented by German physicist Geinrich Hertz in 1887

I guess the question of contribution comes in here.

The Jet Engine, was most definitely first used by the Germans in WWII, had they been able to produce it in numbers, and earlier, it might have had a big impact. Who ever invented it, the Germans introduced it.

Radar was first used by the British in WWII. The early warning it gave the necessary warning time to defend the country and turn the course of the war.

As far as I know, and has been shown, Radar, or working radar was invented by the British, and the Jet Engine by the Germans.

If this thread proves one thing, it's that the best inventions/contributions are produced through collaboration, cooperation and can even be invented independently by multiple people.

It's really fairly logical. How could we possibly do the things we do today without building upon the foundations laid by generations gone. And without taking knowledge from all corners of the globe.

[jbkayaker12]

The Filipino people!!

[sergio manuel]

The Cero ( the mayas)
the color television by Gonzalez Camarena
The ozone hole by Mario Molina

[sergio manuel]

Mexico

The Cero ( the mayas)
the color television by Gonzalez Camarena
The ozone hole by Mario Molina

[MPOWER]

Some German Inventions:


1440 Buchdruckerkunst movable type Johannes Gutenberg
1510 die Unruh balance spring (clockwork) Peter Henlein
1709 Alkoholthermometer alcohol thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
1714 Quecksilberthermometer mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
1850 Geissler Röhre Geissler (flourescent) tube Heinrich Geissler
1861 Telefon telephone Philipp Reis
1867 Dynamo dynamo generator Werner von Siemens
1876 Kühlschrank ammonia refrigerator Karl von Linde
1877 Viertakt-Verbrennungsmotor four-stroke internal combustion engine Nikolaus August Otto
1884 Nipkow-Scheibe Nipkow scanning disk (TV) Paul Nipkow
1884 Allgemeine Elektrizitätsgesellschaft (AEG) Emil Rathenau
1885 Kraftwagen automobile (Daimler-Benz) Karl Benz
1885 Kraftwagen automobile (Daimler-Benz) Gottlieb Daimler
1885 der Dieselmotor diesel engine Rudolf Diesel
1887 Grammophon, Mikrophon gramophone, microphone Emil Berliner
1888 Elektromagnetischewellen electromagnetic waves Heinrich R. Hertz
1892 Aronssche Röhre, Quecksilberdampflampe Arons tube, mercury vapor lamp Martin Leo Arons
1895 Röntgenstrahlen X-rays (discovery), Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 Wilhelm C. Röntgen
1896 Segelflugzeug glider Otto Lilienthal
1897 Braunsche Röhre cathode-ray tube
(Nobel Prize 1909) Karl Ferdinand Braun
1899 Aspirin Aspirin®, aspirin Felix Hoffmann (Bayer AG)
1900 Neonlampe flourescent lamp Edmund Germer
1900 Zeppelin-Luftschiff rigid airship Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin
1902 Wechselstrom, Blitzforschung alternating current, lightning research Charles Proteus Steinmetz
1906 Entkoffeinierung - Decaffeination process patented Ludwig Roselius
1906 Wassermann-Test for syphilis August Paul von Wassermann
1920 Sportschuh (adidas) athletic shoe Adolf (Adi) Dassler
1920 Nobelpreis Nobel Prize, thermochemistry Walther Hermann Nernst
1928 Schwangerschaftstest first scientific pregnancy test Selmar Aschheim
1931 Elektronenmikroskop electron microscope, Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 Ernst Ruska
1939 DDT DDT Paul H. Müller
1942 V2-Rakete V2 rocket Wernher von Braun
1942 Wechselspektrum spread spectrum technology Hedy Lamarr (Web)
1945 Z1-Z4-Rechner Z1-Z4 computers - The Z3 was the first programmable computer Konrad Zuse
1954 Kreiskolbenmotor rotary cylinder engine Felix Wankel
1960 Redstone-Rakete Redstone rocket (US) Wernher von Braun
1995 MP3 MPEG Level 3, Fraunhofer Inst. Karlheinz Brandenburg
Bernhard Grill

[CORLEONE]

Most of modern inventions can be claimed by several countries, but the first piloted helicopter was invented and built by a French, Paul Cornu

WRONG!!!

The inventor of the first helicopter steered and motorized was the Slovak one Jan Bahyl

The "autogiro" was invented by the of Spanish Juan De La Cierva, and developed the rotor articulated of which took its idea Igor Sikorsky for its first helicopters, paying even the patent and the rights of utilization al Spanish inventor. In its first flight the autogiro managed to travel through 200 meters in 1923 and later, carried out the first trip among airfields from Getafe to Four Winds in 1924.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Autogyro-Avro-620.jpg

[CORLEONE]

This is all very vain of us. But I would just like to add England/UK: English Language.

THIS ONE IS GOOD!!! HEHEHEHE

Ok so Spain obviuously inventes Spanish :ohno:

[CORLEONE]

yeas, but Magellan had already been in the Philippines sailing from West, I got there sailing from East which means he actually completed a round trip around the globe. Besides what does that matter, it was HIS trip not Sebastian Del Cano ; he probably didn't even know how to sail

Yes, thats why Sebastian El Cano was the second on board and the one that followed the trip without Magallanes Help.

And anyway, the ship and the money was Spanish and the tripulation was Spanish, Magallanes died during the trip, so please don´t revive the guy just to say that he did the whole stuff.

[CORLEONE]

BIGGEST SPANISH INVENTION

http://images3.wikia.com/inciclopedia/images/a/a5/Chupachups2.jpg

[Jonesy55]

America wasn't around in the 1500s. What major contributions did the UK give to the world in 3000 BC?

Many advances in Astronomy were made in Britain around that time.

http://www.aboutstonehenge.info/images/education/stonehenge-wallpaper-1.jpg

http://www.logoschristian.org/links/avebury.jpg

[Mahratta]

Well, when french came to Pondicherry, they helped a lot the local IQ to grow, it can be considered a contribution or not ? :)

Yes, an intelligent person will say that its basic idea was wrong, like i did about arabic numeral system.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouddhism

Legend has it that the Buddha to be, Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit; in Pāli, Siddhattha Gotama), was born around the 6th century BCE. His birthplace is said to be Lumbini in the Shākya state, one of a small group of old oligarchic republics, in what is now Nepal.

Half right, half wrong on this one. Enlighted either ? lol And seriously, I will not care much of you now, a guy (or girl) that is able to see people like "miserable" things, it's surely someone that feels superior to the world but is not.

Have good days either :)

..there was no nation of Nepal at the time, but there was Bharat, was there not

[PresidentBjork]

Who dragged this thread up, doesn't it break the current rules?

[Patrick]

germany gave the world also some nice classical music from bach / beethoven / händel etc.

[isaidso]

Electric Light Bulb ...Henry Woodward invented the electric light bulb in 1874 and sold the patent to Thomas Edison

So who really invented the light bulb?? I think the light bulb by Woodward don't count, since it's only experimented, but I know you don't agree that.

Isn't it quite evident that Woodward invented the light bulb if he was granted the patent? His biggest blunder was selling the patent to Edison who not only profited from it immensely, but is often wrongly credited with inventing it.

Telephone? Not again!!! Alexander Grahamn Bell made a point of stating that the telephone was a Canadian invention. Besides alot of other relevant points that indicate this, I don't see how British or Americans can claim the telephone when the inventor, himself, said it was Canadian. How more concrete do you have to be?

[irutavias]

my country's biggest contribution is nothing. literally. the concept of zero

imagine life without it. i think its the most incredibly elegant contribution of any nation

Well said. I was about to say something very similar! :banana:

Another Contribution from India is the ancient and scientific art of Town Planning and Architecture, called Vastu Shastra.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaastu_Shastra

I think there are tonnes of other contributions that are directly/indirectly originated in India. I just can't remember any right now. :cheers:

[Hanshin-Tigress]

usa-internet , air conditioner, fiber optics and microwave
japan-...dunno yet

Isn't it quite evident that Woodward invented the light bulb if he was granted the patent? His biggest blunder was selling the patent to Edison who not only profited from it immensely, but is often wrongly credited with inventing it.

Telephone? Not again!!! Alexander Grahamn Bell made a point of stating that the telephone was a Canadian invention. Besides alot of other relevant points that indicate this, I don't see how British or Americans can claim the telephone when the inventor, himself, said it was Canadian. How more concrete do you have to be?

Well his assistant is american and 2
he emigrated to Canada in 1870, and then to the United States in 1871
i dont see how 'canadian' that makes him, also most of his studies were done at the university of boston

his laboratory was also in his home in boston.

Bell is burried in canada but his grave says this on it !!
"The wording on his gravestone reads simply, "Teacher - Inventor - Citizen of the U.S.A."
Why would you put that on your gravestone? :lol:

ANyways forget bell
In recent years it appears that Bell was not the first person to invent the telephone. This invention is now credited to an Italian/American immigrant named Antonio Meucci. In November of 2002, the US Congress passed a resolution recognizing Meucci as inventor of the telephone.

SO since bell was an immigrant and so is Meucci i guess that makes the phone an american invention after all since meucci invented it first.

[the spliff fairy]

http://onesheetdesign.com/images/spice_world.jpg

n bloody proud of it ya garlic eatin coffee snorters

[ale26]

Here's an updated and more comprehensive list of Scottish inventions:

Scottish Discoveries and Inventions

Mathematical & Financial
Logarithms
The Bank of England
Capitalism
Economics
The overdraft
The decimal point

Technological
Buicks
The reflecting telescope
Artificial Diamonds
Hollow pipe drainage
The threshing machine
Iron bridges
Iron plough
Steam powered marine engine
Steam traction engine
The reaping machine
The gravitating compass
Street lighting
The steam engine
The pneumatic tyre
Kelvin scale
The pedal bicycle
Tarmacadam (the modern road surface)
The locomotive
The bus
The steam hammer
The telegraph
Percussion cap
Coal-gas lighting
Blackboard & coloured chalk
ATM [auto-teller-machine]
The thermos flask
The telephone
World time zones
The gas mask
Colour photographs
The microwave
The lawnmower
Television
Clerk cycle gas engine
The fax machine
The photocopier
Video
The kaleidoscope

[b]Scientific
Theory of combustion
Oil refining
Carbon Dioxide
Sociology
Colloid chemistry
Sulphuric acid
The cloud chamber
Paraffin
Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism
Percussion powder
Polarization of light
Electric light
Paleobiology
Chemical bonds
Brownian Movement
Latent Heat
Geology
Gardenias
Helium
Breech-loading rifle
Radar
Neon
Artificial ice
Refrigerator
Neptune
Bakelite
Dolly, the cloned sheep

Medical
The hypodermic syringe
Cure for Insomnia
Ultra-sound scanner
Quinine [cure for malaria]
Anaesthesia
Morphine
Antiseptics
Cure for scurvy
Insulin
Penicillin
Interferon
The thermometer
Ante-natal clinics

Sport
Golf
Curling
Shinty
Tennis courts
The bowling green

Electronic
The alpha chip
Blue lasers
Kerr Lens Modelocking techniques

Everyday Items
Adhesive postage stamp
Marmalade
Writing paper
The fountain pen
Postcards
Whisky
The Mackintosh (aka raincoats)
Waterproofs
Suspenders

Miscellaneous
Finger-printing
Encyclopaedia Britannica
King Arthur
Halloween
Toad of Toad Hall
Long John Silver
Jekyll and Hyde
Auld Lang Syne
Documentary films
Air-raid shelter
Historical Novels
Grand Theft Auto [video-game]
The traffic cone
Sherlock Holmes
Peter Pan
US navy
Chilean navy


LETS JUST MAKE THIS PERFECTLY CLEAR INSULIN WAS CREATED AT THE UNIVERESITY OF TORONTO, CANADA..NOT IN SCOTLAND...HALF OF THOSE ARE FALSE..omg some people are just so stupid and insecure that they have to post every invention out there and say it was their countries invention..fuking get over yourselves!!

[irutavias]

some people are just so stupid and insecure that they have to post every invention out there and say it was their countries invention..fuking get over yourselves!!

^^ Too True
If you're proud of your country, you don't need to reassure yourself, especially by listing the so-called great achievements of the country.

[b13]

^ WOW Canada invented soooo many things!!!!!!! What would the world be without Canada?? I predict that in 50 years when many countries are desperate for water Canada will become one of the most important countries in the world because of all the water we have!

[icracked]

Hawaii gave the world surfing and hot, sexy people.

[sprtsluvr8]

^ WOW Canada invented soooo many things!!!!!!! What would the world be without Canada?? I predict that in 50 years when many countries are desperate for water Canada will become one of the most important countries in the world because of all the water we have!


And you non-Canadians better stop trying to claim one of Canada's inventions! Stop it!

[sprtsluvr8]

http://onesheetdesign.com/images/spice_world.jpg

n bloody proud of it ya garlic eatin coffee snorters

The U.S., too, has given the world a brazen set of skanks...

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Britney-Spears082.jpg/220px-Britney-Spears082.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lindsaylohangfdl.jpg/220px-Lindsaylohangfdl.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Paris_hilton_universal_photo.jpg/200px-Paris_hilton_universal_photo.jpg


I really liked some of the solo music I've heard from Gerri Halliwell, Melanie C., and Emma Bunton. I guess the other two have their hands full trying to control their men...

[Mahratta]

^ WOW Canada invented soooo many things!!!!!!! What would the world be without Canada?? I predict that in 50 years when many countries are desperate for water Canada will become one of the most important countries in the world because of all the water we have!

Perhaps Canada didnt, but India sure did invent...

[LMCA1990]

Colombia:
The malaria vaccine
Panama (we didn't really contribUte it, but were forced to by a bigger StAte)
Coffee
The biggest known shipwreak (said to be worth 100's of millions if not billions)

[isaidso]

Maki-Chan: like I said, I have zero interest in going down this road again, but it seems I will, once again. The Bell argument never ends. Your information shows very little comprehensive research on the matter, but rather selective points used to make a contrary assertion.

Not only was his family homestead in Ontario. It is where the bulk of his research took place, and where he conducted countless tests of the device. He invented hundreds of things from his home in Nova Scotia. This is where he chose to live out his life, where the Bell Museum is, and where he is buried along side his US wife. You make it sound like he stayed in Canada a year.

The job he took shortly after emigrating to Canada, led to the venture capital he secured. It is true that if it weren't for American money, his invention may never have been realized, but Canada's claim to the telephone is hardly laughable, as your rude icon suggests. He left Canada to teach and network, but returned here because this was his home. If Bell considers the telephone a Canadian invention, why can't you? I suggest reading up before making uninformed inpolite posts.

[Hanshin-Tigress]

Ive never seen a quote of bell saying "its a canadian invention!"

Anyways

Bell didnt invent it Meucci did sorry. He is an italian/american(immigrant).

[Hanshin-Tigress]

Anywyas since i saw a list of scottisdh inventions heres a list of american ones

1803 Spray Gun Dr. Alan de Vilbiss of Toledo, Ohio, invented this device to replace swabs as the method of applying medication to oral and nasal passages.

1805 Self Propelled Amphibious vehicle Oliver Evans' "Orukter Amphibolos" dredges the waters near the Philadelphia docks. Its steam-powered engine drove either wooden wheels or a paddle wheel. Evans demonstrated his machine in Philadelphia's Center Square, where he passed the hat for money.

1806 Coffee Pot Coffee drinkers the world over no longer have to chew their brew. Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, invents a coffee pot with a metal sieve to strain away the grounds.

1818 Profile Lathe Thomas Blanchard of Middlebury, Connecticut, builds a woodworking lathe that does the work of 13 men. His invention helps to lower wood prices.

1831 Reaping Machine The McCormick Reaper, which cut grain much faster than a man with a scythe, failed to catch on. McCormick sold the first unit around 1840; by 1844, only 50 had sold. After taking his operation to Chicago, McCormick prospered. By 1871 his company was selling 10,000 reapers per year.

1833 Sewing Machine Walter Hunt invents the first lock-stitch sewing machine, but loses interest and does not patent his invention. Later, Elias Howe secures patent on an original lock-stitch machine, but fails to manufacture and sell it. Still later, Isaac Singer infringes on Howe's patent to make his own machine, which makes Singer rich. Hunt also invents the safety pin, which he sells outright for $400.

1834 Threshing Machine John A. and Hiram Abial Pitts invent a machine that automatically threshes and separates grain from chaff, freeing farmers from a slow and laborious process.

1836 Revolver To finance the development of his "six shooter," Samuel Colt traveled the lecture circuit, giving demonstrations of laughing gas. Colt's new weapon failed to catch on, and he went bankrupt in 1842 at age 28. He reorganized and sold his first major order to the War Department during the Mexican War in 1846, and went on to become rich.

1837 Power Tools Thomas Davenport of Brandon, Vermont, is one of the first to find a practical application for the electric motor. He uses a motor he built to power shop machinery and also builds the first electric model railroad car.

1840 Paint Tube John Rand invents a collapsible metal squeeze tube. The container immediately hits markets in Europe, where it is used to hold and dispense artists' pigments.

1842 Ether Anesthesia Crawford Williamson Long, of Jefferson, Georgia, performs the first operation using an ether-based anesthesia, when he removes a tumor from the neck of Mr. James Venable. Long will not reveal his discovery until 1849.

1843 Mechanical Refrigerator American John Gorrie produced the first mechanical refrigeration unit in 1842.

1846 Cylinder Printing Press Richard M. Hoe creates a revolution in printing by rolling a cylinder over stationary plates of inked type and using the cylinder to make an impression on paper. This eliminated the need for making impressions directly from the type plates themselves, which were heavy and difficult to maneuver.

1857 Passenger Elevator Safety System Elisha Graves Otis dramatically demonstrates his passenger elevator at the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York by cutting the elevator's cables as it ascends a 300 foot tower. Otis' unique safety braking system prevents the elevator from falling; his business prospects rise.

1858 Burglar Alarm Edwin T. Holmes of Boston begins to sell electric burglar alarms. Later, his workshop will be used by Alexander Graham Bell as the young Bell pursues his invention of the telephone. Holmes will be the first person to have a home telephone.

1859 Oil Well Drilling at Titusville, Pennsylvania, "Colonel" Edwin Drake strikes oil at a depth of 69.5 feet. Prior to that, oil, which had been used mostly as a lubricant and lamp fuel, had been obtained only at places where it seeped from the ground. Western Pennsylvania witnesses the world's first oil boom.

1860 Repeating Rifle B. Tyler Henry, chief designer for Oliver Fisher Winchester's arms company, adapts a breech-loading rifle invented by Walter B. Hunt and creates a new lever action repeating rifle. First known as the Henry, the rifle will soon be famous as simply the Winchester.

1861 Modern Pin Tumbler Lock Linus Yale Jr. improved upon his father's original design (patented in 1848) in 1861, using a smaller, flat key with serrated edges that is the basis of modern pin-tumbler locks.

1863 Roller Skates James Plimpton of Medford, Massachusetts, gives the world the first practical four-wheeled roller skate. This sets off a roller craze that quickly spreads across the U.S. and Europe.

1865 Web Offset Printing William Bullock introduced a printing press that could feed paper on a continuous roll and print both sides of the paper at once. Used first by the Philadelphia Ledger, the machine would become an American standard. It would also kill its maker, who died when he accidentally fell into one of his presses.

1867 Barbed Wire Farmer Henry Rose, invents the product that will close down the open cattle ranges by closing in cattle onto individual plots of privately owned land. I.L. Ellwood and Company's Glidden Steel Barb Wire will dominate the market; by 1890 the open range will be only a memory.

1870 Pneumatic Subway Working in secret to hide his operation from Boss Tweed, who opposes it, Scientific American publisher Alfred Ely Beach builds a pneumatic subway under Broadway in New York. Beach's single subway car, which features upholstered chairs and chandeliers is driven along the 300 foot tunnel by a 100 horsepower blower.

1875 Electric Dental Drill George F. Green of Kalamazoo, Michigan invented an electric powered device to drill teeth.

1875 Mimeograph While using paraffin in an attempt to invent and improve telegraphy tape, Thomas Alva Edison discovers a way to make duplicate copies of documents instead.

1877 Telephone The early history of the telephone is a confusing morass of claim and counterclaim, which was not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits which hoped to resolve the patent claims of individuals. The Bell and Edison patents, however, were forensically victorious and commercially decisive.

'1879 Incandescent Light After many experiments with platinum and other metal filaments, Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on October 22, 1879;[8] and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by Nov 4, 1879, filed for a U.S. patent (granted as U.S. Patent 0,223,898 on Jan 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires."[9] Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways,"[9] it was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last over 1200 hours.

1880 Hearing Aid R.G. Rhodes improves on the ear trumpet with another primitive hearing aid. The device is a thin sheet of hard rubber or cardboard placed against teeth which conducts vibrations to the auditory nerve.

1882 Electric Fan Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler invented the two-bladed desk fan, which is produced by the Crocker and Curtis electric motor company.

1885 Skyscraper After the Great Fire of 1871, Chicago has become a magnet for daring experiments in architecture. William Le Baron Jenney completes the 10-story Home Insurance Company Building, the first to use steel-girder construction; more than twenty skyscrapers will be built in Chicago over the next 9 years.

1887 "Platter" Record Edison's tube recording system produces distorted sound because of gravity's pressure on the playing stylus. Emile Berliner, a German immigrant living in Washington, DC, invents a process for recording sound on a horizontal disc. The "platter" record is born.

1888 Camera In Rochester, New York, George Eastman introduces a hand-held box camera for portable use. The camera is pre-loaded with 100 exposure film; after shooting the photographer returns the whole camera to the manufacturer for development and a reload.

1891 Escalator Jesse W. Reno, introduces a new novelty ride at Coney Island. His moving stairway elevates passengers on a conveyor belt at an angle of 25 degrees. The device will be shown at the Paris Exposition of 1900, where it is called the escalator.

1896 Automatic Hat James Boyle, of Washington, invents a hat that tips automatically.

1901 Safety Razor King Camp Gillette, former traveling hardware salesman of Fond du Lac, invents double-edged safety razor. By the end of 1904, he will have sold 90,000 razors and 12,400,000 blades, but he will die in 1932 with his dream of a utopian society organized by engineers unrealized.

1902 Air Conditioner Willis Carrier manufactured the world's first mechanical air conditioning unit in 1902.

1903 Aeroplane The Wright brothers are generally credited with building the world's first successful human flight in a powered aeroplane and making the first controlled, powered and heavier-than-air human flight on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward, they developed their flying machine into the world's first practical fixed-wing aircraft. The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of "three axis-control," which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. This method has become standard on fixed wing aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright brothers focused on unlocking the secrets of control to conquer "the flying problem," rather than on developing more powerful engines as some other experimenters did.

1911 Self Starter Charles F. Kettering, who developed the electric cash register while working at National Cash Register, sells his electric automobile starters to the Cadillac company. This device increases the popularity of the gasoline-powered car, which no longer needs to be started with a hand crank.

1921 Wirephoto The first electronically-transmitted photograph is sent by Western Union. The idea for a facsimile transmission was first proposed by Scottish clockmaker Alexander Bain in 1843.

1924 Gas Chamber Execution In an effort to make capital punishment more humane, the State of Nevada introduces death by gas chamber. Convicted murderer Gee John takes 6 minutes to die.

1929 Frozen Food Clarence Birdseye offers his quick-frozen foods to the public. Birdseye got the idea during fur-trapping expeditions to Labrador in 1912 and 1916, where he saw the natives use freezing to preserve foods.

1931 Radio Astronomy While trying to track down a source of electrical interference on telephone transmissions, Karl Guthe Jansky of Bell Telephone Laboratories discovers radio waves emanating from stars in outer space.

1937 Chair Lift James Curran build a chair lift for the Dollar Mountain resort in Sun Valley, Idaho. Dollar Mountain follows with an order for six more.

1938 Nylon A team of researchers working under Wallace H. Carothers at E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company invents a plastic that can be drawn into strong, silk-like fibers. Nylon will soon become popular as a fabric for hosiery as well as industrial applications such as cordage.

1942 Defibrillator Dr. Claude Beck develops a device for jump-starting the heart with a burst of electricity.

1945 Microwave Oven Cooking food with microwaves was discovered by Percy Spencer on October 8, 1945, while building magnetrons for radar sets at Raytheon. He was working on an active radar set when he noticed a strange sensation, and saw that a peanut candy bar he had in his pocket started to melt. Although he was not the first to notice this phenomenon, as the holder of 120 patents, Spencer was no stranger to discovery and experiment, and realized what was happening. The radar had melted his candy bar with microwaves. The first food to be deliberately cooked with microwaves was popcorn, and the second was an egg (which exploded in the face of one of the experimenters).

1946 Carbon Dating In 1946, Willard F. Libby invented the procedure for carbon-14 dating.

1947 Polaroid Camera Dr. Edwin H. Land introduces a new camera that can produce a developed photographic image in sixty seconds. Land will follow in the 1960s with a color model and eventually receive more than 500 patents for his innovations in light and plastics technologies.

1953 Heart-lung Machine Dr. John H. Gibbon performs the first successful open heart surgery in which the blood is artificially circulated and oxygenated by a heart-lung machine. This new technology, which allows the surgeon to operate on a dry and motionless heart, greatly increases surgical treatment options for heart defects and disease.

1955 Nuclear Submarine The Nautilus, the first nuclear submarine, revolutionizes naval warfare. Conventional submarines need two engines: a diesel engine to travel on the surface and an electric engine to travel submerged, where oxygen for a diesel engine is not available. The Nautilus, the first nuclear sub, can travel many thousands of miles below the surface with a single fuel charge.

1957 Polio Vaccine Dr. Jonas Salk develops a polio vaccine using strains of polio too weak to cause infection but strong enough to activate the human immune system.

1959 Integrated Circuit Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments filed a patent for a "Solid Circuit" made of germanium on February 6, 1959. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components.

1960 Oral Contraceptive On May 9, 1960, the FDA announced it would approve Enovid 10 mg for contraceptive use, which it did on June 23, 1960, by which time Enovid 10 mg had been in general use for three years during which time, by conservative estimate, at least half a million women had used it

1960 Laser Working at Hughes Research Laboratories, physicist Theodore H. Maiman creates the first laser. The core of his laser consists of a man-made ruby -- a material that had been judged unsuitable by other scientists, who rejected crystal cores in favor of various gases.

1964 Operating System IBM rolls out the OS/360, the first mass-produced computer operating system. Using the OS/360, all computers in the IBM 360 family could run any software program. Already IBM is a giant in the computer industry, controlling 70% of the market worldwide.

1965 Minicomputer Digital Equipment introduces the PDP-8, the world's first computer to use integrated circuit technology. Because of its relatively small size and its low $18,000 price tag, Digital sells several hundred units.

1970 Optical Fiber Corning Glass announces it has created a glass fiber so clear that it can communicate pulses of light. GTE and AT&T will soon begin experiments to transmit sound and image data using fiber optics, which will transform the communications industry.

1972 Calculator Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) is a Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 2000 for his invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at Texas Instruments (TI). He is also the inventor of handheld calculator and thermal printer.

1974 Product Barcode The first shipments of bar-coded products arrive in American stores. Scanners at checkout stations read the codes using laser technology. The hand-punched keyboard cash register takes one step closer to obsolescence.

1979 Human-Powered Flight Cyclist Byron Allen crosses the English Channel in a pedal-powered aircraft called the Gossamer Albatross. The flight takes 2 hours, 49 minutes, and wins a £100,000 prize for its crew, headed by designer Dr. Paul MacCready. Constructed of Mylar, polystyrene, and carbon-fiber rods, the Albatross has a wingspan of 93 feet 10 inches and weighs about 70 pounds.

1981 Space Shuttle For the first time, NASA successfully launches and lands its reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle. The shuttle can be used for a number of applications, including launch, retrieval, and repair of satellites and as a laboratory for physical experiments. While extremely successful, the shuttle program will suffer a disaster in 1986 when the shuttle Challenger explodes after takeoff, killing all on board.

1982 Artificial Heart Dr. Robert Jarvik implants a permanent artificial heart, the Jarvik 7, into Dr. Barney Clark. The heart, powered by an external compressor, keeps Clark alive for 112 days.

1983 Internet The first TCP/IP-wide area network was operational by January 1, 1983, when the United States' National Science Foundation (NSF) constructed a university network backbone that would later become the NSFNet. (This date is held by some to be technically that of the birth of the Internet.) It was then followed by the opening of the network to commercial interests in 1985. As of March 10, 2007, 2.114 billion people use the Internet, according to Internet World Stats, for many uses including e-mails and accessing the World Wide Web.

1988 Graphic User Interface Apple creates the first modern GUI.

1990 Hubble Telescope The space shuttle Discovery deploys the Hubble Space telescope 350 miles above the Earth. Although initial flaws limit its capabilities, the Hubble will be responsible for numerous discoveries and advances in the understanding of space.

1994 Top quark April 23 - American physicists at Fermilab discover and observe the top quark.

1995 Galileo (spacecraft) The Galileo spacecraft after 6 years and 2.35 billion miles gains orbit around Jupiter. It will make at least 10 passes of the Galilean moons and act as a relay station for the Galileo probe.

1998 Stem cell line Researchers announce that they have successfully grown human stem cells in a laboratory, a major advance that could one day help in organ transplantation, gene therapy and treatment of such maladies as paralysis, diabetes and AIDS.

2000 Human Genome Project The publicly funded Human Genome Project, led by Francis Collins and the privately funded Celera effort, led by Craig Venter simultaneously publish their decoding of the human genome (in Nature and Science, respectively).

2003 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe February 11 - NASA's WMAP takes first detailed "baby picture" of the universe. The image reveals the universe is 13.7 billion years old (within one percent error) and provides evidence that supports the inflationary theory.

2004 NASA X-43 NASA builds the X-43, attaining speeds in excess of Mach 9.8, the fastest free flying air-breathing hypersonic flight.

2004 Spirit Rover Mars Exploration Rover - A, known as Spirit, is the first of the two rovers of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission. It landed successfully on Mars on 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin Opportunity (MER-B) landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition.

[wjfox]

What... the...

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