I've always been fascinated by the engineering that allows seating decks to be cantilevered over the lower decks in stadiums. The bigger the cantilever, the more I like it--it seems.

Anyway, I was very curious if it's known what the largest cantilevered seating deck is in any stadium. The largest one that I'm familiar with is the upper deck at Yankee Stadium. It's about 22 rows from the front row to the first row that isn't on the cantilever (not counting the walkway):

It's actually a cable-reinforced cantilever, with a steel cable "pulling" on the back of the deck to counterbalance the enormous weight:

If anybody has any examples of a larger cantilevered seating deck I'd love to see them! :banana:

I asked a related question a few days ago regarding the North Stand at Highbury (Arsenal FC). I think the entire upper tier cantilevered over the lower, balanced by large concourse areas at the rear of the whole structure. I'm sure the curved stadia often manipulate this feature most dramatically due to the intrinsic rigidity of a curved upper tier eg. Athens. I agree, these type of stands have the most dramatic effect, and of course are also functional in that they bring people closer to the action while offering the broadest range of views. Too many tiers can dilute the atmosphere though.

I can't find a suitable picture to demonstrate it but there's a fairly hefty overhang at the Maracana. The one between the first and second tier at the Millennium Stadium is fairly large as well:

http://www.urban75.org/photos/wales/images/w040.jpg

That stadium would be far better looking if the stand went all the way around.

the blueprints were designed for it, but it was never built.

we've already seen what an entirely bowled baseball stadium looked like in Anahiem. All I have to say is Yuck.

As for cantilevers, those are good examples, but I think a more real example is the upper deck at DKR. It is truly cantilevered and not just hanging over a little bit.

camp nou got a big one to

http://www.footballpictures.net/data/media/12/Nou_Camp.jpg

Can you clear up the criteria we should be looking at? Is the number of seats that are "overhung" important, or simply the depth of the tier before you reach any supporting structure? There's no fixed correlation between the two - some cantilevered tiers are completely over another tier, some are over concourses/empty space.

Bukit Jalil
22 rows
http://img528.imageshack.us/img528/6040/mssec01lr5.jpg

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~richarde/SA-Malaysia%20folder/SA-WebPage/100_0162.JPG

Can you clear up the criteria we should be looking at? Is the number of seats that are "overhung" important, or simply the depth of the tier before you reach any supporting structure? There's no fixed correlation between the two - some cantilevered tiers are completely over another tier, some are over concourses/empty space.

The depth of the tier. I don't care what's underneath the cantilever, just the size of the cantilever itself. Unfortunately, many of the examples given in this thread don't show the real depth of the cantilever, they're just pictures of cantilevers.

So far it looks like DKR Stadium in Texas, Bukit Jalil National Stadium ^^ and Yankee Stadium have the biggest--more than 20 rows each.

New Orleans Superdome?

http://i181.photobucket.com/albums/x137/migo_photo/Superdome.jpg
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2082/2180572081_c3697d6c64.jpg?v=0

Whoa, that's HUGE! ^^:omg: Looks like 25 rows--we could have a winner!

Estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=571998)

http://img87.imageshack.us/img87/3040/dsc09694kv0.jpg

Is it considered cantilevered too if it has pillars? I couldn't find translation for the word.

basically it means beam supported on only one end. Thing of bridges, balconies or stadium overhangs that are unsupported by posts or cables.

City Of Manchester Stadium (uk) has a big one....

http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/park/yfh45/eastlands1.jpg

Can you clear up the criteria we should be looking at? Is the number of seats that are "overhung" important, or simply the depth of the tier before you reach any supporting structure? There's no fixed correlation between the two - some cantilevered tiers are completely over another tier, some are over concourses/empty space.

It wasn't clear to me either and having read the subsequent posts, I still think it's in the eye of the beholder.

Consequently, I have a suggestion which may appease both factions:

http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/~LZ237/index_files/image001.jpg

The Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, San Siro, Milan, Italy.

Not only does it boast a significant overhang (I estimate around 15 rows from the picture above, from the front of T2 to the vomitory level), but it could be argued that as all the higher seating appears to occur at the same rake with only walls and walkways to break them up, that it qualifies as a massive second tier.

I always felt that the definition of a tier was that there had to be some overhang. Taken to its logical conclusion, it must therefore follow that the San Siro has only two tiers, but with a second tier that is, what, upto 60 rows deep?

http://www.msfc.com/images/p_met_stadium.jpg

Once upon a time, the MET torn down like 20 years ago. First stadium with clear span cantilevers on the planet, kept everyone nice and close.

http://www.fussballtempel.net/concacaf/USA/DKR_Texas_A.jpg

http://www.assessrisk.com/olympics04/olympics_013.jpg

Basicly the whole second tier is cantilivered

http://community.iexplore.com/photos/journal_photos/2381115-the_Olympic_stadium-Athens.jpg

http://www.ballparktour.com/Athens_Olympic_Stadium.jpg

Shanghai Stadium, China

"Did you know that this stadium has the world's longest cantilevered steel truss roof structure with fabric canopy and span of 300 meters?"

http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/china/shanghai_stadium1.jpg

http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/china/shanghai_stadium2.jpg


:eek2: :eek2: :eek2: :eek2: :eek2:


LINK: http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/asia/china/shanghai_stadium.shtml

Thats just a roof though, getting a seating area out on a full span cantilever is much more impressive (and the topic here). Besides 300m is the distance across the entire stadium, the longest individual span is probably 80m or 90m

RFK Stadium in Washinton DC. Another example of a cable reinforced cantilever system.

http://www.ballparktour.com/RFK505.jpg

This cantilever is not constant throughout the stadium however, as the lower movable stands are a varying depth of rows.

http://dcdaily.mlblogs.com/photos/nationals_archives/rfk10.jpg

The stadium in Braga / Portugal is quite extreme in a lot of ways, including overhang...

http://www.portugalmaispositivo.com/files/images/EstSBraga.preview.jpg

http://www.fascination-stadium.com/images/em2004/braga5.jpg

What about this one?
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2258/2516605440_d880a052eb_b.jpg

http://www.fussballtempel.net/uefa/GER/Olympiastadion_Muenchen_UEFA.jpeg

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3061/2727318391_6f89e7343a_b.jpg
bigger one
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wm_archiv/2727318391/sizes/o/


~83 rows

dortmunds is the best, i don't know why more clubs don't build large one tier ends behind the goal to create that intimidation factor, they look so crazy especially when packed!

penn state's beaver stadium has got some pretty big tiers...

http://collegerule.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/white1js9.gif

however that westfalenstadion stand is amazing

Is the Munich Olympic stadium still around? I thought they'd demolished it when Bayern Munich moved out?

Is the Munich Olympic stadium still around? I thought they'd demolished it when Bayern Munich moved out?

You must be crazy, it's a classed landmark of munchen olympic park :lol:

i believe that Beaver Stadium has over 100 rows

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2370/2479996812_12d6557368_b.jpg

Not the biggest, but LSU Tiger Stadium and Clemson Memorial Stadium both hold their own.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/LSU_Tiger_Stadium_west_side.jpg/800px-LSU_Tiger_Stadium_west_side.jpg
7P1rl701Fm8

LA Coliseum
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3636/3366870584_ebc8a792da_o.jpg

i believe that Beaver Stadium has over 100 rows

That's probably bigger than the one in Dortmund.
By the way the official stadium website from Dortmund says it's the biggest terracing stand in europe. It has a capacity of 24.454

So the next question that arises is: "Where is the biggest terracing stand in the world?"

But To get back to the Beaver Stadium. The question is, do we define it as a single tier or as two tiers, because there is a little step in the middle, which practically separates it into two different seating areas.
So guys, do we "officially" have one single tier in the beaver stadium, or do we have two tiers???

I'd vote for two actually, because of the step.

Here in Aachen we had a proposal where there would have been a simmilar gap in the tier and another row of entrances and all the fans here disliked it, because they viewed it as a two tier stadium and not a sigle tier.
So strictly viewed I'd vote for two tiers. But looking at the pic and the optics I'd kinda go for one tier, but it does look like two structrures, like an extension of a smaler tier, so that would probably also kind of be a "soft" argument for viewing it as two tiers, simply because it's also not even a single structure.
Unlike the Olympic Stadium in Munich for example which clearly has only one single tier. Ther velodrome in marseille (the pic posted by marco) I would view as two tiers. even though that#s a really difficult call because the gap in the tier is only in the middle, at the very outer edges, there is no gap.

^^ biggest terrace of old- ones i've heard of

North Bank- Wolverhampton Wanderers- 29,000+
Kop- Liverpool- 28,000
Holte End- Aston Villa- 29,000+

LA Coliseum
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3636/3366870584_ebc8a792da_o.jpg

large 1 tier bowls do look good to me, better than smaller ones. Hopefully a club will be brave and build a modern one... maybe a club historically has player in one but needs a new stadium, Roma???

The views from the back in pictures don't see bad at all.

Nebraska Memorial Stadium has 99 rows on the north endzone sections.

http://www.huskers.com//pdf7/132884.pdf?SPSID=398&SPID=22&DB_OEM_ID=100

I've been to a game here and sat in row 91 haha! The second picture is one that I took at the game I went to.

http://watsoninfo.com/images/ahusstadium.jpg

http://photos-d.ak.fbcdn.net/photos-ak-snc1/v372/108/88/1414890569/n1414890569_30199491_1864.jpg

That's probably bigger than the one in Dortmund.
By the way the official stadium website from Dortmund says it's the biggest terracing stand in europe. It has a capacity of 24.454

So the next question that arises is: "Where is the biggest terracing stand in the world?"

But To get back to the Beaver Stadium. The question is, do we define it as a single tier or as two tiers, because there is a little step in the middle, which practically separates it into two different seating areas.
So guys, do we "officially" have one single tier in the beaver stadium, or do we have two tiers???

I'd vote for two actually, because of the step.

Here in Aachen we had a proposal where there would have been a simmilar gap in the tier and another row of entrances and all the fans here disliked it, because they viewed it as a two tier stadium and not a sigle tier.
So strictly viewed I'd vote for two tiers. But looking at the pic and the optics I'd kinda go for one tier, but it does look like two structrures, like an extension of a smaler tier, so that would probably also kind of be a "soft" argument for viewing it as two tiers, simply because it's also not even a single structure.
Unlike the Olympic Stadium in Munich for example which clearly has only one single tier. Ther velodrome in marseille (the pic posted by marco) I would view as two tiers. even though that#s a really difficult call because the gap in the tier is only in the middle, at the very outer edges, there is no gap.

No, Beaver Stadium is one tier. That space is simply the entrance to the seats.

Also, Ohio Stadium, in the open end has 101 rows!

http://www.buckeyeplanet.com/forum/buckeye-ticket-forum/17436-ohio-stadium-seating-chart.html

I have been here, but never for a game.

http://www.killernuts.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/ohiostadium.jpg

http://www.killernuts.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/ohio_field_05_24_2007.jpg

Aztec Stadium--- Mexico City

http://img522.imageshack.us/img522/7786/s13sc.jpg




world cup mexico 1986

http://www.solofutbol.cl/Imagenes/imagenes%20mundiales%20de%20futbol/Mexico%201986/estadio%20azteca%201986.jpg

its insane how big those college football grounds in the states are

Virginia Tech, Lane stadium. Impressive stand !!
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3612/3366750977_6b833b6abb_o.jpghttp://farm4.static.flickr.com/3651/3366750927_f7604079ae_o.jpg

University of Florida, Ben Hill Griffin Stadium.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3470/3367593300_07186a813d_o.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3149/3367593014_f451272b8e_o.jpg

L.A., Memorial Coliseum.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3591/3366750427_a8ffcc82f6_b.jpg

Pasadena, Rose Bowl.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3655/3366750479_0ac1ed926d_b.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3455/3367603680_21b3a96bdc_b.jpg

University of Texas, Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3551/3366799473_7db8299292_o.jpg

Sydney, Stadium Australia (ANZ Stadium).http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3653/3366812827_819c188bb1_o.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3017/3366812789_e7d51798f3_o.jpg

Pyongyang, MayDay Stadium (the biggest stadium of the world)
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3562/3367655624_fa836a397f_b.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3448/3366839311_1b875e731f_o.jpg

But To get back to the Beaver Stadium. The question is, do we define it as a single tier or as two tiers, because there is a little step in the middle, which practically separates it into two different seating areas.
So guys, do we "officially" have one single tier in the beaver stadium, or do we have two tiers???

I'd vote for two actually, because of the step.

Surely if you can walk from the bottom row to the top row without leaving the seating area, it's one tier...

Very interesting the stadium in Pyongyang.

Any more info/fotos on it?

http://www.killernuts.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/ohiostadium.jpg

holy guacamoli. that was one hell of a massacre!

Very interesting the stadium in Pyongyang.

Any more info/fotos on it?

Rungnado May Day Stadium
opened in 1989
Capacity: 150,000 seats
best attendance: 190,000 (1995-World Championship Wrestling)

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3423/3367654296_5f1d55758a_o.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3631/3371236015_54b15c987a_b.jpg

Michigan Stadium (The Big House)

http://i133.photobucket.com/albums/q68/ThaMenace/234347648_d8d994f9ca.jpg

http://i133.photobucket.com/albums/q68/ThaMenace/stadium1.jpg

its insane how big those college football grounds in the states are

It is. And the funny thing is, they don't get used more than half a dozen times per season.

A lot of them also host comencements, and drum corps events. A number also host bowl games and some the given university soccer team/s, so they may get a little more use than that.

They certainly are huge, but their... how to say it... "quality standard" is quite lower than from those from pro teams. At least that is the impression that i get from seeing pictures and videos.

^^ biggest terrace of old- ones i've heard of

North Bank- Wolverhampton Wanderers- 29,000+
Kop- Liverpool- 28,000
Holte End- Aston Villa- 29,000+

Holte End currently holds the title for the largest all-seater Kop End.

http://www.avscstudleyandredditch.co.uk/photos/070519133922157.jpg

Here's a little history off the KOP - Its what made British Atmospheres notorious world-wide. Unfortunately. Some major disasters which inlcuded multiple deaths including 90+ at an FA Cup game led the call for all seater stadiums.

[/quote]"The Afrikaans name for the battle is Spioenkop; spioen for spy or look out and kop meaning hill or outcropping," wrote Liverpool Daily Post columnist Mike Chapple.

The first recorded reference to a sports terrace as Kop was at Woolwich Arsenal's Manor Ground in 1904, when a local newsman likened the silhouette of fans standing on a newly raised bank of earth to soldiers standing atop Spion Kop. Two years later, in 1906, Liverpool Echo sports editor Ernest Edwards noted of a new open-air embankment at Anfield: "This huge wall of earth has been termed 'Spion Kop', and no doubt this apt name will always be used in future in referring to this spot". The name was formally consummated in 1928 upon construction of a roof. It is thought to be the first terrace officially named Spion Kop. Many other English football clubs and some Rugby league clubs (such as Wigan's former home Central Park) followed suit and applied the same name to stands in later years.

Villa Park's old Holte End is historically the largest of all Kop ends closely followed by the old South Bank at Molineux, both once regularly holding crowds in excess of 30,000. By the mid 1980s Hillsborough's Kop had become the largest roofed terrace in Europe, with a capacity of around 25,000.[/quote]

This was a proposal for Molineux, Wolverhampton Wanderers in the early sixties. The South Bank Kop on the right hand side would've held over 35,000+ supporters in a single tier formation. The stadium would've housed over 30,000 seats also allowing over 80,000+ to watch Wolves who at the time were the biggest club in Europe.

http://www.londonwolves.com/assets/images/molineux60-61design.jpg

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v328/parkerspiece/NewMolyx.jpg

ANother plan which would've seen a 25,000 Kop in a 60,000+ stadium later to be expanded

http://img162.imageshack.us/img162/4593/mol902sc5.jpg

And another one in the late 80's

http://i23.photobucket.com/albums/b399/timwwfc2/molineuxplan80sre1.jpg


Put this into perspective.

This is Molineux today under new regulations. Only holds 28,500

http://www.footballgroundguide.com/wolverhampton_wanderers/Wolves20.jpg

AND THE SOUTHBANK ... JUST 5,400

http://www.footballgroundguide.com/wolverhampton_wanderers/Wolves23.jpg

Although this is too double in size and more under new plans being drawn up in attempt to make it one off the largest Kops in Europe again.

anz stadium, sydney , australia

http://www.panstadia.com/vol6/64c-big.jpg

They certainly are huge, but their... how to say it... "quality standard" is quite lower than from those from pro teams. At least that is the impression that i get from seeing pictures and videos.

Their quality is much better than it seems, but its bare bones. Construction wise these stadiums are fine, they just lack a fancy exterior, giving the impression of low quality. They serve their purpose well- get a lot of people in one place to watch a game. If you want luxury, go to an NFL game.

http://www.londonwolves.com/assets/images/molineux60-61design.jpg


Jesus Christ !!! :nuts: So ugly but very fascinating to say the least.
Too bad it was never built.

Their quality is much better than it seems, but its bare bones. Construction wise these stadiums are fine, they just lack a fancy exterior, giving the impression of low quality. They serve their purpose well- get a lot of people in one place to watch a game. If you want luxury, go to an NFL game.

A handful of programs do have stadiums with amenities approaching NFL levels (for the wealthy boosters and alumni)--Oklahoma, Penn State, Oklahoma State, etc., come to mind.

Does anybody else have some actual numbers??? I would like to see some real comparison.

Well, American Football stadiums seem to be huge but they are just built so they can hold a huge number of people while the Westfalenstadion has that terrace that is very steep/tall and even though the people are standing the size is impressing.
Still, does the stand have seats or it doesn't at all cause in European Games or at the World Cup I think they were obligated?

A handful of programs do have stadiums with amenities approaching NFL levels (for the wealthy boosters and alumni)--Oklahoma, Penn State, Oklahoma State, etc., come to mind.

Well, yes, but go into the bowels of Beaver Stadium and its kinda depressing.

Well, American Football stadiums seem to be huge but they are just built so they can hold a huge number of people while the Westfalenstadion has that terrace that is very steep/tall and even though the people are standing the size is impressing.
Still, does the stand have seats or it doesn't at all cause in European Games or at the World Cup I think they were obligated? All German stadiums can be transformed from terraces to all-seater.

All German stadiums can be transformed from terraces to all-seater.

Not all, the vast majority! Some are all seater anyway, and some are just too damn old!

Not all, the vast majority! Some are all seater anyway, and some are just too damn old! I was referring to those of CL/Uefa cup teams. And those are all transformable :)

I was referring to those of CL/Uefa cup teams. And those are all transformable :)

except hertha ;)

except hertha ;) Not like that Hertha is regular in Euro competitions.

Last time Hertha played in Europe they still had terracing there :)

Not like that Hertha is regular in Euro competitions.

Last time Hertha played in Europe they still had terracing there :)

what like this season??

http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/standings/round=15285/group=701538.html

Jesus Christ !!! :nuts: So ugly but very fascinating to say the least.
Too bad it was never built.

It would have been a terrific sight to see 80,000 fans in gold and black. If built it may have kept Wolves position as one of Europes top teams also. just 20 years late they suffered succesive relegations to Englands 4th tier and were almost declared bankrupt. Luckily the club were saved by a local millionaire who now owns the Bahamas. He was born around the corner from Molineux and had in his words, no choice but to invest in them.

Even under regulations enforced by the FA that 1960-61 molineux would house well over 50,000 people as an all-seater stadium. Id hazard a guess the largest Kop would have roughly 12-18,000 seats.

I think plans for new molineux is to increase thier current Kop end to a two tier structure and upwards off 10,000+

This is Dortmund.

http://www.stadionwelt.de/wmspecial/templates/stadionguides/dortmund/images/innen_06.jpg

what like this season??

http://www.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/standings/round=15285/group=701538.html One season of playing in UEFA Cup hardly makes them regulars.

One season of playing in UEFA Cup hardly makes them regulars.

you said last time they played in Europe they still had terracing which isn't true.

They've played in europe 3 of the last 4 years.

and i can remember them playing chelsea in the champions league in 1999/2000 and i don't think the olympic stadium even had terracing then...

you said last time they played in Europe they still had terracing which isn't true.

They've played in europe 3 of the last 4 years.

and i can remember them playing chelsea in the champions league in 1999/2000 and i don't think the olympic stadium even had terracing then... Didn't Olympic stadium had terraces on goal ends until WC 2006 renovations?

What Liverpools KOP could've looked like

http://www.ianritchiearchitects.co.uk/images/anfield/anfield03.jpg

What it will look like

http://www.newanfield.co.uk/NEWANFIELD%20KOP%20BIG.jpg

Tranmere

http://v4admin.sportnetwork.net/upload/383/383_0_1217183077.jpg

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_m8oQxtunwO0/R1SDTfjMw_I/AAAAAAAAAV0/q-WQ7CgWuDk/s1600-R/800px-Stretford_End.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Stretford_end_1992.JPG

What it will look like

http://www.newanfield.co.uk/NEWANFIELD%20KOP%20BIG.jpg


Together with Dortmund by far the best stand in the world.

Didn't Olympic stadium had terraces on goal ends until WC 2006 renovations?

Not as far as i know. I remember reading Hertha were one of the only major teams with out a terraced end.

Together with Dortmund by far the best stand in the world.

Just imagine if it was actual terracing, or some safe standing set up (like in many German stadiums). It would be immense!

About the May Day Stadium in Pyongyang...watching some pics of the one-tier stand, i could determine it has aprox. 74 rows. I couldn't find any pics showing a general view of the stadium, or one showing it empty. All there is in the net are pics showing those masive choreographies with colored boards and strange patterns. I had to compare this 2 pics:

http://i40.tinypic.com/312xw1w.jpg http://i40.tinypic.com/10xawdz.jpg
Pics by Grete Howard (http://www.flickr.com/photos/11683866@N06/)

http://www.ianritchiearchitects.co.uk/images/anfield/anfield03.jpg
that would be way better than what liverpool will build. but just imagine how much better that could be if it was standing room rather seats

http://www.ianritchiearchitects.co.uk/images/anfield/anfield03.jpg
that would be way better than what liverpool will build. but just imagine how much better that could be if it was standing room rather seats

intimidating, but no one wants intimidating any more, they want relaxed and free spending :bash:

Where's the "biggest tier" thread gone?


This stand on the right looks pretty big, (Olympic University stadium, Mexico)

http://img440.imageshack.us/img440/6347/cu1vq6.jpg

Toyota Stadium, Japan. Not that big, but look at the steepness! :nuts:

It's my favourite stadium in Japan - I was disappointed it wasn't used in the 2002 WC - and it looks a lot larger than 45,000 seats!

http://i40.tinypic.com/imrz9y.jpg

http://i243.photobucket.com/albums/ff249/aguitasmex2007/Stadium%20Pictures/ae83.jpg

http://i40.tinypic.com/s1kug3.jpg

http://i40.tinypic.com/2ev7tcl.jpg

^^ wow, why the hell wasn't that used?

The stadium would've housed over 30,000 seats also allowing over 80,000+ to watch Wolves who at the time were the biggest club in Europe.


Of course they were.

^^ wow, why the hell wasn't that used?

:nuts: It was built in 2001, and has a capacity of 45,000. No other stadium was used in the city of Toyota... so I don't have a clue! Perhaps they just didn't need it!

I'd like Toyota Stadium's roof technology to be used more.

^ Yeah I forgot to mention it has a retractable roof. The best thing about it that when the roof is shut it doesn't feel enclosed like an indoor arena - this is because so much natural light floods in through the corners and above the stands. Rain proof and an outside atmosphere...well done Japan :)

Of course they were.

LOL he's hilarious isn't he

It was built in 2001, and has a capacity of 45,000. No other stadium was used in the city of Toyota... so I don't have a clue! Perhaps they just didn't need it!

Maybe the fact that japan had 10 other stadiums, although i'd would've dropped one of thos athletics stadiums, i hate multipurpose stadiums which don't cater = to both disciplines

Which stand and which stadiums was one of the first 3 tier one?

Bernabeu has got 3 tiers, but the 3rd tier was added in the 1988 (as far as i remember)
Camp Nou's 3rd tier was added in 1982

Ibrox and Stamford and have got old stands with 3 tiers.

Which stand and which stadiums was one of the first 3 tier one?

Bernabeu has got 3 tiers, but the 3rd tier was added in the 1988 (as far as i remember)
Camp Nou's 3rd tier was added in 1982

Ibrox and Stamford and have got old stands with 3 tiers.

I think Goodison Park was the first stadium in England to have 3 tiers. It was also the first stadium to use under soil heating.

The three-tiered stand at Goodison only dates back to 1971 - it was the first three-tier in Britain, but I doubt it's the oldest in the world.

^^ err that's why he said the first stadium in England.

croke park has many rows and tiers too

http://www.smemon.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/from_the_hill.jpg

Which stand and which stadiums was one of the first 3 tier one?

Bernabeu has got 3 tiers, but the 3rd tier was added in the 1988 (as far as i remember)
Camp Nou's 3rd tier was added in 1982

Ibrox and Stamford and have got old stands with 3 tiers.

Yankee Stadium (the original, baseball) alway had a three tier grandstand, and opened in 1923.

Ryan Field (American Football) outside of Chicago was originally going to have a pair of 3 tier stands on the sidelines, with two tier ones on the ends and a capacity of 72,000 back in 1926, however the money wasn't there so it was build with a two tier main stand and a lower single level one opposite with about 34,000 seats. However it was built to take additional levels of seating on both sides but those expansions never happened.

Metropolitan Stadium (baseball/American Football) in suburban Minneapolis was the first three tier stadium with full cantilevered upper tiers. it opened in 1956.

As far as Association Football stadiums go I can't say, but its been a trend in the US for some time.

Now its not a trend?

No, it still is, Many of the 60s and 70s "cookie cutter" stadiums were 3 or 4 tier buildings. Most of the new baseball and football stadiums are 3 tier. Just pointing out that its not that recent a development.

Here is one of Yankee Stadium from 1923. Not sure if the picture is actually from 1923, but that's how it looked until they expanded the stadium around the foul poles. The capacity for this picture would've been 58,000!

http://www.baseball-fever.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=3017&stc=1&d=1123238395

sorry if this is already done before, anyone know what the steepest tiers are? also is there a limit stands cant go past??

some iv found

the bernabau
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2113/1714255054_a4b0d61aaa_o.jpg


mastella

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3175/2958094334_d3ddbbfb7b_b.jpg

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/212/461459756_16daa6302c_b.jpg

I'm fairly certain those stands would be illegal in the UK. So as far as limits go, it would vary from country to country.

is there a limit stands cant go past??

Legally, physically or practically?

SUch steep stand makes a stadium looking much bigger than it actually is.

Another example: Toyota Stadium in Toyota. Hard to believe it only hosts around 45,000 fans.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2008_Nabisco_Cup_at_Toyota_stadium.jpg/750px-2008_Nabisco_Cup_at_Toyota_stadium.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Toyotastadium20031212.jpg/800px-Toyotastadium20031212.jpg

Steepest angle for stadiums is 45°
Bernabeu and Boca's 3rd has got 45°
I think Mestalla's 3rd one also

hang on a minute now sercan... are you saying that the steepest allowed angle is 45 ° ? i know that the mestalla and probably some other stadium has 45 degree tiers , but isnt the steepest angle ALLOWED something around 36 degrees ?

At modern stadia max. is is 36,9° (as far as i remember).
So 80cm row depth and 60cm row height.

At Bernabeu etc the row depth is under 80cm.

I think 45° is not allowed in England (36°?), germany and Italy (41°).
But i am not sure if there is a limit in Spain etc

Steepest angle for stadiums is 45°
Bernabeu and Boca's 3rd has got 45°
I think Mestalla's 3rd one also

Third tier Mestella is not 45 degrees. I´ve been there and sat there against Villarreal. Also to experiance a tier that steep.
I more or less messured it up with some brochure i found (:nuts:) and it was not 1 on 1. So it´s less then 45 degrees.
The steepness was not realy a problem or something. the way up was a nice climb though.
45 degrees for me is exceptable.

The biggest single tier football-only stadium in Europe is being built in Poland, Wroclaw for Euro 2012:

Ostatnia seria na dziś

http://static4.investmap.pl/g/228/100/9444.fullsize.jpg

http://static5.investmap.pl/g/229/101/9445.fullsize.jpg
http://static6.investmap.pl/g/230/102/9446.fullsize.jpg
http://static7.investmap.pl/g/231/103/9447.fullsize.jpg
http://static8.investmap.pl/g/232/104/9448.fullsize.jpg
http://static9.investmap.pl/g/233/105/9449.fullsize.jpg
http://static0.investmap.pl/g/234/106/9450.fullsize.jpg
http://static1.investmap.pl/g/235/107/9451.fullsize.jpg
http://static2.investmap.pl/g/236/108/9452.fullsize.jpg
http://static3.investmap.pl/g/237/109/9453.fullsize.jpg
http://static7.investmap.pl/g/241/113/9457.fullsize.jpg

It will host 42,000 fans.
I wonder, if there are any bigger single-tier modern football-only stadiums in the world? If yes, please post links and info.

Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2460/3685355801_234543080a_b_d.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/39669102@N07/

I wonder, if there are any bigger single-tier modern football-only stadiums in the world? If yes, please post links and info.

I posted the same question pages and pages ago on the stadium thread. I believe the answer is no and that's why, for me at least, it's the one I'm most looking forward to seeing completed. :banana:

^^ thanks for the answer Luke.

One more pic from inside:
http://i598.photobucket.com/albums/tt70/rszmit/Drogowy/Wroclaw_inwestycje_wrzesien/Wro_Stadion__open_day/pano_1.jpg?t=1286796962

Stade Maurice Dufrasne (Sclessin), Standard de Liège, Liége Belgium

I don't know if it's anywhere near the steepest tier in the world, but it definetely has by far the steepest tiers that Iv'e ever been on.

view from inside:
http://www.stadionwelt.de/sw_stadien/fotos/stadionlisten/belgien/stade_sclessin/280.jpg

view from outside:
http://www.stadionwelt.de/sw_stadien/fotos/stadionlisten/belgien/stade_sclessin/370.jpg

the entire picture gallery on Stadionwelt.de:
http://www.stadionwelt.de/sw_stadien/index.php?folder=sites&site=fotos&id=405&page=1

I son't how steep the stands oficially are, but it sure feels like more than 45° when you're up there on one.

I wish I can play in that stadiums.. :(
http://www.skoopy.com/content/images/throwfail.gif

Which ground/stadium currently holds the largest capacity as a single tier construction?

Code and division alert though; football, soccer, australian football, rugby, speedway, baseball, cricket, etc.

I would have thought the Michigan Stadium in its present guise would qualify for the largest single-tiered stadium in any code with an alleged capacity of 109.901.

http://eastprairiepe.wikispaces.com/file/view/10041948A%7EMichigan-Stadium-University-of-Michigan-Football-Posters.jpg/34722451/10041948A%7EMichigan-Stadium-University-of-Michigan-Football-Posters.jpg

I swear there is already a thread on this.

One would have assumed the 160,000 capacity Bristol Motor Speedway would have been a contender for the largest capacity one tiered stadium, if it hadn't been for the shallow elevated second tier at one end.

However and allegedly, the lower tier must be one of, if not the, largest single tier ever contructed at a stadium.

http://www.etsu.edu/com/biochem/pictures/bms.jpg

Nebraska has an enormous one, but it isn't as big as either of those.

http://www.radiohamburg.de/var/ezflow_site/storage/images/radiohh/sport/fussball/2011/august/welle-fuer-pauli/01-st.pauli-gegengerade/6732782-1-ger-DE/01-St.Pauli-Gegengerade_image_660.jpg

Click the Link to see a video.
http://www.mopo.de/sport/fc-st--pauli/millerntor--st--pauli-plant-die-perfekte-welle/-/5067040/9565360/-/

That's not inverted terracing though - that's radically overhanging tiers.

By the way, terracing is the english term for standing areas, instead of seats.

This stand here looks spectacular and kinda radical and nice, but I believe it has some safety issues which would have to be solved.

Just immagine people throwing half filled beermugs from the upper tiers.
Those would end up being really dangerous "bombs" for sectators in the lower tier/s of the stand as well as the players referees and other officials.

Another problem, especially in the club where this proposal has been made. Happen to be drunken fans climbing up anything they can climb and then falling down getting seriously injured.
This has been a pretty serious recent issue, as well as throwing beermugs which just resulted in the club having to play their first homegame of the season away in Lübeck.

So I believe this stands upper hanging tiers would most definetely have to be completely closed with nets. And that would drastically reduce the viewing experiance.

Another issue should probably be the view in the last or last few rows of each hangig tier, where the view will most likely be reduced to the field itself and hardly any view of the opposite stand, due to the next higher tier hanging in front above, And it would also be impossible to see any of the crowd in all of the tiers below. So a lot of the views in that stand, even though they might not be officially obstructed, would end up being limited to just being able to see the pitch and hardly much of the crowd inside the stadium. Much sort of like a Television or classic theater kind of spectator experience I guess. The video only shows the nicer optimum views in each of the hanging tiers lower or front rows, but not the poorer views in the back.

The net issue would be the effect on the stadium atmosphere, with all these numerous small and very isolated tiers. As well as the effect on the accoustics in the stand where noise would most likely ne reflected back down but not really onto the pitch and certainly not up int the upper next few higher tiers.
That should probably make it rather difficult for the crowd on the stand to sing and support in a synchronized way or for Laolas and other optical support possibillities.

All in all it doesn't seem to be a very beneficial or preferable kind of construction to me, unless there is only very limited space available to build a stand with a high capacity. But that isn't really the case in St. Pauli.
A better possibility might probably be not a spectacular "wave kind" of Profile but instead just stacking classical tiers with a very large or complete overhang on top of each other. In the case of this stadium here, the Millerntor-Stadion possibly two or three classical tiers simply "stacked" right on top of each nearly completely overlapping each other or at least overlapping very much. Kind of simmilar to the way it can sometimes be found in old classical theaters, just bigger.
It would end up having pretty simmilar disadvantages though, but would at least allow for not chopping up the crowd into many isolated tiers but just splitting up the crowd into two or three preferably large tiers instead, which then at least still allows a halfwhat reasonable crowd experiance for the visitors.

This wave profile of a stand is in my opinion only really good for a main stand in order to place VIP boxes and business seats up and close to the pitch, with a spectacular view, and only in a small or medium sized stadium. Those spectators would also not be expected to throw with beermugs and they could have a prime quality theater type of spectator experience high above the crowd down below. That way it would end up being very simmilar to the row of sky boxes they have hanging underneath the roof on the new main stand in Bielefeld.

Those three top tiers don't look very safe to be honest.

It looks great, but would it even work? The first three tiers are very steep, and if moved forwards over the ones below, it doesn't look like you actually be able to see the whole pitch from the top tiers.

Looks like a disaster waiting to happen.

...White Elephant....

This sort progressively further overhanging upper levels has been used occasionally in large music venues since the Auditorium building in 1889. This method tends to amplify volume levels, especially towards the back of the hall and in the upper balconies. Despite being that old and as big as it is (almost 5,000 seats when it opened) the Auditorium is considered by many conductors and musicians to be the best space acoustically for classical music in Chicago. I don't know if the acoustic properties would work in similar fashion nor why one would use a design device for concert acoustics in a football stadium, though I would guess not more than another overhanging design in my opinion. It would also be a really expensive option given how much more structure the roof would need, and how many more separate support spaces would be needed to serve the litany of tiers of seating.
Kind of reminds me of a horse track grandstand.

Eye sore

very nice.
http://www.primeaffiliate.com/track/images/15.art.jpg

When it's safe (regarding hundreds of jumping supporters), yeah build it by any means. Would be a unique and irregular stand for a unique and irregular team (St. Pauli). But it doesn't look safe at all...

that looks terrible. should only be done if space is extremely limited. also, I cannot imagine the view from the upper tiers being very good. wouldn't the sight lines be cut?

that looks terrible. should only be done if space is extremely limited. also, I cannot imagine the view from the upper tiers being very good. wouldn't the sight lines be cut?

The top tier would need to be about a 45 degree pitch in order to see unless it's only one row. It looks to be only 1 or 2 rows.

Kinda reminds me of old Yankee Stadium with the top tier towering over the one below

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1269/1290227376_4c9e632c6a_z.jpg?zz=1
http://www.flickr.com/photos/belleairbeach/1290227376/