Ang ako lang gyud nga ubos nga hubad aning kagubot sa hunahuna kay mao ni:

Ingon si Pigafetta nga ang isla sa Mattam gitung-an sa Bohol ug Zubbu (Sugbo). Ang isla sauna gitawag ug "Opon", pero ang lugar nga giawayan usa ka balangay gitawag ug "Maktan". Ang isla sa Mactang, Camotes gitung-an sa isla sa Sugbo ug Leyte.
Ang gisugid ni Pigafetta nga nilarga ang mga sakayan sa mga taga Sugbo nikuyog ni Magallanes paingon sa Mattam (Maktan) tungang-gabii ug naabot sa lugar pagka kaadlawon. Kay de-layag man ang ilang gisakyan o pinaagi sa bugsay, igo-igo ra gyud tingali ang dili molapas upat ka oras nga pag bordaje patubang sa balangay sa maktan. Dili sab nato maingon nga inig abot sa lugar, mo-diretso lang ug hanglas ang mga sakayan sa baybay nga dili maghimo ug formation para sa giyera!
Ang mga sugilanon nga gi-sandig sa mga nasuwat ni Pigafetta ug mga tripolante nga nakatiwas sa ilang panaw libot sa kalibutan usa ka bahin sa tibuok nga estorya. Atong hinumduman nga ang mga sakop ni Humabon nga gi-ingnan ni Magallanes nga patan-awon lang ug unsaon sa mga Katsila pagpilde sa gubat ang taga Maktan diha sab sa dagat haduol sa kumbate ug mao usab ang nagsulti sa ilang mga kaliwat bahin sa tinuod nga nahitabo.

Kon atong ibutang nga tinuod ang pagpangangkon sa uban nga sa Camotes nahitabo ang away (bisan ug naghinobra ang kalisud pagmatuod), mahimo usab natong lalison nga basin Cilapulapu dili sab taga Sugbo. Basin ang taga Leyte makaingon sab nga Leytenyo si Lapulapu!

Kon duna'y nakuykuyan nga mga bukog kaniadto sa Camotes, ngano nga wa man nila mahimo-i ug carbon-dating aron masayran ug mo-igo ba ang edad sa mga tawo adtong 1521? Kinahanglan gyud unta na siyang desisyonan sa NHI susama sa ilang gihimo sa lalis bahin sa unang misa sa Pilipinas; Limasawa o sa Masaua, Butuan. (to which, Limasawa was decided to be the site of the first mass based on Pigafetta's reckoning.)
Hangtud lang dinhi.

I have a copy of Pigafetta's Beinecke manuscript (French version) and its translation by Skelton. A digital version can also be accessed via this link: http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/dl_crosscollex/brbldl/oneITEM.asp?pid=2017752&iid=1068935&srchtype=ITEM

Pigafetta drew many maps in his diary of the voyage and fortunately, he drew maps of the Leyte-Cebu region. Please note that these maps are oriented South-North. I have copied the maps (with appropriate citations) and incorporated a current map of the area to show that Pigafetta was able to capture the general shapes and locations of the islands, despite the limited tools available around that time. On Page 73 of the translation by Skelton, Pigafetta wrote that they remained 7 days in Limasawa and left the island on the sixth of April 1521, "passing through five islands, namely Ceylon (S. Leyte), Bohol, Canighan (Canigao), Baibai (Leyte), and Gatighan (presumably one of the Cuatros Islas)." They were accompanied by the king of Limasawa but the "King of Mazzaua could not follow us, wherefore we awaited him near three islands, namely Polo (Poro), Ticobon, and Pozzon (Ponson)." The names of present day Camotes Islands were already assigned by the "locals" by the time Magellan sailed into the area. They stayed anchored overnight near present day Camotes Is., and sailed into Cebu on 7 April 1521, presumably accompanied by their friends from Limasawa. Within 10 days of his arrival, Magellan met his death after intervening in local politics. In the map of Mactan, Pigafetta wrote over Mattan (Mactan) "Icy mourut le capitaine general" which roughly translates into "this is where the Captain General died." In the composite map below, the red line on Panel C traces Magellan's route as the fleet sailed around S. Leyte, their stopover in Limasawa, their route towards the Camotes, and their route towards Cebu. The red line in Panel A shows the fleet arriving in the Cebu-Mactan channel, from the general direction of Camotes Is. In the present day, Magellan's route from Limasawa to Cebu would resemble the composite route taken by ships from Maasin, traversing up the Canigao Channel, and ships departing Baybay. Vessels plying the Ormoc-Cebu route generally sail north of the Camotes Is.

In summary, Pigafetta's maps help to confirm that Magellan met his death on Mactan and that this skirmish likely occurred on the north part of the island. What is amazing is that Pigafetta was able to accurately write down extant names of places around that time: Bohol, Baibai, Canighan, Pozzon, etc.

http://im1.shutterfly.com/media/47a2da35b3127cceff8951ea08be00000030O00AcMWjlu5ZOWgPbz4S/cC/f%3D0/ps%3D50/r%3D0/rx%3D550/ry%3D400/

^^tinuod gyud na. lisod gyud na baguhon ang kasaysayan ilabi na kung napatik ug napasa na kini sa nagkalain-laing henerasyon maski imo pa mapamatudan nga adunay mga sayop sa pipila ka mga bahin niini. we have a saying that goes, 'a lie often told becomes the truth' but im not also saying that the Battle of Mactan was a lie, the mere fact nga gipamutangan ng mga monumento indicates na dinha gyud ng lugara nahitabo kay wala gyud na kalimti ug gihandum na gyud na sa mga taw kaniadto pa.

dili dayon makahukom ang mga taga camotes nga sa ilang lugar nahitabo ang away ni Lapu-Lapu ug Magellan kay kahibalo biya si Humabon kung asa ang lugar sa iyang kontra nga naa ra atbang sa isla sa Mactan. Gawas kung naay amnesia si Humabon pataka lang panghatag ug direksyon! :lol:

Im not sure kung unsa gyud ang ruta ni Magellan padulong Mactan pero kung imong iconsiderar ang panahon sauna (1500s), Magellan and his men were not yet familiar with our sea lanes because first time pa nila sa Cebu so basin diay nadugay sila pagadto sa Mactan kay daghan sila'g nasugatan nga mga shallow portions esp. that Cebu and Mactan used to have shallow waters which is difficult to navigate so sakto ra gyud ng usa ka adlaw nakaabot sila sa Mactan kay imposible pud kung madala nila'g usa ka adlaw ang Camotes to think nga pwerteng hinaya managan sa mga galeon sauna esp. that ships during those time only rely on wind currents which are mostly felt in the open seas and because Cebu is surrounded by islands, hinay ra gyud ang hangin kay maalihan man sa mga tagas nga bukid! huna-hunaa nga wala pay barko de motor or de makina saunang panahon! :D


there are two possible routes that Magellan could have taken on their way to Mactan.

Route 1
http://a7.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/s720x720/534804_3482424510005_1553101576_33010317_808450664_n.jpg

Route 2
http://a8.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/s720x720/534804_3482424630008_1553101576_33010318_1894106156_n.jpg


Now, I'd rather go for Route 1 kay mas taas2x siya so possible nalangay sila kay gituyok pa nila ang Mactan. First time tourists biya ni sila so everything they see is new to them! if naa lay camera sauna, basin nalukop sila'g picture taking! :lol::rofl::D

The following is a translation of an excerpt of Alvo's log. Alvo was a pilot on one of Magellan's ships and was among the 18 who returned to Spain in 1522. In the pilot's log, the route taken by Magellan's ships is clearly documented, as they sailed from the Camotes Is. to the Mactan channel, that is, they sailed S.W. from Camotes Is., entered the channel, and somewhere "mid-channel," they "went west", and entered into Cebu. My guess is that the fleet sailed and anchored near the Tayud area. Very interesting reading from a point of view of a pilot. In the second paragraph, Alvo notes the presence of shoals; they had Limasawan "harbor pilots" with them, and these local navigators helped Magellan navigate these waters.

Reference: Translated from the Accounts of Pigafetta and Other Contemporary Writers By Antonio Pigafetta. Edited by Henry Edward John Stanley. Cambridge Library Collection - Hakluyt First Series Publisher: Cambridge University Press Print Publication Year: 2010
Online Publication Date: October 2010 A copy of the log book is also available from this link: http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511708046&cid=CBO9780511708046A015

http://im1.shutterfly.com/media/47a2da35b3127cceff887ae1687400000030O00AcMWjlu5ZOWgPbz4S/cC/f%3D0/ps%3D50/r%3D0/rx%3D550/ry%3D400/

heard from the cctn channel 47 news that the gabii sa kabilin will be a yearly undertakings with the city declaring one day in may as the gabii sa kabilin. mora ug duna nay city ordinance nga gipasar sa consejo for approval. just hoping this will become a regular event for our cultural heritage is what makes us cebuanos who we are.

Old Cebu

http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7217/7248324226_362ff3f964_c.jpg


http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8168/7253587322_f8cd0ab532_c.jpg


http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7100/7252936854_eec5409e7a_c.jpg


http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7223/7240642878_3d3e863f5a_z.jpg
flickr pics by @John T. Pilot (http://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/)



:D

dp

http://usarmy.vo.llnwd.net/e2/-images/2010/06/06/76087/size0-army.mil-76087-2010-06-07-100638.jpg

Macabebe Scouts in Cebu. May 1900. Philippine-American War. Macabebes were native troops used by the United States to crush the rebellion.

Can anyone here give me information about Vicente Sotto? I just need a brief profile about him and his contribution to Cebu. Thanks. :)

vicente sotto is featured in cctn channel 47 sa ilang segment nga "sugbuanon ni!" i hope naa na sa ilang website ang content sa ilang mga shows.

I think I'll have to go visit the Cebuano Studies Centre in TC.

I think I'll have to go visit the Cebuano Studies Centre in TC.

the better cuz i think the center is now named after him

delete

Bogo Church 1927

http://desmond.imageshack.us/Himg831/scaled.php?server=831&filename=putijune2012018.jpg&res=landing

WOW had been looking for a picture of Bogo pre WWII church for so long. If the original is yours, would it be possible to ask for a better scan

Bogo Church 1927

http://desmond.imageshack.us/Himg831/scaled.php?server=831&filename=putijune2012018.jpg&res=landing

Nice blog about Cebu's heritage: http://cebuheritage.net/

Busy ang mga heritage vanguards sa Cebu dah :)

Naa unta ko'y pangutana, ambot kung sakto ba ni...Sa wa pa ta masakop sa mga Katsila ba, ang atong mga kagikan kay ninggamit na ba og concepto sa kwarta para sa trading o barter trade pa?

Salamat daan.

Nice blog about Cebu's heritage: http://cebuheritage.net/

Busy ang mga heritage vanguards sa Cebu dah :)

Naa unta ko'y pangutana, ambot kung sakto ba ni...Sa wa pa ta masakop sa mga Katsila ba, ang atong mga kagikan kay ninggamit na ba og concepto sa kwarta para sa trading o barter trade pa?

Salamat daan.


Wala tay konsepto sa kwarta becuase our ancestors were into barter. But if you ask why do we have such a term as "way sapi" or "salapi" it was influenced by the Portuguese who were in Malacca. The word "salapi" comes from the Malay word "kahati" which is half of a toston or Portuguese peso.

In addition, in Bantayan, the word salapi still refers to 50 centavos but in Manila it means money. :lol:

Wala tay konsepto sa kwarta becuase our ancestors were into barter. But if you ask why do we have such a term as "way sapi" or "salapi" it was influenced by the Portuguese who were in Malacca. The word "salapi" comes from the Malay word "kahati" which is half of a toston or Portuguese peso.

In addition, in Bantayan, the word salapi still refers to 50 centavos but in Manila it means money. :lol:

My uncle who happened to be separated from the family during WW2 managed to escape Cebu and sailed to the neighboring island of Negros (by sailboat) and married a Negrense. It was until the early 60's that my uncle came back to see his brothers in Cebu. I do remember my uncle talking about "salapi", meaning 50 centavos! I guess Cebuano-speaking people in Negros Oriental also say "salapi" --> 50 centavos!

Wala tay konsepto sa kwarta becuase our ancestors were into barter. But if you ask why do we have such a term as "way sapi" or "salapi" it was influenced by the Portuguese who were in Malacca. The word "salapi" comes from the Malay word "kahati" which is half of a toston or Portuguese peso.

In addition, in Bantayan, the word salapi still refers to 50 centavos but in Manila it means money. :lol:


Metal (Gold, Silver, Bronze, Copper etc...) as a medium of exchange became dominant with the Spanish Colonizers. Mainly Silver coins found itself dominantly used as was used with other Spanish colonies. Patterns for Philippine use were conceptualized as early as 1701 with Barillo (bronze) The first Philippine minted coin was the barilla (1766). This was followed by The Octavo, Quarto, Dos Quartos and Quatro Quarto (1771-1835). All were made from "cheap" metal copper or bronze.

These were "poor man's" money. The Spanish authorities just dumped cheap metals to Chinese craftsmen in the now Binondo area. There were no coin quality checks done during delivery. It is easy to find varieties as these were "hand made". One coin of the same denomination and year may vary in the Spanish Lion's tounge's length, the belly or the angle of the head. Some of the Chinese crafting can not read or write the alphabet. Coins such dated 9281 instead 1829 were in circulation. Some of the coins bore unreadable markings.

There is a claim that the button sized undated Silver quartello was specially minted for Philippine use.

Coins with marks Islas Filipinas
Silver coins minted
Isabel II bust from 1864-1868 - 10, 20, 50 centimos
Alfonso XII bust from 1880-1885 - 10, 20, 50 centimos
Alfonso XIII bust 1897 - Peso
Gold
Isabel II bust from 1861-1868 - peso, dos pesos, quatro pesos
Alfonso XII bust from 1880-1885 - Quatro Pesos

American Philadelphia and San Francisco mints produced the Philippime coins starting with the dated 1903 - 1c, 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c and 1 Peso.

The Cuion coins, 1913-1927 were minted in the US

Manila Mint started with the coins dated 1936.

The Philippine 1944-1945 coins were minted in the US

Wala tay konsepto sa kwarta becuase our ancestors were into barter. But if you ask why do we have such a term as "way sapi" or "salapi" it was influenced by the Portuguese who were in Malacca. The word "salapi" comes from the Malay word "kahati" which is half of a toston or Portuguese peso.

In addition, in Bantayan, the word salapi still refers to 50 centavos but in Manila it means money. :lol:

Daghan salamat, agawon...:cheers:

Metal (Gold, Silver, Bronze, Copper etc...) as a medium of exchange became dominant with the Spanish Colonizers. Mainly Silver coins found itself dominantly used as was used with other Spanish colonies. Patterns for Philippine use were conceptualized as early as 1701 with Barillo (bronze) The first Philippine minted coin was the barilla (1766). This was followed by The Octavo, Quarto, Dos Quartos and Quatro Quarto (1771-1835). All were made from "cheap" metal copper or bronze.

These were "poor man's" money. The Spanish authorities just dumped cheap metals to Chinese craftsmen in the now Binondo area. There were no coin quality checks done during delivery. It is easy to find varieties as these were "hand made". One coin of the same denomination and year may vary in the Spanish Lion's tounge's length, the belly or the angle of the head. Some of the Chinese crafting can not read or write the alphabet. Coins such dated 9281 instead 1829 were in circulation. Some of the coins bore unreadable markings.

There is a claim that the button sized undated Silver quartello was specially minted for Philippine use.

Coins with marks Islas Filipinas
Silver coins minted
Isabel II bust from 1864-1868 - 10, 20, 50 centimos
Alfonso XII bust from 1880-1885 - 10, 20, 50 centimos
Alfonso XIII bust 1897 - Peso
Gold
Isabel II bust from 1861-1868 - peso, dos pesos, quatro pesos
Alfonso XII bust from 1880-1885 - Quatro Pesos

American Philadelphia and San Francisco mints produced the Philippime coins starting with the dated 1903 - 1c, 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c and 1 Peso.

The Cuion coins, 1913-1927 were minted in the US

Manila Mint started with the coins dated 1936.

The Philippine 1944-1945 coins were minted in the US

Thanks, Taga_Bogo. This is very informative. Karon pa ko nga hasta diay 1944-45 nga sinsilyo imported pa. :)

Daghan salamat, agawon...:cheers:

Way sapayan, bossing. :)

Thanks, Taga_Bogo. This is very informative. Karon pa ko nga hasta diay 1944-45 nga sinsilyo imported pa. :)

This was the US's response in preparation for the eventual re-taking of the Philippine Islands. US wanted to set monetary standards to replace currency used in the Philippines during WWII (Japanes, Emergency, Guerilla, etc...) The 44 and 45 coins were minted before the Philippines was liberated.

WOW had been looking for a picture of Bogo pre WWII church for so long. If the original is yours, would it be possible to ask for a better scan

I took the pix from the fading family album also turning brown.

Hi friends allow me to post a picture of Professor Dante Guidetti, the Italian architect and sculptor who resided in Cebu.

http://i153.photobucket.com/albums/s223/arnold_carl/cebuheritage/dante08.jpg

He was famous for his work in Vision Theater, Christ the King statue in Carcar, the funerary monument at the Osmena Mausoleum, etc.

He was also an architect and he designed the San Carlos Borromeo church (photo below) in San Carlos City, Negros Occidental. Thanks to sir Carlos Apuhin for confirming that the church is indeed the one in San Carlos City. Unfortunately this magnificent structure was heavily renovated in the 1970s thus losing its "European" look. This is how the church looks right now, http://www.experiencenegros.com/wp-content/gallery/diocese-of-san-carlos-churches/san-carlos-borromeo-san-carlos.jpg

http://i153.photobucket.com/albums/s223/arnold_carl/cebuheritage/dante03.jpg


There's a particular certification issued in 1938 (the year that he was gaining re-entry to Italy) by the Italian consulate in Manila that mentioned about him as an avid supporter of the Fascist idea but still I can't understand its meaning between the lines especially when taken in context with the other paragraphs.

The Italian dictator Benito Mussolini came to power from 1922 up to 1943. The professor went abroad from 1924 up to 1938 (one year in Singapore and thirteen years in the Philippines). He came back to Italy only to serve again in World War II. Was he trying to avoid something in Italy? Perhaps persecution from Mussolini?

Also it was mentioned in that certification that while he was in the Philippines, he tried to establish a "Fascio." What does fascio mean?

Anyway here is the article that I wrote about Dante Guidetti using all the raw information that I got,

http://cebuheritage.net/2012/08/17/dante-guidetti-artist-soldier-and-teacher






.:.

I took the pix from the fading family album also turning brown.

Thanks for the info

Would it be possible to put the names of the people on the picture

Happy 43rd Charter Day, Mandaue City, and happy 75th anniversary to the city hall building!

http://i153.photobucket.com/albums/s223/arnold_carl/mandaue01-1.jpg

Also it was mentioned in that certification that while he was in the Philippines, he tried to establish a "Fascio." What does fascio mean?

Given the context, it meant that he will establish a league or a group (probably a Fascist party) here in Philippines. Fascio (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascio) is an Italian word for a league, figuratively.

hope that i could also visit those places too.

This certain Christy from the National Geographic Magazine had the gall to come to Cebu pretending that he was interested in buying ivory when in fact he had another sinister agenda on hand, like taking words out of context thus wrongfully accusing someone of being an illegal exporter of ivory.

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/10/ivory/christy-text?source=religious_ivory_news





...

Don't add to his injury by posting the link.
Be compassionate.

Happy 43rd Charter Day, Mandaue City, and happy 75th anniversary to the city hall building!

http://i153.photobucket.com/albums/s223/arnold_carl/mandaue01-1.jpg
Oh, what a lovely city. City of Dreams :cheers2: and handsome people like mercato. :D

Congratulations to us. :cheers2: :cheers2:

Don't add to his injury by posting the link.
Be compassionate.

Yeah and that certain Christy of the National Geographic was a wolf hiding in sheep clothing, taking advantage of the hospitality accorded to him when he came here.

Does he really have to add injury by reopening old wounds just to deliver a point in his article? It seems like this certain Christy wants to punish forever a person for a past wrongdoing that that person has already long paid.

Yeah and that certain Christy of the National Geographic was a wolf hiding in sheep clothing, taking advantage of the hospitality accorded to him when he came here.

Does he really have to add injury by reopening old wounds just to deliver a point in his article? It seems like this certain Christy wants to punish forever a person for a past wrongdoing that that person has already long paid.

May pinaghuhugutan. You can relate much to this "wolf hiding in sheep's clothing".

Let those who have not sinned cast the first stone. :-)

Let those who have not sinned cast the first stone. :-)

LOL. You are so religious! It should reflect in your ways. :lol: Oh I forgot, wolves in sheep's clothing are rampant nowadays. :lol:

Yeah and that certain Christy of the National Geographic was a wolf hiding in sheep clothing, taking advantage of the hospitality accorded to him when he came here.

Does he really have to add injury by reopening old wounds just to deliver a point in his article? It seems like this certain Christy wants to punish forever a person for a past wrongdoing that that person has already long paid.
And why pray tell? The mention of Cebu was only in passing as the center and seat of Christianity in the Philippines. Most of the illegal smuggling was done by your fellows in Mindanao, oops am I getting warmer? :lol: And most of the craftsmanship was done in Manila, in Tayuman but somehow that went amiss. :D


When I ask how new ivory gets to the Philippines, he tells me that Muslims from the southern island of Mindanao smuggle it in. Then, to signal a bribe, he puts two fingers into my shirt pocket. “To the coast guards, for example,” he says. “Imagine from Africa to Europe and to the Philippines. How long is that kind of trip by boat?” He puts his fingers in my pocket again. “And you just keep on paying so many people so that it will enter your country.”

A few families control most of the ivory carving in Manila, moving like termites through massive quantities of tusks. Two of the main dealers are based in the city’s religious-supplies district, Tayuman. During my five trips to the Philippines I visited every one of the ivory shops Garcia recommended to me and more, inquiring about buying ivory.

Priests, balikbayans (Filipinos living overseas), and gay Filipino men are major customers, according to Manila’s most prominent ivory dealer. An antique dealer from New York City makes regular buying missions, as does a dealer from Mexico City, gathering up new ivory crucifixes, Madonnas, and baby Jesuses in bulk and smuggling them home in their luggage. Wherever there is a Filipino, I was often reminded, there is an altar to God.

And it seems Father Jay was right about a Muslim supply route. Several Manila dealers told me the primary suppliers are Filipino Muslims with connections to Africa. Malaysian Muslims figured into their network too. “Sometimes they bring it in bloody, and it smells bad,” one dealer told me, pinching her nose.

Don't add to his injury by posting the link.
Be compassionate.
Did I miss something along the way? :D Most of the smuggling was done through Mindanao and most of the craftsmanship done in Tayuman. Or who is this new emperor?

Did I miss something along the way? :D Most of the smuggling was done through Mindanao and most of the craftsmanship done in Tayuman. Or who is this new emperor?

Maybe the new emperor was someone who could relate to what he said, "wolf hiding in sheep's clothing!" :D

Maybe the new emperor was someone who could relate to what he said, "wolf hiding in sheep's clothing!" :D
Perhaps indeed...

When I first chanced upon his post at the language thread, I found it interestingly uncanny that a few weeks ago I was discussing with eonyx about the music heritage of Mozart & Habsburg Austria then all of a sudden an emperor karl appears. Now he has found a website with old Cebu and Mandaue photos in it. Nothin wrong with greeting Mi Mandaue on its founding day, I suppose... but still owing to experience, yes the new emperor needs further monitoring since the last of the Habsburgs passed away last 2011 and are already gone.

When newbie characters pick out random articles insinuating something against the Santo Nino( Even the Santo Nino isn't spared now??), the Catholic Church, or Cebu 'tis already a dead giveaway... He never even bothered to read further to see who was major majorly involved in the smuggling and who provided the skilled workmanship for the finished ivory products. :lol:

Did I miss something along the way? :D Most of the smuggling was done through Mindanao and most of the craftsmanship done in Tayuman. Or who is this new emperor?

Higalang Mercato, it is not about the Santo Nino nor Cebu that I am concerned about but it is the rotund padre mentioned in the article. Our emperor may have good intentions posting the link but he should be sensitive and not open up old wounds..

Some here are just so insensitive and feel so self-righteous about themselves.

The design is very nice yet they murdered it.

http://www.gqth.info/0.jpghttp://www.gqth.info/7.jpghttp://www.gqth.info/8.jpghttp://www.gqth.info/9.jpghttp://www.ymeu.info/test5.jpg

Did I miss something along the way? :D Most of the smuggling was done through Mindanao and most of the craftsmanship done in Tayuman. Or who is this new emperor?

The emperor and his new clothes??? :lol::lol::lol:

Higalang Mercato, it is not about the Santo Nino nor Cebu that I am concerned about but it is the rotund padre mentioned in the article. Our emperor may have good intentions posting the link but he should be sensitive and not open up old wounds..

Some here are just so insensitive and feel so self-righteous about themselves.
He has a bigger agenda than the priest, I detected a certain southern city in one of his posts at the Regional Thread, the usual ones involved in the usual CvCs. I haven't been to those southern cities involved and heck I haven't even been to Cebu for the longest time so those petty local squabbles are of very little interest to me. I am not interested in local buildings or what have you.

Hell, I don't even know that priest existed, I don't know who he is or that he is rotund. But be that as it may, we are not here to support child pedophilia, amigo, but this Heritage thread is also not the place for complaints but the proper venue are the civil courts. But I believe that priest is just for starters or an appetizer, he also mentions the Italians who came to Cebu and alleges that they are Fascists. Naks, pretending as if the word Fascio is too hard to google. LOL.

This certain Christy from the National Geographic Magazine had the gall to come to Cebu pretending that he was interested in buying ivory when in fact he had another sinister agenda on hand, like taking words out of context thus wrongfully accusing someone of being an illegal exporter of ivory.Is that right? That's not the way I see it. Yea, I can understand most of you local based folks know who it is you're talkin about but I don't.

That article goes beyond that someone yer tryin to nail, he was just for openers. It is an insinuation that devotion to the Santo Nino comes at the expense of catering to the banned ivory trade, hence it is also a broadside attack against Philippine Catholicism. Can't you see that???

Cebu 1910's
http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/185099_556247774404891_1083809386_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=556247774404891&set=a.371274782902192.103632.361238057239198&type=1&theater

Cebu 19??
http://sphotos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/534403_10151036742356879_409019018_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151036742356879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater

http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/308026_10151036057691879_2000523063_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151036057691879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater

http://sphotos-g.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/183282_10151036036976879_621542570_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151036036976879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater

http://sphotos-b.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/408443_10151035873731879_696014214_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151035873731879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater

Cebu circa 1935
http://sphotos-c.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/427786_554055034624165_1125249208_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=554055034624165&set=a.371274782902192.103632.361238057239198&type=1&theater

Cebu 1912
http://sphotos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/148831_10151036036016879_446764435_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151036036016879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater

Mandaue 1950's
http://sphotos-d.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/548341_555846311111704_606398016_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=555846311111704&set=a.371274782902192.103632.361238057239198&type=1&theater

http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/c0.0.800.382.44365361803/p843x403/248403_10151035822181879_1553136399_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151035822181879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater

Carcar 1939-40
http://sphotos-h.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/310661_554518561244479_913154176_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=554518561244479&set=a.371274782902192.103632.361238057239198&type=1&theater

Cebu 1920's
http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-snc7/401385_553645277998474_235452189_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=553645277998474&set=a.371274782902192.103632.361238057239198&type=1&theater

Cebu 1915
http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/404115_10150964998156879_656536049_n.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150964998156879&set=a.285439281878.152539.61592066878&type=1&theater

All pics and more from Karaang Sugbo (Old Cebu) FB (http://www.facebook.com/oldcebu)
__________________________________________________

What I'd do to walk the streets of old Cebu...

kanice sa pictures :)

asa naman na makita ron nang last pic? hehe

ug wala siguroy ta gigubat, ning survive siguro ning mga buildinga

Taken down @joch

Quoted from Karaang Sugbu
Today another building stands as a branch campus of Cebu Eastern College

Sigh

The fall of Cebu part 1 of 17
EFxlCBvsAso&feature=player_detailpage#t=461s

mao diay nang gipanganlan ug magdugo nang barrio sa toledo kay dinha diay nagkadugo ug pinatyanay ang mga hapon filipino ug american troops 70 years ago. nice story to tell to the new generation. hinaut ma preserved ang area kay kanang mga cement boulders or pill boxes maoy dakong evidence sa gubat sa ww2.

mao diay nang gipanganlan ug magdugo nang barrio sa toledo kay dinha diay nagkadugo ug pinatyanay ang mga hapon filipino ug american troops 70 years ago. nice story to tell to the new generation. hinaut ma preserved ang area kay kanang mga cement boulders or pill boxes maoy dakong evidence sa gubat sa ww2.

Di na Magdugo ang nga'n anang barrio-ha nyor, Brgy. General Climaco na na siya!

who cares about a (dead) general climaco kon ang taga barrio dinha magdugo gihapon ang pangalan lol. bitaw ka familiar ko ana lugara sa toledo kay naay yuta diha akong lolo nga among butungan sa una.

Di na Magdugo ang nga'n anang barrio-ha nyor, Brgy. General Climaco na na siya!

If General Climaco made a "bigger" historical contribution than magdugo, guess, he deserves a barangay named after him.

Sorry not so fully familiar with General Climaco, is he a General during the Filipino War for Independence?

If General Climaco made a "bigger" historical contribution than magdugo, guess, he deserves a barangay named after him.

Sorry not so fully familiar with General Climaco, is he a General during the Filipino War for Independence?

Brgy. Magdugo was almost a Climaco country before, if you don't know! Also, Gen. Climaco and General Maxilom were the only Cebuano Katipuneros who continued to fight the Americans.

That perhaps, is the reason for some history pages to be left out when it comes to these two men (Climaco and Maxilom) as opposed to Julio Llorente and Luis Flores!

di ba naa may kalsada nga Climaco? unya ang General Maxilom kay maoy gipuli sa Mango, pero still Mango gihapon tawag sa mga tawo hehe

di ba naa may kalsada nga Climaco? unya ang General Maxilom kay maoy gipuli sa Mango, pero still Mango gihapon tawag sa mga tawo hehe
Sakto.

Naa sa'y J (julio) Llorente, L (luis) Flores, F (francisco) Llamas, T (tiburcio) Padilla, C (candido) Padilla, Leon Kilat (Napoleon Villegas), etc. Mga Katipunero sa Cebu.

Brgy. Magdugo was almost a Climaco country before, if you don't know! Also, Gen. Climaco and General Maxilom were the only Cebuano Katipuneros who continued to fight the Americans.

That perhaps, is the reason for some history pages to be left out when it comes to these two men (Climaco and Maxilom) as opposed to Julio Llorente and Luis Flores!

Thanks for the history lesson. Guess, its just proper then to call the Barangay as Climaco.

Here's a short list of known royalists who were either voluntarios locales and/or tenientes del barrios and some spanish priests:

TRAITORS:
Apolinario Alcuitas (Carcar)
kapitan Florencio Noel (Tan Insyong)
Timoteo Barcenilla
kapitan Kadyo Jaen
kapitan Jacinto Velez
kapitan Simeon Paras
Mariano Alfafara

PRIESTS:
Father Tomas Gimenez (El Pardo)
parish priest of San Nicolas, Fray Pedro Medina,
parish priest of Talisay, Fr. Valerio Rodrigo
parish priest of Carcar, Fray Emiliano Diez
parish priest of Argao, Fr. Antolin Frias
parish priest of Cordoba, Fray Jose Baztan (Executed in town plaza)
TEACHERS:
cartilla teacher maestro Mariano Crisologo

TIPSTER:
teniente Januario Gabrillo of Basak, San Nicolas
(instead of being released as promised, he was tortured and subsequently died from his wounds on March 21, 1898)

pro-Spanish Tagalog who served as a spy, Crispulo Valderrama (arrested during the retaking of the City on April 5th)
Raymundo Jurado(executed by spanish reinforcements)
Jose Abelgas from Carcar(executed by spanish reinforcements).
a woman informer of Labangon
a certain Potenciana from Pardo


VOLUNTARIOS LOCALES/PRO-SPANISH OFFICIALS/PRO-SPANISH LOCALS:
(Nota Bene: Most of the voluntarios locales shifted sides when all was lost for the Spaniards, some were actually in connivance with the Katipunan to shoot above their heads when firefights started)

Tagalogs of the 73rd regiment
capitan municipal Francisco Rodriguez, the former cuadrillo chief
Cesario Mendoza, the capitan municipal of Mandaue
Angel Libre
Jose Rodriguez
Francisco Villaester
Juan Climaco
Captain Revilla, chief of the local volunteers of Cebu
Remigio Gutierres, registrar of Cebu
Sgt. Claudio Gomez
Aguedo Batobalonos
Fidel Moa
Pedro Royo
a certain Cuito
Eduardo Lopez
Florentino Rallos
Francisco del Mar
Francisco Sales
Arsenio Climaco
Manuel Roa
Jose Ocampo
Juan Borres
Esteban Manuel
Angel Iriarte
Jose Atillano
Eduardo Lopez
Manuel Maldonado
Apolinar Kabilbil
Godofredo Lago
Simeon Padriga
Pedro Sanson
Juan Borres
Raymundo Enriquez (father of Manuel Enriquez de la Calzada).


Hi all.

I know this is a very old post. But can somebody tell me what happened to Fr. Antolin Frias? an Augustinian priest wanted by the katipuneros? i'm asking this one since i'm his direct descendant.. I wanna know if he was buried somewhere here in Cebu... Thanks...

Hi all.

I know this is a very old post. But can somebody tell me what happened to Fr. Antolin Frias? an Augustinian priest wanted by the katipuneros? i'm asking this one since i'm his direct descendant.. I wanna know if he was buried somewhere here in Cebu... Thanks...

With due respect Sir...You are direct descendant...All I know, priests cannot marry.

With due respect Sir...You are direct descendant...All I know, priests cannot marry.
That doesn't prevent those "diwatas" (fair-skinned white ladies) from going out during moon-lit nights at the areas near parish conventos! Do you want to know more?:):):)

There were several Augustinian friars who had kept-women in conventos. Ask around. There are families in Boljoon and Carcar who descended from these friars. One friar would even ask his cook: "Nakakaon na'ng iring?" referring to his lover who lived inside the convento. But of course no one could beat the secular priest assigned in a southern Cebu who "fathered" most of the affluent families in that town's Poblacion... It is said (according to what I heard) that while the old man was lying on his death-bed, he still wanted to do his querida. To cut a long story short, "gipatung na lang ang babaye." Then my source burst into laughter.

There were several Augustinian friars who had kept-women in conventos. Ask around. There are families in Boljoon and Carcar who descended from these friars. One friar would even ask his cook: "Nakakaon na'ng iring?" referring to his lover who lived inside the convento. But of course no one could beat the secular priest assigned in a southern Cebu who "fathered" most of the affluent families in that town's Poblacion... It is said (according to what I heard) that while the old man was lying on his death-bed, he still wanted to do his querida. To cut a long story short, "gipatung na lang ang babaye." Then my source burst into laughter.
One former priest that I came to befriend with in my other life, got out of his priestly duties. He claimed he was the last one given permission by the pope. He admitted other priests did wrong and sired many kids. Unfortunately for that priest, they were already old when he and his childhood sweetheart made the connection and they didn't have kids. Priests having children is a verified truth for some.

But one thing is sure, ladies have this understanding that it's good to have The One Up There as their rival; most of the time, those ladies win!

^^I can understand with ladies, as they are created to be the mate of men...But I heard of some news too, that even boys win against The One Up There.

But I am not casting stones...For i am not without sin...Just stating something that is not normal.

^^I can understand with ladies, as they are created to be the mate of men...But I heard of some news too, that even boys win against The One Up There.

But I am not casting stones...For i am not without sin...Just stating something that is not normal.
Ug niya pa: "Sa kadaghang ga-karsones, nganong ang pari pa gyud ang birigan?!" Sayop diay na sa nag-sotana?:):):):):)

Ug niya pa: "Sa kadaghang ga-karsones, nganong ang pari pa gyud ang birigan?!" Sayop diay na sa nag-sotana?:):):):):)

Nindot pud na, Nyor da...Asa kaha ta makapalit og sotana no?

Last OT na ni nako diri. :)

With due respect Sir...You are direct descendant...All I know, priests cannot marry.

yup..but this one did...and my family branch isn't even the result of that union...hehehe... we were part of the significant other... as well as one (at least) other branch.. i think we have at least 3 branches coming from the same man...:nuts:

according to my late lola (Frias is her grandfather), JL Regner is also the grandson of Frias but with the other branch..so he is lola's half-1st degree cousin... Frias eventually married (presumed) someone named Aleja Suarez (from Carcar) and became a lawyer during the time of the Americans... when he died, the Augustians took his body and barred his family from attending the wake... I'm curious as to where the Augustinians buried him... I would love to visit his final resting place if given the chance...


@Parchie: OT:

I'm cuious about your handle...since my elder cousins were using that name to address each other...and since I was not raised here in Cebu, I could not understand what "Parchie" means...Unsa diay na? Thanks... :)

yup..but this one did...and my family branch isn't even the result of that union...hehehe... we were part of the significant other... as well as one (at least) other branch.. i think we have at least 3 branches coming from the same man...:nuts:

according to my late lola (Frias is her grandfather), JL Regner is also the grandson of Frias but with the other branch..so he is lola's half-1st degree cousin... Frias eventually married (presumed) someone named Aleja Suarez (from Carcar) and became a lawyer during the time of the Americans... when he died, the Augustians took his body and barred his family from attending the wake... I'm curious as to where the Augustinians buried him... I would love to visit his final resting place if given the chance...


@Parchie: OT:

I'm cuious about your handle...since my elder cousins were using that name to address each other...and since I was not raised here in Cebu, I could not understand what "Parchie" means...Unsa diay na? Thanks... :)


Stories of Priests siring children are not just limited to the Southern Cebu. From where I come from there is a family that are descendants of a priest from Liloan. That particular late 1800s priest was serving the church and siring 3 children all at the same time. The current generation of that family are not ashamed of that fact. Most older people from my place knows about it. The younger ones just does not care about such lineage. The descendants are quite prominent today.

Guess it was just a different generation with different values. It would be unfair to use current values to judge matters that happened some hundred years ago.

What happened decades ago is not the fault of today's "friar descendants". What matters is what these friar descendants are doing today.

And nope I dont have a friar as a forefather, as far as I know none in the last 100 - 150 years.

mogawas nalang unta sila sa pagka pari kon na break ni nilang priestly vow of celibacy para dili na mag tago2x ug mahimong chismiss. ang uban pud nga mga pari nga nakahibalo sila nga nakalapas sila aning balaora himuon naman nila ang parish nga maoy mobohi sa ilang gipaangkan. mao bitaw gyud na dili tang mga catolico uyon nga ang pari dunay asawa dinha sa combento. kanindot kaha paminawon no nga na late ang missa kay nag quickie kotse2x pa ang pari. yuck!

maayo pa ug wala sila gapari kung di diay sila kapugong sa ilang kaulag :bash::bash:, naa ba kahay psychological screening noh inig sulod sa kumbento kung makapugong ba jud sa lawasnong panginahanglan ang gustong magpari kay we all know tanan taw magpangita man jud ana, pero kung willing jud ka moserve sa simbahan, di jud ka patintal bisan unsaon pa, bisan sayaw sayawan pa ka diha, iseduce pa ka diha, etc. :bash::bash:

oi kanindut sa atong topic. makalingaw ug informative.

@gaevwa
I fully understand where you're coming from, although wala man mi pariente (as far as I know tingali) nga pari who had affairs with the ladies, okay ra man nako na.
^^I can understand with ladies, as they are created to be the mate of men...But I heard of some news too, that even boys win against The One Up There.

But I am not casting stones...For i am not without sin...Just stating something that is not normal.
oi yuna pa. Okay ra man nako kon ang priest anaa sa'y companion nga female ba. Maayo na lang na kaysa manghikap og bata nga lalaki. Double jeopardy intawon oi, corruption of minors unya pun-an pa'g mga Sodom and Gomorrah sins ayay kapait.

At least ang mga karaang pari nga spanish and filipinos they like girls, unsaon man ning mga modern american priests that they like boys? oi mga bayot pahawa, ayaw'g pabadlong.
Nindot pud na, Nyor da...Asa kaha ta makapalit og sotana no?

Last OT na ni nako diri. :)
There were several Augustinian friars who had kept-women in conventos. Ask around. There are families in Boljoon and Carcar who descended from these friars. One friar would even ask his cook: "Nakakaon na'ng iring?" referring to his lover who lived inside the convento. But of course no one could beat the secular priest assigned in a southern Cebu who "fathered" most of the affluent families in that town's Poblacion... It is said (according to what I heard) that while the old man was lying on his death-bed, he still wanted to do his querida. To cut a long story short, "gipatung na lang ang babaye." Then my source burst into laughter.


Puede, puede pa tang makapalit og sotana kon ako ma-elect nga Black Pope (Superior General ~ Regimini militantis Ecclesiae)... hehehe

I am fully supportive of the restoration of a married priesthood for the Catholic Church, as it was with the early Church Fathers.

In some Christian churches, priests and bishops must remain unmarried, while in others, married men may be ordained as deacons or priests, but may not remarry if their wife dies. Since celibacy (renouncing marriage) is seen as a consequence of the obligation of continence (refraining from any form of sexual intercourse), it implies abstinence from sexual or romantic relationships. In the case of the Latin (Roman Catholic) Church, the specific obligation of the clergy is continence. The Code of Canon Law prescribes that, “Clerics are to behave with due prudence towards persons whose company can endanger their obligation to observe continence or give rise to scandal among the faithful.”

In some Christian churches, a vow of chastity is made by members of religious orders or monastic communities, along with vows of poverty and obedience, in order to imitate the life of Jesus of Nazareth. This vow of chastity, made by people not all of whom are clergy, is different from what is the obligation, not a vow, of clerical continence and celibacy. Celibacy not only for religious and monastics (brothers/monks and sisters/nuns) but also for bishops is upheld by both the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Christian traditions.

In Latin Rite Catholicism, all priests must be celibate men, unless given special permission; but in most Orthodox traditions and in some Eastern Catholic Churches men who are already married may be ordained priests, but priests may not marry, whether for the first or second time, while bishops must be unmarried men or widowers. Neither the Catholic nor the Orthodox tradition consider the rule of clerical celibacy to be a dogma, but instead as a rule that could be adjusted if thought appropriate. However, the likelihood of this rule changing in our lifetime is very, very small.

Historically, arguments both for and against married clergy existed from early centuries. Both the New Testament and early Christian writings indicate that some Apostles and bishops were married. By the fourth century, if bishops were married before they were elevated, they and their wives were expected to be continent (see definition above). The earliest known official prohibition to sexual relations - even with one’s spouse - is that of the western Council of Elvira (c. 306): “Bishops, presbyters, deacons, and others with a position in the ministry are to abstain completely from sexual intercourse with their wives and from the procreation of children. If anyone disobeys, he shall be removed from the clerical office.”

By the 12th century, the Second Lateran Council (1139) made celibacy mandatory for all clerics (deacons, priests, and bishops) of the Roman Catholic church. By the 16th century, the Reformers made abolition of clerical continence and celibacy a key element in their reform. They denounced it as opposed to the New Testament recommendation that a cleric should be "the husband of one wife" (see on 1 Timothy 3:2-4 above), the declared right of the apostles to take around with them a believing Christian as a wife (1 Corinthians 9:5) and the admonition, "Marriage should be honoured by all" (Hebrews 13:4). They blamed it for widespread sexual misconduct among the clergy.

Orthodox Christian tradition still holds that a bishop must be celibate and continent, but that a married man may be ordained a deacon or priest provided he is married before ordination. However, whether married or celibate, all clergy, regardless of denomination, have a responsibility first to God and then to their families and congregations to live a life that glorifies Christ and that to the best of their abilities, keeps them prudent in their relationship with others so as not to “give rise to scandal among the faithful.”

maayo pa ug wala sila gapari kung di diay sila kapugong sa ilang kaulag :bash::bash:, naa ba kahay psychological screening noh inig sulod sa kumbento kung makapugong ba jud sa lawasnong panginahanglan ang gustong magpari kay we all know tanan taw magpangita man jud ana, pero kung willing jud ka moserve sa simbahan, di jud ka patintal bisan unsaon pa, bisan sayaw sayawan pa ka diha, iseduce pa ka diha, etc. :bash::bash:
OTOH, maayo pa'g wa patuli kay magpari ra man diay!:D:D

oi kanindut sa atong topic. makalingaw ug informative.

Historically, arguments both for and against married clergy existed from early centuries. Both the New Testament and early Christian writings indicate that some Apostles and bishops were married. By the fourth century, if bishops were married before they were elevated, they and their wives were expected to be continent (see definition above). The earliest known official prohibition to sexual relations - even with one’s spouse - is that of the western Council of Elvira (c. 306): “Bishops, presbyters, deacons, and others with a position in the ministry are to abstain completely from sexual intercourse with their wives and from the procreation of children. If anyone disobeys, he shall be removed from the clerical office.”

By the 12th century, the Second Lateran Council (1139) made celibacy mandatory for all clerics (deacons, priests, and bishops) of the Roman Catholic church. By the 16th century, the Reformers made abolition of clerical continence and celibacy a key element in their reform. They denounced it as opposed to the New Testament recommendation that a cleric should be "the husband of one wife" (see on 1 Timothy 3:2-4 above), the declared right of the apostles to take around with them a believing Christian as a wife (1 Corinthians 9:5) and the admonition, "Marriage should be honoured by all" (Hebrews 13:4). They blamed it for widespread sexual misconduct among the clergy.

Orthodox Christian tradition still holds that a bishop must be celibate and continent, but that a married man may be ordained a deacon or priest provided he is married before ordination. However, whether married or celibate, all clergy, regardless of denomination, have a responsibility first to God and then to their families and congregations to live a life that glorifies Christ and that to the best of their abilities, keeps them prudent in their relationship with others so as not to “give rise to scandal among the faithful.”

Just an addendum very early priests lived with their family in far flung villages of Europe. It must have been logical to deter marriages as it usually bears offspring, offspring equals inheritance.... Church property/assets may be passed on as inheritance.

Just an addendum very early priests lived with their family in far flung villages of Europe. It must have been logical to deter marriages as it usually bears offspring, offspring equals inheritance.... Church property/assets may be passed on as inheritance.
yup, true, true, you nailed it. part of the reason too.

mora lagi ug double standard atong tan-aw sa tao labi na babae nga ang ilang lifelong partners were once a priest or nisulod sa semario unya ni gawas. duna koy maestra nga maayo kayo motudlo ug chemistry dinha sa usc but behind her back ang uban maestra ug mga estudyante pakapinan pa gyud ug estorya nga pari biya na iyang bana sa una. butangi!

oi kanindut sa atong topic. makalingaw ug informative.


Puede, puede pa tang makapalit og sotana kon ako ma-elect nga Black Pope (Superior General ~ Regimini militantis Ecclesiae)... hehehe

I am fully supportive of the restoration of a married priesthood for the Catholic Church, as it was with the early Church Fathers.

In some Christian churches, priests and bishops must remain unmarried, while in others, married men may be ordained as deacons or priests, but may not remarry if their wife dies. Since celibacy (renouncing marriage) is seen as a consequence of the obligation of continence (refraining from any form of sexual intercourse), it implies abstinence from sexual or romantic relationships. In the case of the Latin (Roman Catholic) Church, the specific obligation of the clergy is continence. The Code of Canon Law prescribes that, “Clerics are to behave with due prudence towards persons whose company can endanger their obligation to observe continence or give rise to scandal among the faithful.”

In some Christian churches, a vow of chastity is made by members of religious orders or monastic communities, along with vows of poverty and obedience, in order to imitate the life of Jesus of Nazareth. This vow of chastity, made by people not all of whom are clergy, is different from what is the obligation, not a vow, of clerical continence and celibacy. Celibacy not only for religious and monastics (brothers/monks and sisters/nuns) but also for bishops is upheld by both the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Christian traditions.

In Latin Rite Catholicism, all priests must be celibate men, unless given special permission; but in most Orthodox traditions and in some Eastern Catholic Churches men who are already married may be ordained priests, but priests may not marry, whether for the first or second time, while bishops must be unmarried men or widowers. Neither the Catholic nor the Orthodox tradition consider the rule of clerical celibacy to be a dogma, but instead as a rule that could be adjusted if thought appropriate. However, the likelihood of this rule changing in our lifetime is very, very small.

Historically, arguments both for and against married clergy existed from early centuries. Both the New Testament and early Christian writings indicate that some Apostles and bishops were married. By the fourth century, if bishops were married before they were elevated, they and their wives were expected to be continent (see definition above). The earliest known official prohibition to sexual relations - even with one’s spouse - is that of the western Council of Elvira (c. 306): “Bishops, presbyters, deacons, and others with a position in the ministry are to abstain completely from sexual intercourse with their wives and from the procreation of children. If anyone disobeys, he shall be removed from the clerical office.”

By the 12th century, the Second Lateran Council (1139) made celibacy mandatory for all clerics (deacons, priests, and bishops) of the Roman Catholic church. By the 16th century, the Reformers made abolition of clerical continence and celibacy a key element in their reform. They denounced it as opposed to the New Testament recommendation that a cleric should be "the husband of one wife" (see on 1 Timothy 3:2-4 above), the declared right of the apostles to take around with them a believing Christian as a wife (1 Corinthians 9:5) and the admonition, "Marriage should be honoured by all" (Hebrews 13:4). They blamed it for widespread sexual misconduct among the clergy.

Orthodox Christian tradition still holds that a bishop must be celibate and continent, but that a married man may be ordained a deacon or priest provided he is married before ordination. However, whether married or celibate, all clergy, regardless of denomination, have a responsibility first to God and then to their families and congregations to live a life that glorifies Christ and that to the best of their abilities, keeps them prudent in their relationship with others so as not to “give rise to scandal among the faithful.”

Nindot na siya nga hunahuna but I bet the Church will be open to the idea. Okey ra man gyud nga mahimong magminyo ang mga pari alang nako pero nabatasan na gyud na sa simbahan ng dili gyud so -- for me -- problema na na sa simbahan.

On the other hand, I think, if the Church would allow that then it would certainly open the floodgates. Priests who belong to the opposite side might demand that they be allowed to marry their... well, their boyfriends, too. :lol::lol:

Mao na seguro, para patas tanan walay pwedeng magminyo. Besides, kahibalo naman nang mga seminarista nga dili gyud sila mahimong magminyo kung magpari sila so nganong magpari man gyud nga mahimo man gihapon silang mag-Padre de Familia. :banana:

Just an addendum very early priests lived with their family in far flung villages of Europe. It must have been logical to deter marriages as it usually bears offspring, offspring equals inheritance.... Church property/assets may be passed on as inheritance.

Mao. I can't imagine St. Vincent Ferrer's Parish in Bogo to be given as inheritance to one of its parish priests' children. Haha.. Unya adik-adik pa gyud ang anak. Usa ka buntag gibaligya ang mga church pews. Pagsunod adlaw ang kampana. Sunod na pud si San Vicente na...:lol:

OT.

I heard of a joke:

Pilgrims going to SVF Parish.

Visitor: Hala ang inyong San Bisinti kay daku lagi'g pako. Ang sa amo kay gamay ra man.

Bogohanon: Aw kadtong inyong San Bisinti.. kuan... kuyabog pa to..

Hahaha!

Mao. I can't imagine St. Vincent Ferrer's Parish in Bogo to be given as inheritance to one of its parish priests' children. Haha.. Unya adik-adik pa gyud ang anak. Usa ka buntag gibaligya ang mga church pews. Pagsunod adlaw ang kampana. Sunod na pud si San Vicente na...:lol:

Bangas ka! :lol:

Pero lain pa'y ato ba. Sa una, sa parish church sa Daanbantayan, kahinumdom ko nga ang main nga altar, daghan og santos naka-display, parehas anang main altar sa Basilica del Sto. Nino.

Pero naa to pari nga gipausab niya. Gipatabonan na niya tong mga butanganan sa santos, unya ang Saint Rose of Lima na lang ang nakabutang karon.

Pwede ba diay na buhaton sa pari? Asa man pud to niya ipamutang ang mga rebulto sa santos?

OT.

I heard of a joke:

Pilgrims going to SVF Parish.

Visitor: Hala ang inyong San Bisinti kay daku lagi'g pako. Ang sa amo kay gamay ra man.

Bogohanon: Aw kadtong inyong San Bisinti.. kuan... kuyabog pa to..

Hahaha!

sumapayan ta
Bogohanon: ang amo banog :)

Mao. I can't imagine St. Vincent Ferrer's Parish in Bogo to be given as inheritance to one of its parish priests' children. Haha.. Unya adik-adik pa gyud ang anak. Usa ka buntag gibaligya ang mga church pews. Pagsunod adlaw ang kampana. Sunod na pud si San Vicente na...:lol:

Inherited or not, in so many forms church properties can be sold.

Case in point. Sometime in the 80s (old chismis :)) there was a priest in Bogo who had a fishpond in Bogo, right beside Bogo Bay. During a month in the typhoon months, Bad weather, broken dikes equals plenty of bangus in Bogo Bay. The people of the Bogo Public Market was so happy, accdg to the talks then, "daghan kaayong Bangus ni San Vicente karon"

Nindot na siya nga hunahuna but I bet the Church will be open to the idea. Okey ra man gyud nga mahimong magminyo ang mga pari alang nako pero nabatasan na gyud na sa simbahan ng dili gyud so -- for me -- problema na na sa simbahan.

On the other hand, I think, if the Church would allow that then it would certainly open the floodgates. Priests who belong to the opposite side might demand that they be allowed to marry their... well, their boyfriends, too. :lol::lol:

Mao na seguro, para patas tanan walay pwedeng magminyo. Besides, kahibalo naman nang mga seminarista nga dili gyud sila mahimong magminyo kung magpari sila so nganong magpari man gyud nga mahimo man gihapon silang mag-Padre de Familia. :banana:
The Church better wise up coz that was the widespread practices of the early Christian Fathers no? Dili como they made a "tradition" somewhere 10 centuries down the line nga magsingle na lang tanang pari (meaning halfway between 0 A.D. and 2012 nga mga modernong tawo karon mosunod sunod na lang sab sa revised tradition. Ang tarong nga sundanan ang orig, dili ang inusab.

I have a huge problem with Priests with Boyfriends. The most glaring is the Sodom and Gomorrah issue unless one can talk themselves out of it. But the most revolting and disgusting issue I have against it is the literal use/ or abuse of the term boy-friend. They really abuse young boys. The widespread abuse of menor de edad Altar Boys who are emotionally vulnerable. Unlike sa mga mature ug hingkod nga child bearing females nga kabit sa mga straight nga pari, ngano ug nganoooo man jud nga mga children ang biktimahon sa mga bayot nga pari aver? :bash: :bash:

I am not applying double standards here. One has to use his coconut shell to see the glaring differences between the choices of straight priests who generally take mature women versus gay priests who victimize young children. Big difference there.

good eve guys,

unsa inyung mga comments, suggestions about Fort San Pedro?? Please I need your ideas, insights kai it will be under a new management starting nov. 5..Ako lang e compile inyung mga tubag then Ill forward it to the new manager sa Fort San Pedro..Daku jud kaayo ni ug tabang..Salamat

^^Please remove that pseudo-native, kitsch driftwood entrance statement. It LOOKS REALLY CHEAP and DOWDY, and by not harmonizing well with the Fort, it trivializes such a historically important structure into a mere tourist commodity. Remember that the Fort is a Spanish-era building, not a fancy pavilion in a fancy beach resort.

Modify instead the "Fuerza de San Pedro 1565-1833" sign over the entrance arch, make it bigger and clearer. And use "Fuerza de San Pedro" never "Fort San Pedro". The latter may be popular but it is better that you be consistent. Kung Spanish, Spanish tanan. If English, English tanan. It is your office's duty to educate people.

http://www.istoryahi.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/0112111006-00-1024x768.jpg

Also, the fort needs to restore its walls. Grabe na kaayo ang lumot and much vegetation has already crept into the crevices of the stones. Perhaps dapat napud i-assess ang structural soundness. Please do consult heritage conservation experts. There is Archt. Melva Java, Director of the Conservation and Heritage Research Institute and Workshop (CHERISH) of USC and CHAC member who can give invaluable expert advice.

^^Please remove that pseudo-native, kitsch driftwood entrance statement. It LOOKS REALLY CHEAP and DOWDY, and by not harmonizing well with the Fort, it trivializes such a historically important structure into a mere tourist commodity. Remember that the Fort is a Spanish-era building, not a fancy pavilion in a fancy beach resort.

Modify instead the "Fuerza de San Pedro 1565-1833" sign over the entrance arch, make it bigger and clearer. And use "Fuerza de San Pedro" never "Fort San Pedro". The latter may be popular but it is better that you be consistent. Kung Spanish, Spanish tanan. If English, English tanan. It is your office's duty to educate people.

http://www.istoryahi.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/0112111006-00-1024x768.jpg

Also, the fort needs to restore its walls. Grabe na kaayo ang lumot and much vegetation has already crept into the crevices of the stones. Perhaps dapat napud i-assess ang structural soundness. Please do consult heritage conservation experts. There is Archt. Melva Java, Director of the Conservation and Heritage Research Institute and Workshop (CHERISH) of USC and CHAC member who can give invaluable expert advice.

thank you for the input sir..ill make sure ma abot jud ni nga suggestion sa manager..God bless!

pic & text from www.marketmanila.com

ZEBU Collar
http://www.marketmanila.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/1.jpg
Who would have known our ancestors would be probably subjects for the modern
day blog “The Sartorialist”?!? :) This image, courtesy of Footloose, is utterly fascinating.
Not just because there were actually different variations of shirt collars in the early
1900′s actually named after local provinces or towns, but I can imagine men meeting
at dinners and knowing exactly where someone else was from based on their choice of
collar! Very cool. I am thinking of having a shirt made with an approximation of the Zebu
collar, and maybe starting a new trend based on a very old (a century to be exact)
design… :) Thanks, Footloose!


:D

good eve guys,

unsa inyung mga comments, suggestions about Fort San Pedro?? Please I need your ideas, insights kai it will be under a new management starting nov. 5..Ako lang e compile inyung mga tubag then Ill forward it to the new manager sa Fort San Pedro..Daku jud kaayo ni ug tabang..Salamat


Dont know if its asking too much but an initiative to make further scientific study on that covered tunnel. Perhaps an answer to who made it? Why? When? was the tunneling done all at one time? If possible mapping the entire tunnel (system?)

Dont know if its asking too much but an initiative to make further scientific study on that covered tunnel. Perhaps an answer to who made it? Why? When? was the tunneling done all at one time? If possible mapping the entire tunnel (system?)

naa diay tunnel sa FSP? karon ra ko ana..but nonetheless, ill forward this to the manager..thanks!

unsa man ang rules sa mga tourists nga mga lakaw2x dinha sa fort san pedro. im concern nga mapudpud ning mga bato kon sige lingkuran or hikaphikapon?

naa diay tunnel sa FSP? karon ra ko ana..but nonetheless, ill forward this to the manager..thanks!

Daghan speculation asa na padolong. Some say to the Cathedral as escape route of the priests while other stories say differently. Anopther story is it was built during the spanish time but was used by the Japanes. Not sure at all if its a tunnel or just a small underground storage facility for something. So far those that I have met that seems to have some knowledge about the tunnel are having the same NOT SURE answer as mine. Ambot unsa kahay tinood.

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Also, the fort needs to restore its walls. Grabe na kaayo ang lumot and much vegetation has already crept into the crevices of the stones. Perhaps dapat napud i-assess ang structural soundness. Please do consult heritage conservation experts. There is Archt. Melva Java, Director of the Conservation and Heritage Research Institute and Workshop (CHERISH) of USC and CHAC member who can give invaluable expert advice.

Yep, I've seen a church whose walls were lime-washed and it looked like new!

naa diay tunnel sa FSP? karon ra ko ana..but nonetheless, ill forward this to the manager..thanks!

bitaw..naa diay? naa maka-post pics?

naa diay tunnel sa FSP? karon ra ko ana..but nonetheless, ill forward this to the manager..thanks!

that news right now is such a sad welcome to the new manager...hinaot unta masikop ang nagbuhat ato ug mahibalik ang nawala nga mga item...

pic from tumblr (http://www.tumblr.com) by @mycebusnapshots (http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_mdgl4oJWDV1rjigi8o1_1280.jpg)


Train passes the Sangat, San Fernando, Cebu Railway Bridge

This photo taken in 1920 shows a train passing the Philippine Railway bridge in
Sangat, San Fernando, Cebu. The photo, which is part of the Medalle Collection,
is now with the Cebuano Studies Center in the University of San Carlos.
(Photo used with permission of the Cebuano Studies Center)

http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_mdgl4oJWDV1rjigi8o1_1280.jpg




:D

kanindot unta kon ma revive ang railway system sa cebu. labi na karon nga daghan na kaayong container vans nga i transport sa atong gagmay na dalan. ngari kanang mga container vans sa riles na siya i transport unya ang mga factories and manufacturing firms naa situation duol sa riles para sayong pag drop off sa ilang mga karga.

i hope ingon na pud unya ana diha sa atoa. kon nahimo sa una nga karaan pakaayo ang technology ug gamay pa kaayong tawo sa cebu, karon pa hinuon nga daghan nakaayong mga bag-ong transporation technology unya we also have a growing population and economy nga magkinahanglan sab aning railway system.

kanindot unta kon ma revive ang railway system sa cebu. labi na karon nga daghan na kaayong container vans nga i transport sa atong gagmay na dalan. ngari kanang mga container vans sa riles na siya i transport unya ang mga factories and manufacturing firms naa situation duol sa riles para sayong pag drop off sa ilang mga karga.

i hope ingon na pud unya ana diha sa atoa. kon nahimo sa una nga karaan pakaayo ang technology ug gamay pa kaayong tawo sa cebu, karon pa hinuon nga daghan nakaayong mga bag-ong transporation technology unya we also have a growing population and economy nga magkinahanglan sab aning railway system.
Di na gyud tingali na ma-revive kay kada agi nako kon manuroy mi'g South, sige ko ug ihap-ihap anang mga balay nga gapatong sa karaan nga riles sa tren, daghan naman kaayo. Nangutana ko sa akong amigo nga taga San Fernando, naa naman kuno'y mga tag-iya anang mga lote sa tren kaniadto!

Di ba hasta ang mga stations gipangsubasta man?

Di ba hasta ang mga stations gipangsubasta man?
Nahisgutan naman siguro na diri kaniadto pa!

magbuhat sila ug bag-ong riles nga layo napud sa mga balay

Nahisgutan naman siguro na diri kaniadto pa!

O manoy mao to nga ang akoang pangutana kay actually rhetorical ug dugang ug puno ra sa imong punto.:lol:

Mao ra toy akong buot ipaibot.

So sakto pod ka @Manoy MatudNila..

Murag kinahanglan magbuhat ana tanan kung man ibalik ang atong heavy rail to the towns.

O manoy mao to nga ang akoang pangutana kay actually rhetorical ug dugang ug puno ra sa imong punto.:lol:

Mao ra toy akong buot ipaibot.

So sakto pod ka @Manoy MatudNila..

Murag kinahanglan magbuhat ana tanan kung man ibalik ang atong heavy rail to the towns.

maayo pa tawgon ko nimo ug kawatan @baka basta ayaw lang nang manoy kay mora ug mosakit atong likod ug tuhod ana paminawan da hahaha. :lol::bash::cheers:

maayo pa tawgon ko nimo ug kawatan @baka basta ayaw lang nang manoy kay mora ug mosakit atong likod ug tuhod ana paminawan da hahaha. :lol::bash::cheers:
Bitaw, Noy Kawatan! :lol::lol::lol::lol::lol:

butangi! toinks nisamot kasakot akong tuhod lol

pic & text from http://photos.mycebu.ph/ and www.tumblr.com



Compaña Maritima: then and now

Fernandez Building, more known by its locators Shamrock Hotel and Compañia Maritima,
was built on reclaimed land at waters’ edge. It was built in 1910 and was owned by
Fernandez Hermanos Inc.

Although at times spelled Compania or Compaña Maritima, archaeologist and
conservationist Jobers Bersales and sources at the Ramon Aboitiz Foundation
Inc. said the actual spelling is Compañia Maritima.

The structure was printed in postcards published as advertisements by the
Shamrock Hotel.

Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama said he will put up glass mosaics of historic sites
in Cebu on windows in the structure by December.

http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_mdwhr8uvxN1rjigi8o1_1280.jpg

Thanks for posting the entire article mr. batangcdo i really do appreciate your efforts. you just made yourself despicable and look stupid...thanks for posting it in almost all thread with many visitors you just made cebu trending again.

https://fbcdn-sphotos-a-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/665229_10151083155861879_2136137670_o.jpg
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151083155861879&set=a.10150564483086879.369157.61592066878&type=1&theater

https://fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/680573_10151111674151879_2146091460_o.jpg
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151111674151879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater
_____________________________________________________

Isn't that ark lovely.

U.S. Troops Land in Cebu Philippines, March 1945
H380Sq4y8FA
________________________________________________________________

Talisay has changed so much. 3:04-3:27, a snippet of the destruction our grandparents saw.

U.S. Troops Land in Cebu Philippines, March 1945
H380Sq4y8FA
________________________________________________________________

Talisay has changed so much. 3:04-3:27, a snippet of the destruction our grandparents saw.

the city of talisay should put up markers, statues or sculptures of fil-am-japan war based on its historic landing along the whole stretch of their beaches ug dili lang kanang mora ug copycat nga monument sa leyte landing. based a video daghan kaayo sila ug mabutang nga mga scenery kon giunsa pag bomb ang talisay beach. with its historical significance mas daghan mobisita unya sa mga sites at the same time kaligo sa beach.

aside from mactan sa una, talisay raman to akong nahibaw-an nga dali rakaayo namo adtuon ug kaligo.

Villalon house.

http://i23.photobucket.com/albums/b396/arnoldsa/villalon01.jpg

https://www.facebook.com/FortSanPedroFanpage

Please like and share the page! Thanks! :D

Recruitment and Beginnings

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/soldiers1.jpg


FRANCISCO Llamas. Nicolas Godines. Eugenio Gines. Luis Flores. Luis Abellar. Candido Padilla. Jacinto Pacaña. Andres Abellana. Lucio Herrera. Mariano Hernandez. Nicomedes Machacon. Alejo Miñoza. Ambrocio Peña. Hilario, Felix and Potenciano Aliño. Estanislao Larrua. Pascasio Dabasol. Wenceslao Capala. Daniel Cañedo. Silvestre and Simeon Cañedo. Regino, Nicanor and Jaime Enriquez. Pantaleon Villegas (aka Leon Kilat). Bonifacio Aranas. Juan Climaco. Justo Cabajar. Florencio Gonzales. Arcadio Maxilom.

Sound familiar? They should be. After all, many Cebuanos today bear the same family names, being their descendants. Streets are named after many of their ancestors. They - and several hundreds of others who participated in the Cebuanos' struggle against 400 years of Spanish colonial rule - are your local heroes.

A hundred years ago, they put their lives and limb at stake so that their children and great grandchildren could be free from tyranny. Many of them died to make freedom and independence a reality at a time when only fools dared to dream dreams.

Beginnings

The beginings of the revolutionary movement in Cebu is still not very clear. There are reports that Tagalog katipuneros had a strong influence in shaping the events leading to the uprising which finally drove out the Spaniards in December 1898.

Some local historians credit Anastacio Oclarino for the formation of the local chapter of the katipunan. He was from Sta. Cruz, Laguna and worked in the ships "Mariposa" and "Bohol". That was where Gil Domingo and Hermogenes Plata recruited him into the movement and later ordered him in the later part of 1897 to form a chapter in Cebu.

Domingo and Plata were identified with the faction of the Bonifacio brothers which opted to continue the revolution after Aguinaldo's compromise agreement at Biak-na-bato.

The order was given despite the truce between the Filipino revolutionaries under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and the Spanish authorities. Those oppposed to Aguinaldo's compromise disseminated propaganda materials that urged Filipinos to continue the fight. Some of these materials were brought by Oclarino to Cebu in Jan. 1898. Oclarino was also helped by another Tagalog Gabino Gabucayan.

In Cebu, Florencio Gonzales met Oclarino who recruited him to the KKK. Gonzales was interested. Since he was going to Manila to settle a case being a procurador (a helper of a lawyer), he decided to meet Gil Domingo and Hermogenes Plata. The two appointed Gonzales to spearhead the katipunan in Cebu, with Oclarino as courier.

But in the accounts of Gregorio Abellana, a participant of the revolution, the first chapter of the katipunan was formed in Cebu even before Oclarino came. This was organized by natives of San Nicolas in June 19, 1897. Their leaders were Gavino Padilla, Teofisto Cavan and Frisco Abriyo.

The group sent a letter to Gen. Gil Domingo who replied that a man known in the locality to be an expert in firearms will be sent to Cebu. In the meantime, they started recruiting other members to the katipunan.

Like their counterparts in Luzon, the local katipunan chapter used the cell system of organization. Each head of the cell known as "cabecilla" would recruit their own members who would not know members of the other cells. By mid February 1898, the cabecillas recruited were: Mariano Hernandez, an operator of Smith Bell and Co., Luis Abellar, Nicomedes Machacon, Alejo Miñoza and Ambrocio Peña.

Mariano Hernandez was later appointed colonel by Domingo and Plata upon the recommendation of Oclarino.

Very soon, the katipunan was making inroads to Cebu's middle class. Francisco Llamas, Nicolas Godines, Eugenio Gines and Luis Flores were some of its early members.

Leading members of the San Nicolas community likewise began to feel the pulse of the revolution throbbing. Prominent among the early recruits were Luis Abellar, a former teniente; Candido Padilla, former capitan and currently juez de paz; ex-capitan Jacinto Pacaña; ex-capitan Andres Abellana; Lucio Herrera, a wealthy Chinese; and Spanish mestizo lawyer Isidro Guibelondo of Mabolo.

But the Cebu chapter seemed to lack a solid leadership. It had to have an outsider to provide the organization an adequate leadership.

Leon Kilat

The man who was expected by the locals was Pantaleon Villegas or more popularly known as "Leon Kilat."

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/kilat1.jpg
(see? mucho guapito tambien como yo. :D)



Villegas was born on July 27, 1873, in Bacong, Negros Oriental, to Don Policarpio Villegas and Doña Ursula Soldi. His grandfather was Don Pedro Villegas, a native of Spain, and Dorotea, a daughter of a capitan of Bacong.

His trip to Cebu in 1897 was not his first because he was here two years earlier working in Botica Antigua . This was located in the corner of Calle del Palacio and Calle Legaspi (Burgos and Legaspi). It was a well known drug store frequented by many Cebuanos.

With him were Ciriaco Murillo and Eulogio Duque who told the writer Manuel Enriquez de la Calzada that Pantaleon actually used the name "Eulogio", instead of Pantaleon. Because there were two Eulogios working in the drugstore, the German owner had to call him instead "Leon". Why he used the name "Eulogio" was not known.

Villegas did not stay long there. He transferred to a bakery in Pahina. From there he moved on to a circus owned by Tagalogs on their way to Manila. The circus happened to be owned by a katipunero. It was there that he was recruited into the secret council of the KKK which also taught the occult sciences, magic, and other esoteric practices.

It was possible that he was also brought to Cavite, Malabon, Calamba, Pasig and Malolos which were centers of the revolutionary movement in Luzon. He was known for his bravery and daring, his firm defense of his comrades and his stand on issues.

He was likewise known to follow orders and suggestions of superiors in the movement. Comrades in Luzon were always surprised at his courage to be ahead of the group whenever there was an encounter. In San Roque, Cavite. In Binondo. In Malolos. Very few demonstrated such courage, they noted.

All these were related by Eulogio Duque. It was in his house in front of the Roas in General Serrano street (later called Martires, now M.J. Cuenco Ave.) where Villegas lived when he arrived from Manila. From here he carried his mission in Cebu for the katipunan.

The Spanish authorities later visited Duque in that house to arrest him, suspecting that he was Pantaleon Villegas. But he told them that his name was Teodorico - thus, the nickname "Dikoy" - and his family name was Duque, not Villegas. Fortunately, the botica owner vouched for him. Thus, he lived to tell his story.

Although Plata and Domingo had already an appointment for Gonzales to lead the revolt in Cebu, that order must have been supplanted by a new one. When Villegas arrived here, he was able to show a letter from the katipunan leaders endorsing his appointment.

Gavino Gabucayan was supposed to have been sent here, but the Visayans in Luzon would not permit him to go because he was also needed there. He was credible and had leadership capabilities. They were in a quandary. But after learning that Villegas was from the Visayas, they lost no time in sending him to Cebu. That had to be done in utmost secrecy because by now the Spaniards had become extremely suspicious of persons coming from Manila.

(To be continued) ...

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/

full credits sa author sa libro nga si Mr. Justimbaste ug siempre ang atoang mga higala sa Cebuano Studies Centre USC... :D ganahan kaau ko'g basa basa ini ron.

Recruitment and Beginnings



(To be continued) ...




full credits sa author sa libro nga si Mr. Justimbaste ug siempre ang atoang mga higala sa Cebuano Studies Centre USC... :D ganahan kaau ko'g basa basa ini ron.



Wa man like nga post dinhi oi :ohno:

nindot ta to ug mapadayon.

Dec. 24, 1898: Spain’s last day in Cebu

Manuel Enriquez dela Calzada in Ang Kagubot sa Sugbo 1898 wrote about the last day of the Spaniards in Cebu, on the eve of Christmas day itself. Here's our humble translation of a portion of the said book:

“… The people of Cebu were happy… just to comply with the obligations of the faith… There were no dances of balitaw, no shepherd-performers and no carols from children who used to compete with lit lanterns, for although no one told them not to but no one ever dared to do it this Christmas. The faithful only heard Mass at midnight and celebrated a bit of a feast at home…

On the following day at 8 in the morning of the 24th, the guardia civiles of the entire Cebu province gathered at the Race Course. There seems to be an entire battalion of them. It was highly unusual that they were quiet, inattentive and gloomy. Upon inquiry, that was to be their last formation, their last time to be together for on that very morning, the guardia civiles will be disbanded.

A few cazadores then approached the said battalion; the guardia civiles later took out their guns and removed the bullets… and left their arms. The cazadores were the ones who gathered and brought the arms to the Kutta. A captain of the cazadores was tasked to bid them goodbye. The guardia civiles later dispersed sad.

That Christmas day, if everyone was happy, the members of the Katipunan were the happiest. The leaders and their soldiers who even before sunrise were in their new uniforms gathered at Tabunok… at Pardo… and others at the fringes of the streets of San Nicolas… all were already eager to control the reins of the Filipino government. Reports have it that the Spaniards will leave on that day.

We already know about the Bohol, the favorite ship of the Spaniards. This docked at the port of Binoy Veloso that Christmas morning. The Moros and the Zamboanga volunteers, on the other hand, sought shelter under the arbol de fuego… same with the cazadores and other Spanish troops who were waiting for the command at the Kutta grounds.

A horn sounded the “toque de atencion” to alarm all soldiers to go to their respective areas and to stand there. The horn sounded again. The soldiers stood at attention. The drums sounded and the horn blew. General Montero stood motionless at the sound of a lonely tune while the Spanish flag was slowly lowered down.

After the brief ceremony, all soldiers boarded together with their leader on the ship Bohol… When the ship passed by Kawit island, the Philippine flag was also flown at the mast of the Kutta.”

Malipayong Pasko sa tanan!

Sa pagpadayon sa atoang suguilanon. :D Salamat Bai Bantayanon sa continuation sa historia. Malipayong Pasko a todos!

Arrival from Manila

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/magallanes.jpg
Magallanes, Ciudad de Cebu. :cool:

BEFORE Leon Kilat's arrival in Cebu, the Cebuanos were already organized under the following structure: Candido Padilla, chief; Teofisto Cavan, secretary; Alejandro Climaco, treasurer; and Atilano Lopez, Frisco Abriyo, Luis Flores, Eugenio Gines, Florencio Gonzales, Lucio Herrera, Jacinto Pacaña, Francisco Llamas, Arsenio Cabreros, Justo Cabajar and P. Toribio Padilla as members.

They would often meet in secret places, sometimes in the house of Cabeza Llamas or the Chinese Lucio Herrera. Or at Jacinto Pacaña's place or at the house of Capitan Candido Padilla. Andres Abellana would relate that the house of Paulino Solon in Sambag (where the Don Vicente Sotto Memorial Hospital is now located) was used often because it was secluded and had plenty of trees. Solon (also known as Paulino Bungi) had a huge front yard where a tamarind tree stood and benches made of wood or split bamboo.

No exact date is given when Leon Kilat arrived for his final mission in Cebu. Some sources say he arrived in Mid-February or late March of 1898. But according to Andres Abellana in 1928, Kilat visited him sometime in December 1897. Afterwards, he was introduced to other cabecillas and leaders of the local chapter.

But before him, Kilat had already met Mariano Hernandez, one the organizers of the katipunan. Kilat had hesitations about Abellana being a former capitan who might report him to the authorities. Abellana in turn had his own apprehensions about Kilat whom he suspected of being a spy who was just fishing for information.

Thus, Abellana told him he did not want the Spanish regime to fall. Still Abellana would introduce him to other ring leaders like Candido Padilla and Florencio Gonzales who, like Abellana, refused to trust him.

"Nagkinidhatay lang ug mibalidad," recalled Abellana.

Finally, they brought him to Mariano Hernandez who showed them Aguinaldo's letter introducing Leon Kilat. The letter erased all their doubts, and they were happy that the man they had waited for was here at last.

In the meantime, the propaganda materials prepared and compiled by Domingo and Plata reached Cebu through Anastacio Oclarino and Gavino Gabucayan in January 1898. The latter had instructions to organize the katipunan in the Visayas and Mindanao and prepare the plan of establishing a dictatorial government. But this would not materialize due to the arrest and execution of Cavan and Gonzales.

In the instruction of Plata and Domingo, the persons appointed to lead this government were: Florencio Gonzales, as general in chief; Luis Flores, general for war plans; Jacinto Pacaña, supplier of weapons; Lucio Herrera, treasurer of war; Solomon Manalili, auditor; Candido Padilla, captain of the army; Fortunato Gonzales, lt. col. of the army and Bonifacio Arenas, division colonel. Mariano Hernandez was the supreme military authority who appointed the members of the macheteros (bolomen) against the cazadores, the bodyguards of Gen. Montero.

Aguinaldo's letter must have superceded the order of Domingo and Plata because it was Leon Kilat who had now assumed the leadership of the katipunan. He met with Luis Flores, Florencio Gonzales, Alejandro Antequia and Crisologo Franco Bermejo in whose presence he organized barangay no. 1 with Flores as chieftain in Sawang, Cebu City.

In the town of San Nicolas, he made contact with Teopisto Cavan in his house, then requested him to fetch Gregorio Padilla. In a meeting with the latter, Leon Kilat asked the latter not to divulge the plan of the revolt if he valued his own life. Then he organized barangay no. 2 with Padilla as chief of San Nicolas.

Leon himself assumed command of the katipunan army in the same locality, ordering every person to produce bladed weapons following certain measurements and telling each one to remember him only as Leon Kilat.

The katipunan was growing fast. While Leon Kilat was in Cebu, many young men were drawn to the organization. In the workplaces where abaca was being processed and in commericial houses, very few were not members of the katipunan. The young men of San Nicolas and the city Cebu were one in their aspirations for the motherland. In practically all places, there were groups headed by their own jefes, ready to fight.

Then an important meeting took place on March 11, 1898 at the sugar cane field of Jacinto Pacaña where it was decided to start the revolt on April 8 (Good Friday).The suggestion was brought up by Catalino Fernandez who argued that the all the Spaniards would be joining the procession on Good Friday and their guns would be facing down and without cartridges. They could take all the leaders in one blow with the least resistance.

Present in that meeting were the leaders of the katipunan in Cebu: Leon Kilat, Candido Padilla, Luis Flores, Eugenio Gines, Florencio Cavan, Jacinto Pacaña, Atilano Lopez, Francisco Llamas, Alejandro Climaco, Justo Cabajar, Alejo Miñoza, Hipolito Labra, Placido Datan, Alipio Barrera, Alejandro Villona, Nicanor Avila and others. They resolved to keep their agreements in secret that not even their wives, parents or brothers and sisters would be told about their fateful decisions that day.

They also conspired with the members of the voluntarios leales (royal volunteers) that in case of a shooting match with katipuneros, they would fire over their heads. Or they would aim their guns at the Spaniards should the latter refuse to surrender. Everybody in the meeting agreed.

That same March 11 meeting decided to send three leaders to Manila for military training. Francisco Llamas was told to leave immediately, bringing money and bladed weapons with him. Nicolas Godines and Eugenio Gines would follow later. This they did to avoid detection by Spanish authorities who were getting more and more suspicious of people going on boat trips to Manila.

But these activities could not go on without being detected by the Spanish authorities. By the middle of March 1898, they began to notice certain conditions in the city and San Nicolas. Rumors floated about the existence of a secret society. Many of the katipuneros, especially those who frequented Manila, were placed under surveillance.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/

The First Martyrs

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/execution.jpg

SOCIAL upheaval, like that which happened in Cebu in 1898, always has its share of casualties. As so often in the past, the first casualties were those who had minimal involvement in the planning and execution of the events fast shaping up.

The Spaniards were looking for something to start with - the names of persons involved. To verify their suspicions, two guardia civil fetched teniente Januario Gabrillo of Basak, San Nicolas from his house to find out who went to Opon for the mass at the church of Virgin sa Regla. It was reported that the ones involved in the katipunan prayed at the church prior to launching their revolt. The Spaniards felt uneasy about it.

So Gabrillo was brought to the tribunal of San Nicolas and subjected to interrogation. This tribunal was made of five persons who looked threatening enough with their looks, their voices and their eyes. Gervasio Padilla interceded for his release for not having done anything wrong, to no avail. The arresting officers simply refused, saying they were under the orders of Captain Revilla, chief of the local volunteers of Cebu.

During this time, the members of the voluntarios locales were: Florentino Rallos, Francisco del Mar, Francisco Sales, Arsenio Climaco, Manuel Roa, Jose Ocampo, Juan Borres, Esteban Manuel, Angel Iriarte, and very few Cebuanos. It was Remigio Gutierres, registrar of Cebu, who made efforts to set it up, bringing with him Fidel Moa, Pedro Royo, a certain Cuito, Eduardo Lopez and others.

Complete with firearms, each one had a Remington, were trained and also training others. They were fulltime in their job, made to believe that they would be fighting the North Americans, but they would be used against their fellowmen instead. Many of them joined the revolutionaries when the Spaniards left to fight against the Americans.

In behalf of the chief of the guardia civil district, Gabrillo was brought to Fort San Pedro where Captain Revilla was waiting. Again, Gabrillo was interrogated by Revilla through an interpreter, asked about his name, age, civil status and profession as well as the names of his companions who went to Opon for the mass at the Virgen sa Regla church. He was promised freedom if he revealed their names.

The ruse worked. Gabrillo revealed 15 names. Among the prominent ones mentioned were Teopisto Cavan, Presco Abreu (Frisco Abriyo in some accounts), Florencio Gonzales, Gregorio Abellana, Gavino Padilla and Andres Abellana.

But instead of being released, he was tortured some more until he died. He was buried on the right side of the fort. The incident happened on March 21, 1898, a Palm Sunday.

According to local historian Manuel Enriquez de la Calzada, many bad things happened on a Palm Sunday in the storied past of San Nicolas. It was a Palm Sunday in March 21, 1521 when 800 natives were baptized in Sugbu (the old name of San Nicolas).

On April 3, 1898, a Palm Sunday, the bell in San Nicolas was raised up, the same day that Sanicolasnons took up arms against their colonizers. (On another Palm Sunday, March 26, 1945, American planes bombed the church and destroyed it. Was Palm Sunday a jinx in the history of San Nicolasñ)

On the early morning of March 22, the list was secretely delivered to the Tribunal of San Nicolas by a certain Sargeant Mastache and two soldiers. An order was issued to arrest all suspected members of the katipunan, prompting all katipuneros to go into hiding.

But unfortunately, not all were informed. Among those caught unaware was Pinsoy (Florencio) Gonzales. He was also tortured and made to reveal the names of the other katipuneros. However, Gonzales kept his mouth shut.

His arrest was made possible through a woman informer of Labangon who told authorities about their presence in the area. Then Candido Padilla, Julio Llorente and the Regis brothers were also nabbed while asleep.

A few days later, Pisto (Teopisto) Cavan followed Gonzales to the fort. Upon his arrest, he was politely told that they were investigating something and needed to ask some questions. His family was even assured that he would return soon. A few days later, his parents went to the authorities, only to be told that Pistoy would go home in due time. But he never did.

Gonzales and Cavan were imprisoned inside the fort which was hot during daytime and made to sleep on stone floor which had the suffocating smell of urine. The food given was often stale, and they could not sleep. Interrogation came at the most unexpected hours. They were often breathless because of the rapidity with which questions were asked. They were boxed, kicked and slapped during these sessions.

When the tribunal was finished with them, it sent a summary of their "crimes" to General Montero who never knew what transpired. As usual, Montero would issue a sentencia de muerte (death sentence). This order could not be revoked, rescinded or opposed. Montero's decisions were always absolute.

So Gonzales and Cavan followed the fate of Gabrillo, becoming the first martyrs of the revolution in Cebu.

The wealthy Chinese Lucio Herrera was also summoned to see General Montero at his office. He was questioned about his relationship with Francisco Llamas, his brother-in-law. The latter replied that he knew nothing about Llamas' activities. Despite several slaps and kicks from the governor, the latter was still allowed to go home because of his strong connections with his countrymen and the influential Chinese community.

In the meantime, some leading members of the katipunan managed to escape the dragnet of the guardia civil. Gregorio Abellana left his house at Mindanao St. (now B. Aranas), luckily, just a few minutes before the arrival of the soldiers.

Then he met Crispin Echevarre, servant of Gervasio Padilla, who accompanied him to the latter's house. Padilla advised Abellana to leave immediately for Kabkab (Carcar)and stay there until April 7 (Holy Thursday), the eve of the revolt. So Abellana, accompanied by Severo "Iray" Padilla, left for Kabkab on horseback. They stayed with the Enriquez family of Miguel, Apolinaria and their sons Regino, Nicanor and Jaime who all became members of the Katipunan.

Unknown to them, their companions met on Friday (March 25 or April 1) to thresh out their plan of preparing a revolt against the Spanish government. They finalized the April 8 revolt, and agreed to place the quarters of the Carbineros, infantry and the guardia civil under watch with 50 men each. The signal for their attack would be the sky rocket to be launched by Jorge Nombrado.

At this time, the schedule for their uprising was still on Good Friday, April 8, 1898.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat3.html

Credits to Mr. Emil Justimbaste in coordination with the Cebuano Studies Centre of the University of San Carlos. :cool:

Amulets and Anting-anting

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/vest.jpg

AMULETS are part of the Filipino's arsenal of defenses against unknown forces in a world he knows very little about and which he is afraid of. In the Cebuanos' struggle against the Spanish tyranny, the odds were stacked against the local katipunan forces. They barely had time to organize themselves before they were discovered and some top leaders were arrested. They were ill-equipped to fight against a better-organized, better-armed and better-fed Spanish troops.

Rather than plunge into suicidal attacks against their enemies, it became necessary for the local revolutionaries to have a psychological prop to strengthen their resolve to fight. With Leon Kilat who had shown an extraordinary prowess, their handicap was solved.

Relatives in Bacong, Negros Oriental would testify that Leon Kilat had the uncanny ability to appear in places from seemingly out of nowhere and disappear, using his handkerchief like a magic carpet. Thus the name "Kilat" (lightning).

"Si Leon Kilat dunay hiyas nga nabantug ug gikaintapan sa mga kaaway (Leon Kilat had this quality which was reknowned and feared by his enemies)," recalled Andres Abellana 30 years after the revolution.

"Ako, nakakita gayud. Moasdang siya sa mga kaaway bisan naghadyong ang mga bala. Makuli nga maigo ug kon maigo man gani, maorag dili siya dutlan kay mamapha lang ug dili maunsa," added Abellana.

(I really saw it myself. He would advance towards his enemies even with bullets buzzing around him. It would be difficult to hit him. Or, even if he is hit, he simply dusts himself and he is not even hurt.)

But unlike others who are said to possess amulets, Leon willingly shared his ability with fellow katipuneros to shield them in battle. Whether or not these were actually effective did not seem to matter then. The katipuneros apparently believed they became invulnerable to bullets like their leader, and that kind of belief was important if they were to win their battles against the superior weapons of the Spanish guardia civil, cazadores and voluntarios locales.

First was the vistidora, a chasuble-like cloth worn over one's clothes. Printed on it were synbolic words and religious pictures and corrupted Latin and Spanish words and phrases.

The frontal part had God the Father's image at the upper portion, accompanied by images of the resurrection of Jesus Christ, heads of the Three Persons, the heads of the 12 Apostles, angels, archangels and seraphims carrying swords and chalices.

Corrupted Latin and Spanish words - like Cruz passion y muerte cruz de Cristo salva mi tress Ave Maria, Adit Dium Empacturom en visto virgo Jesus Jesus - completed the chasuble's front.

The back part of the clothing also bore the image of God the Father at the uppermost portion, with the images of St. James the Apostle and St. Michael, both riding horses and carrying swords, occupying the lower part. While at the center lowermost portion was the palm of the right hand which had the usual Latin and Spanish inscriptions.

Another amulet was a triangle-shaped clothing inscribed with several words and numbers and divided into nine smaller triangles. "Gibison Gaodio magnobaldi contra bala epica egosom pactom Dominom Diom Pactom Jesom Pleom Tom Jesus" were some of the words found in that piece of clothing. This was wound around the katipunero's head to shield him from head injuries.

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/kerchief.jpg


A substitute was a small triangular piece of cloth or paper on which the magical words have been written. This was attached to the brim of the hat.

A third clothing, about two fingerbreadths in width, had the image of an angel carrying a kris, with the following Spanish words: "Salvate Deus, Los que defienden de la patria como nuestro defensa en la patria celestial contra los demonios."

The local katipuneros were also made to place inside their mouths a round piece of paper about the size of one peso, with the following words inscribed in the center: Hiesus lamuroc milano. Around the paper were written: "Panes teurom nam butrates luz itirre quetram bobis viva buturiam." At the other side of that paper was written the letters K.K.K. It was called hostia redentora and believed to be powerful in preventing feelings of hunger or thirst during a long fight or long journey.

Entrusted with the task of writing the magical formulae, after receiving special instructions from Leon Kilat, was the young katipunero from San Nicolas, Francisco Ma. Labrador. To hasten this task, he used a wooden stamp marker.

Others who helped him with this task were Elpidio Rama, Anastacio Rama and Simplicio Alaura. Rama was entrusted by Kilat with the task of giving out the correct measure and appearance of the vistidora.

All those who were given these objects were repeatedly warned not to carry money or other metal objects, aside from their weapons, and not to allow themselves to be touched by women, else the effectivity of the anting-anting would be jeopardized.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat4.html

April 3, Palm Sunday

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/church1.jpg

THE untimely arrest and execution of Gonzales and Cavan on April 2 changed a lot of things for the katipuneros of Cebu. Both were deeply involved in the revolutionary movement and knew a lot about its leaders. It was only a matter of time before all of them would be caught and executed.

So an important meeting took place to change the original plan to start the uprising on April 8, Good Friday. Among those who attended this meeting were Leon Kilat, Eugenio Gines, Arsenio Cabreros, Mariano Hernandez, Francisco Labrador, Justo Cabajar, Catalino Fernandez, Rufo Abella, Francisco Llamas, the Pacaña family, the Abellanas of Dulho, Atilano Lopez, Benito Aves and many others. This meeting was said to have taken place in the house of Isidro Guibelondo at Carreta (possibly near the present Roman Catholic cemetery along Gen. Maxilom Ave.)

In this meeting, one leader forewarned about the danger of being arrested because the list of the revolutionaries was in the hands of Canvan and Gonzales, and this might be discovered by the Spaniards. Thus, it was impossible to wait for Good Friday.

Change of plans

Gregorio Padilla suggested the change of date to Arpil 3 in order to rescue Gonzales and Cavan alive from prison. Fernandez and others objected for reasons not explained. But Kilat approved of the proposed date. Luis Flores, chief of Barangay 1, had to be informed only because he was not present.

With the revolt being on the next day, Leon ordered the making of all the needed weapons. The man incharge of preparing the exact measurements of the dagger was Crispin Echevarre. In charge of printing the words of the anting-anting with the use of a wooden marker was Francisco Labrador, while Anastacio Rama was assigned to take charge of the measurements and shape of the chasuble that bore the magical Latin and Spanish words.

These were supposed to protect them against the bullets of the Spanish forces. Everyone present was told to inform others about the change of plans.

Talisay ambush

Unknown to the Cebuano katipuneros, the group in Talisay could no longer wait for the uprising to begin. This was composed of the Aliño brothers (Potenciano, Florencio, Felix and Januario), Pascasio Dabasol, Silvestre Cañedo, Simeon Cañedo and Wenceslao Capala. They were surprised when someone informed them to get ready. So they waited at the junction of Tabunok until 12:00 noon.

In Talisay at that time, six guardia civil were assigned, headed by a Spaniard named Sgt. Moscoso, with another Spaniard Engeniero Baldomero and four other natives. That evening of April 2, at around 9:00, three of them were patrolling the area when suddenly they were ambushed by katipuneros coming from Tabunok in barrio San Isidro and their arms were confiscated. These the katipuneros used to kill the two Spaniards who were resting at their headquarters.

In the meantime, at San Nicolas at 2:00 early morning of April 3, the guardia civil raided the house of Presco Abreu at El Pardo St. (now C. Padilla) corner Aragon st. (now Figueroa). Presco was a neighbor of Teopisto Cavan. He was taken by the guardia civil hogtied.

When discovered by the katipuneros, a member immediately went to Candido Padilla but he was no longer at his house having gone early to the cockpit. It was Gregorio Padilla who took the responsibility of informing his comrades in the katipunan about Abreu's arrest.

That very same day, the town officials woke up all the men in the locality to let them attend the first mass and ask their help in raising up the new church bell in place of the broken one in the belfry. But the authorities had other reasons. They wanted to check on all the men in the area.

Earlier, General Montero was informed by Father Tomas Gimenez about the surprise attack of the katipuneros through a confession of a certain Potenciana from Pardo. Thus, he instructed his cazadores, guardia civil, voluntarios locales and carraveneros to watch the men of San Nicolas grouping themselves together without the presence of soldiers and shoot them if necessary. He had now assumed command of the Spanish forces, not trusting his men completely.

At the San Nicolas church that morning, people came in their Sunday best. After all, it was palm Sunday. The officials (capitanes, pesados, tinientes and subalternos) were dressed in black "americana abierta con chalico y corbata", "adolfo" hat and "sapatos con charol". While others of lower social classes "igo lang sa sinina nga dublawo, camisa de chino, karsones nga puti."

After the mass, the Sanicolasnons converged around the new church bell which was to be raised to the belfry that morning. The palms were blessed, while the band played "Marcha de Cadiz". The sponsor of the bell at that time was Ceferina Llamas, who was then a young woman. While outwardly, things seemed normal, those who knew kept their own thoughts to themselves. The arrest of Abreu earlier that morning was already being whispered about.

At 9:00 o'clock that morning, as Luis Flores, Leon Kilat and Eugenio Gines were about to finish their breakfast, they were startled when Gregorio Padilla on horseback suddenly stopping at the doorstep of the house they slept in at Carreta. The night before, the three leaders had transferred there (probably in the house of Isidro Guibelondo, a Spanish mestizo lawyer who helped the katipunan) because the guardia civil were looking all over Cebu for them. Now Padilla arrived, breathless. They invited him inside and told him to sit down. Then Padilla gave his account of Abreu's arrest, which saddened the three.

Leon was the first to speak up: "Kon mao kini, kitang tanan mahanaw. Kinsa pa ma'y mopatuman sa atong mga planoñ" (If that is the case, all of us will perish. Who is going to implement our plansñ)

Flores took it hard upon himself, while Gines was speechless. A lot of questions came to their minds. Who will advance in battle when nobody knewñ Who will come in so short noticeñ Who is going to follow if the agreed time has not arrived yetñ Who will fight unpreparedñ

Leon who was firm in his resolve said: "Tana, moalsa kita karong adlawa. Kadtong saad ayaw na'g hulata, dili ta kini palabyong adlawa. Kay usa ka gutlo nga paglangan, libo ka dupa ang kadaugan sa atbang." (Come, let us start the uprising today. Let's not wait for the promised help, we will not let this day pass. A moment wasted means a thousand steps victory for the enemy.)

He ordered Luis Flores to prepare his forces in the city. Eugenio Godines was to go to Tinago, call a meeting and get inside the prison to free the prisoners. They would meet at the intusan (sugar mill) of Paulino Solon at Sambag in the afternoon to consolidate their forces. Leon Kilat himself would take charge of San Nicolas. The uprising would begin before 3:00 in the afternoon.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat5.html

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/kkk.jpg

Massing of Forces

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/katipunan.jpg

THREE o'clock in the afternoon of April 3, 1898 was an exciting moment in Cebu's history. Whatever would be the outcome of that would decide the fate of Cebuanos in the next century.

But there were other events outside Cebu that were beyond the control of the protagonists here. Spain had entered into another war with the United States, and this was sapping her energies and resources. Unknown to the katipuneros in Cebu, the ships of the American Admiral Dewey were now patrolling Manila bay, threatening Spain's once-invincible armada.

Still that did not deter the Spaniards here from holding on to their colony. This they did with a fierceness of a cornered dog, ready to bite back when provoked.

But it was a different story for the civilian Spaniards, the aliens, the pro-Spanish Cebuanos and the non-aligned ones. They began to leave their homes, carrying their belongings with them to Fort San Pedro, the only place safe enough for them.

Others went to the government house near the fort, the bishop's palace, the seminario de San Carlos, the Colegio de la Immaculada Concepcion (at its old site near the cathedral) and the offices of foreign business firms.

At the fort, Gen.Adolfo Montero tried to calm down the evacuees, telling them that the insurrectos would soon be crushed with the might of the Spanish arms. It would be foolish for the 'indios' to fight, he said confidently.

The turmoil among the Spaniards did not pass unnoticed. On their part, the katipuneros started to mobilize their own forces. According to one source, after the group decided on the 3:00 o'clock uprising, Leon Kilat rode a flecha (a horse-driven cart) owned by Simplicio "Titoy" Salcedo around San Nicolas, informing katipuneros of their final decision.

He rode towards Labangon, shouting the first names of katipuneros in the street and announcing that they should proceed to a place near the San Nicolas cemetery along Guadalupe river. From Labangon, he proceeded to Carlock, pasing through Paseo de Labangon (now Tres de Abril) until Tisa, turning at Punta Princesa, then to Basak and back to the house of Paulina Padilla (Ulinday), sister of Fr. Toribio Padilla, where he ate his lunch. It was one of the houses where Leon Kilat lived.

In response, the men who were called to the uprising immediately put on their clothes, without telling their wives, families, parents, not knowing where the movement was taking them.

At Paulina's house, Leon Kilat urged the women gathered to go inside and pray the rosary, leading the prayer himself. He finished it until the Litany. After the prayer, the women could not control themselves and started to wail (nagdanguynguy), while one of them fainted. Kilat had to tell them to shut up, chiding them and saying their actuations would only cause their defeat.

At that moment, a group of guardia civil passed by the house. Afraid that the troops would hear the women crying, he threatened to lunge at the enemy from the window if they did not stop wailing. They stopped when he made motions to open the windows.

Apparently, the loyalist soldiers were on their way to Talisay to reinforce the guardia civiles who were ambushed the night before. The other katipuneros with Kilat were Andres Abellana, Leon Cabase, Floro Echevarre and others. The men wanted to attack the troops but Kilat prevailed upon them and told them to wait for a more opportune moment. The two groups, Barangays 1 and 2, still had to meet at the designated place near the Guadalupe river.

Other katipuneros soon joined Kilat on the way to their assembly point: the Padillas (Gavino, Especioso,and Gregorio), Estanislao Sarion, Doroteo Bacayo, Gregorio Abellana, Leon Cabase, Agustin Ylaya, Pascual Ybuna, the Cabarrubias (Catalino and Miguel), the Calinawans (Brigido and Severo), Lucas Abellana, and others.

At corner of Rosalia (now Carlock) and Mindanao (now B. Aranas) streets, the group was joined by Isabelo Zabate, Julian and Teodoro Villona, Eulogio and Eleuterio Abellana, Anacleto and Francisco Cavan, and some others. The group was swelling.

In the meantime, Barangay 1 under Luis Flores passed by Catalona St. towards Guadalupe road (now V. Rama ave.) until both Barangays would finally meet under the mango trees near the San Nicolas cemetery in Calamba.


At this point, the two group leaders agreed on their respective plans of action against the Spaniards. Final instructions were given. Barangay 1 under Flores was to assault San Pedro and to free all its prisoners, while Barangay 2 would attack the Spanish troops in city and San Nicolas. Eugenio Gines would gather Katipuneros from the northern parts of the city and join the bigger group.

Another group lead by Machacon was also gathered at Paulino Solon's intusan (sugar mill) in Sambag (near the present Urgello). They had no guns, but had bolos, spears and knives. They were in high spirits, confident that the habak and anting-anting given by Leon Kilat would protect them from the Spanish guns. They crossed the Guadalupe river and started marching eastward towards San Nicolas poblacion, following the present V. Rama Ave. They would also join the bigger group massed at the cemetery. Their number had now swelled to an estimated 2,500.

In the meantime, the parish priest of San Nicolas, Fray Pedro Medina, informed Gen. Montero that the residents of San Nicolas were moving towards Guadalupe. Then more detailed reports came from Santiago Ferraris and Luciano Bacayo, both from San Nicolas. They confirmed that a big gathering of San Nicolas residents were in the cemetery in Calamba. Apparently, the two were also recruited into the katipunan but for reasons of their own betrayed it. Montero was mad and threatened the two with death if a revolt erupted in area.

Gen. Montero lost no time and ordered Capt. Joaquin Monfort and Capt. Ciriaco Gutierrez to lead a mixed company of soldiers - guardia civiles, carabineros, cuadrilleros, violuntarios and vigilantes of the ayuntamiento. To assist the captain were Sgt. Cueto, Sgt. Pedro Pedro Royo and Cpl. Fidel Moas.

Among the Cebuano violunteers were Jose Atillano, Eduardo Lopez, Manuel Maldonado, Arsenio Climaco, Apolinar Kabilbil. Godofredo Lago, Simeon Padriga, Pedro Sanson, Juan Borres, Raymundo Enriquez (father of Manuel Enriquez de la Calzada). They were instructed by Montero to proceed to the area and find out what the people were gathering for.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat6.html

First Encounter

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/assault.jpg

THE katipuneros were ready to fight their battle of a lifetime. It was as if their anger, repressed in three centuries of docility and subservience, was now bursting from its shell.

Loyalist troops upon orders of Gen. Montero arrived at bridge of the southern end of Colon (Puente de la Revoluccion), then divided itself into two groups. The first group led by Capt. Monfort and Sgt. Cueto followed Tres de Abril St. (then called General Weyler St.), while the second group under Capt. Gutierrez and Sgt. Pedro Royo followed El Pardo (now C. Padilla) for a short distance, then turned right following V. Rama Ave., going towards the cemetery in Calamba.

The two columns of loyalist troops converged at the crossing of Tres de Abril and V. Rama Ave., then stopped to ascertain the whereabouts of a crowd reported to have gathered near the Calamba cemetery.

The guardia civiles assigned for patrol duty in Basak and Labangon encountered Gines' men on the road leading to Mambaling near Candido Rama's residence. Another group bound for Talisay also failed to reach their destination for the same reason.

Meanwhile, Leon Kilat was informed that soldiers had arrived near Pahina bridge. He met Justo Kabajar and his men at the northwestern end of the JM Basa st. which intersects V. Rama Ave., hiding behind trees and other structures. They were preparing to ambush the approaching loyalist soldiers marching westwards along Guadalupe road (now V. Rama Ave.). Kabajar did not know that another column of soldiers was at that time also marching along Tres de Abril St.

Kilat ordered Kabajar not to attack prematurely, and instead wait for other katipuneros coming from the cemetery. He also instructed the latter to surround soldiers when attacking.

Knowing the movement of the enemy, Leon Kilat went in haste towards the main body of the katipuneros, avoiding Guadalupe road as he moved towards the Calamba cemetery where the huge group of katipuneros was concentrated. He did not have to walk far when he met them. Immediately, he assumed command, leading them to the location of the enemy troops.

At intersection of V. Rama and Tres de Abril st. where the enemy troops had stopped, Kilat deployed his men. The left wing of katipuneros was placed under Eugenio Gines and Francisco Llamas, to be assisted by Arsenio Cabreros, Rufo Abella, Pio Lopez and Dionisio Abellar. The center column, commanded by Kilat himself and assisted by Alejo Miñoza, took position at the intersection itself.

The majority of the katipuneros were massed here, using as cover the stone corner of the house of Nicolas ("Lasay") and Antonio Lopez. The distance between the katipuneros and the loyalist troops were now only 15 meters.

Loyalist soldiers saw them, noting their lack of arms. Sgt. Pedro Royo shouted: "You stupid people. What do you wantñ Return to your homes. Go away before you are hit by the bullets and killed."

The katipuneros answered back, taunting them with their own challenges. Evidently, they were not afraid of the Spaniards' rifles. So the loyalist troops started firing. At the same time, Kilat told his men to lie flat on the ground, knowing that the rifles of the enemy would be good for only five shots. After that, they have to load their rifles again. Those brief seconds would give them enough time to rise up and swing their bladed weapons.

After five shots from the Spanish rifles, Kilat personally led his men to a hand-to-hand skirmish, resulting in the beheading of Lt. Cueto by his kris. Another Cazador, trying to run away, also met his death after his shoulder was sliced from his body by Kilat.

Spaniards retreat

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/colon.jpg
Calle Colon

In due time, the soldiers realized that they were no match for the bolos of the katipuneros. The retreated towards the Puente de la Revolucion (Colon bridge) with the katipuneros close in pursuit. The loyalists' second column shooting effectively managed to protect the retreating soldiers. Then both Spanish columns retreated beyond the bridge, taking up another position with their rifles.

While this battle was going on, Baragay 1 under Luis Flores heard the gunshots and this led to join him with Barangay 2, thus failing to reach his objective which was the fort. It would have been possible for him to take the fort easily as it was defended by very few soldiers.

From the scene of battle, Leon recovered one Remington rifle with several rounds of ammunition; Abellana got one Mauser; and others firearms of different calibers from dead Spaniards, or a total of 15 rifles and several hundred rounds of ammunitions.

Seeing the number of dead companions, the voluntarios locales at the San Nicolas Tribunal retreated towards the direction of Calamba st. leading to Ermita but were pursued by a group of rebels led by Justo Cabajar, Miñoza, Gines, Rufo Abella and others. Near this place, Cabajar shot one of them with a rifle earlier confiscated, forcing others to escape towards the city. Kabajar's group brought along five newly captured rifles.

Afterwards the voluntarios beat a hasty retreat towards Puente Forbes (at the southern end of Magallanes st.), just within sight of Recoleto barracks where they could hide in case the fighting got worse.

Another group of cazadores on their way to reinforce the guardia civiles in Talisay was surprised by rebels at Dulho. At Basak the group led by Arsenio Cabreros chased one group of guardia civil on its way to Labangon.

At the Puente de la Revolucion (Colon bridge), the confrontation and exchange of fire between the two groups continued for some minutes. But the Spaniards, sensing that they would be overpowered, withdrew to Fort San Pedro to make their last stand against the victorious katipuneros.

They brought their dead and wounded companions to the infirmary of the Colegio de San Carlos (now the University of San Carlos) on Martires st. (now Don Mariano Jesus Cuenco Ave.) where all the wounded, numbering about 30, died within a week of confinement and treatment.

On the side of the katipuneros, Doyong Flores, Atilano Lopez, Gregorio Salazar from Sangi, San Fernando, died on the spot. Titoy Saceda died later from wounds suffered in the battle. Eight KKKs were wounded including Eugenio Gines who was hit with a bullet from a Mauser, and Martin Cabreros who was hit by the same caliber with two bullets near his heart.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat7.html

Here are several links appropriate for this thread:

On Pedro Calungsod:
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/292762/records-dont-pinpoint-this-bisayas-family-roots

The Spanish roots of Cebu:
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/315931/tracing-the-spanish-roots-of-cebu

On How Visayans revered their dead:
http://biliranisland.com/blogs/?p=4008

Revolutionaries Gain Ground

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/revolt.jpg

Spaniards were finally on the run. The troops of Gen. Montero were fleeing for their lives to Fort San Pedro before the sharp bolos of the katipuneros under the leadership of Leon Kilat. With the newly seized rifles from the fleeing Spaniards, they gained new weapons and renewed confidence to win the war.

By 5:00 in the afternoon of April 3, 1898, Capt. Monfort who held his ground near the Puente de la Revolucion (Colon bridge) had no choice but to order his men to the fort. Just to show that they were not yet beaten, loyalist soldiers shouted while on their way:"Viva España!" Not to be outdone, the katipuneros shouted back:"Viva katipunan! Viva Filipinas!"

At the fort, Montero was mad. He ordered all government military personnel to leave their stations outside to come to the fort. Only those areas which had munitions and food, like the San Agustin church and the cathedral, were not deserted totally.

Many Spaniards who did not heed Montero's order were executed by the katipuneros. One was a Spaniard Enrique Carratala from Dulho, San Nicolas. A group caught up with him, then killed him.

Outside the fort, the katipuneros had a heyday. On the suggestion of Severo Padilla, telegraph lines were cut. These were the city's connection to Balamban, then across the sea to Escalante in Negros Oriental. From escalante, the lines continued to Iloilo and to Manila. Reinforcements could come from these two places with the lines open.

Katipuneros led by Llamas, Abellar and Hernandez freed all prisoners at the carcel without any objection from the chief warden Telesforo Salguero, who was himself a katipunero. Then they proceeded to Carreta where the Hospital de Lazarinos was located and freed the lepers.

In the meantime, Leon Kilat ordered some of his men led by Elpedio Rama and Gregorio Padilla to buy medicines for their wounded from Botica Antigua. The drugstore owner Andres Krapenbauer allowed them to enter the premises upon knowing that their leader, Leon Kilat, once worked for him. He gave the medicines for free, saying it was his contribution to the movement. The wounded were treated in the residence of Jacinto Pacaña at Labangon which was now converted into the general headquarters of the katipunan and infirmary. Among the wounded were Gines and Cabreros.

That night, the katipuneros of Talisay, led by the Aliño brothers, attacked the guardia civil detachment, killing the Spniards, the administrator, his wife and children. The parish priest Fr. Valerio Rodrigo (Fr. Pedro Medina in another account) managed to escape on a banca to Cebu and sought refuge at the fort.

The rebels also captured the cartilla teacher, Maestro Hilario Gandiongco. But he was subsequently released upon learning that he was not known to mistreat Filipinos.

In Pardo, the parish priest Fr. Tomas Jimenes was murdered by the rebels of Tabunok. The cartilla teacher maestro Mariano Crisologo was taken prisoner.

At the fort that night, the Spaniards still felt they could defend it indefinitely. Their confidence was bolstered with the presence of two gunboats, Maria Cristina and Paragua, which bombarded areas in San Nicolas, burning some houses there. The latter arrived from Iligan that afternoon.

The Spaniards reasoned that the two could guard the two sides facing the sea, leaving only one side to be defended by those at the fort. However, during a conferece with his officers, Montero admitted that a massive attack by the insurrectos could overwhelm them since they were vastly outnumbered. They had to ask for reinforcement.

At around 10:00 pm, Montero sent out a patrol to verify if the katipuneros were still in the city. They were met by a group of katipuneros at at the corner of Escolta and Lutao st. (now M.C. Briones), who were only too eager to fight. The soldiers beat a hasty retreat to the fort.

The next three days

The next three days, the rebels were in complete control of the city. The formed a temporary government under Leon Kilat because new recruits had to have a semblance of organization. The katipunan had spread throughout the province when it was learned that the Spaniards were on the retreat and holding out only in the fort.

New recruits had to undergo training in miltary tactics and reconnaisance, but they could not be trained to shoot due to the shortage of ammunitions. At this time , the katipuneros had swelled to 2,000 in Cebu province. They also appointed Fr. Toribio Padilla as their chaplain even if he was still under house arrest in the Seminario de San Carlos.

With more recruits coming in, discipline had declined. Looting was reported in establishments known to be strongholds of the Spaniards: at the Recollect convent, in the houses of Spaniards, Chinese stores at Lutao and mestizo-Chinese at Parian. The Recollects reported a loss of P19,000 in cash, while the Campaña de Tabacos (Tabacalera) P30,000 and an undetermined property destroyed.

In the meantime, the victorious katipuneros conducted patrols in the city. Groups were sent to various parts - to Carbon, Tinago, Parian, Zapatera and San Roque - keeping a safe distance from the cannons at the fort and the riflemen stationed at the church towers of San Agustin and the cathedral and the David Sommer building.

Attack on the fort

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/sanpedro5.jpg

But the leaders of the katipunan were uneasy. As long as the Spaniards were at the fort, they had something to worry about. They wanted to finish them off. So on Tuesday, April 5, Leon Kilat riding a horse led a group and attempted to stage a breakthrough. But the attack failed due to the rapid firing of rifles and a volley of cannon fire. He fell off his horse, stood up, dusted himself, and continued riding his horse. The legend of his invulnerability was bolstered.

The news of that incident not only proved to other rebels that his "talisman" was reliable, but it also served as a rallying point for them to continue their struggle against the enemy.

So they did not give up the seige of the fort. Instead, they tightened their watch so as to cause the death of Spaniards from hunger or thirst sooner or later. At this point, the rebels captured one Cebuano who stayed inside the fort and revealed to Leon Kilat its actual situation. The occupants were suffering from food and water shortage, he said. So the katipuneros decided to attack the fort the next day, Wednesday.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat8.html

The Retreat Begins

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/soldiers3.jpg

THREE days after katipuneros drove the Spaniards to Fort San Pedro, the former still wanted to storm it. The Spanish occupation of a portion of Cebu made them uneasy. But the problem was how to get inside. And there was no way to get there except by scaling the walls, which meant they had to have ladders.

Moreover, they had to face the bullets of the fort's defenders, which did not look too inviting to the revolutionaries. They knew a lot of lives would be wasted. No one, except Leon Kilat, appeared willing to risk his life this way.

In the meantime, unknown to revolutionaries, the arrival of steamer Venus brought some good news to the beleaguered Gen. Montero. The Spaniards in Iloilo had sent a message to Manila asking for reinforcements for Cebu, offering some bright hope for their salvation.

But by Wednesday, April 6, their supplies inside the fort were dwindling rapidly. Montero tried to remedy the situation by sending some soldiers to Lutao to secure food. But they were seen by katipuneros who were only too eager to gun them down. So they beat a hasty retreat to the fort.

In other places, the success of the revolt in the city and San Nicolas prodded on residents in other towns to take up arms also. In Carcar that Tuesday, April 5, shouts of "Viva Katipunan!" and "Viva Filipinas!" were heard in Valladolid.

The Carcar uprising was led by the Enriquez brothers (Severino, Nicanor and Jaime) and the Regis brothers (Magno and Eliseo). One of their trusted man was Apolinario Alcuitas who was later to go down in history as a traitor to the revolutionary cause.

The Carcar group swelled as it marched up to the tribunal and the Catholic convent. There they looked for the priests and were able to capture three Agustianians, while two others escaped. A few guardia civil defending the tribunal in were killed and their rifles seized.

A group subsequently went to Sibonga where they captured the parish priest Fray Emiliano Diez who had escaped from Carcar. The group was led by Jaime Enriquez and Antonio Miñoza.

Miñoza went farther to Argao 18 kilometrs away with another group. The parish priest Fr. Antolin Frias was nowhere to be found. Some of the guardia civil surrendered, while others joined the katipunan.

In Barili, the most important town in the western coast of Cebu, the pro-Spanish officials fled to Cebu city by sailboat. One of the prisoners there, Aguedo Batobalonos, broke out of his cell and freed other prisoners. Then they burned documents of the court and the treasury. The guardia civil also surrendered. By Wednesday, Batobalonos had a few hundred followers. By Thursday, they were joined by the KKK from Dumanjug led by Nicolas Godines and Saturnino Echavez.

In Opon and Cordova, katipuneros led by Pascual Tuada and Pio Lopez also took up arms against the Spaniards. The guardia civiles detailed in Opon could not be found, while the priest also fled to the fort.

But the priest of Cordoba, Fray Jose Baztan, could not escape the angry residents there. Earlier, he had aroused their anger by requiring them to carry massive rocks for building and lashed them if they did not follow his orders. He was captured by the revolutionaries and executed at the town plaza on April 4, 1898.

In Mabolo, Mandaue and Consolacion, residents also took up arms after the learned of the successful April 3 uprising. They were led by Francisco Llamas, Luis Abellar and Mariano Hernandez. In Mandaue, the guardia civil and priest also fled. The same was true in Consolacion. The priest Fray Agustin Martel had beaten them to the draw.

The tide turns

By early morning Thursday, April 7, unknown to katipuneros, the cruiser Don Juan Austria chartered merchant steamer Churruca arrived from Manila. Aboard were loyalist troops commanded by Gen. Celestino Fernandez Tejeiro. These were seasoned veterans.

Much as the katipuneros tried to prevent them from landing on the beach at the northeastern end of M.C. Briones st., they appeared helpess. Immediately, the mood at the fort changed. Their morale was boosted. There was shouting and rejoicing among the fort's occupants.

Then the two generals Montero and Fernandez sat down to plan a counterattack. All non-combatants (the Spaniards, mestizos, pro-Spanish Flipinos) were to stay inside fort. Then three groups would be deployed by the soldiers. Others were to remain to guard fort.

The gun boat Paragua and Don Juan Austria took positions at sea between Kawit island and barrio Pasil of San Nicolas. To the shock of San Nicolas parishioners, the two boats started bombarding huts in San Nicolas, resulting in the panic of many residents.

After a few hours, the gunboats changed targets. They began hitting Lutao, Carbon, Ermita, areas facing the sea, putting these places in flames. Katipuneros had in the meantime retreated. But the boats avoided hitting the Recoleto barracks, apparently acting on instructions from Recollect priests holed in at the fort.

The Parian residences of the Chinese and and a few Spanish mestizos were also burned down by loyalist soldiers. They were mad because some of them gave assistance to the katipunan.

Retreat

Sensing that they were up against a better-armed enemy, the katipuneros started a retreat, with a lot of them finally looking for refuge in the mountains of Cebu. They abandoned their positions in the city. Those from Lutao joined the large group from Recolletos and took positions beyond the Forbes bridge. The cruiser would later drive them off by massive bombardment, leaving behind a good number of casualties.

Those at Parian and Tinago retreated towards Puente de la Revolucion at the southern end of Colon st. Here they tried to hold their ground. In the early afternoon of Thursday, the counter-attacking Spaniards renewed their attacks against the two groups, inflicting a large number of casualties on the latter. The bolos and massed attacks now proved to be ineffectual. So were the amulets given by Leon Kilat.

The massive attacks forced the Katipunan forces to disperse outside the city. A group led by Leon Kilat proceeded to Kabkab (Carcar), thinking that because there was a group there, they would not starve. Kabkab was also far from the sea, thus, making it difficult for the ships to bombard them. Little did Kilat suspect that his retreat would end tragically.

With him in Kabkab were Andres Abellana, Gervacio Padilla, Luciano Bacayo and Nicanor Enriquez. They were tired and sad due to the deaths of their relatives. Many of them were wounded.

The others, like Luis Flores and Candido Padilla, found sanctuary in other towns. Some went to the mountains of Sudlon, while others fled as far as Negros and Camotes island, thinking that the hand of the Spaniards would not reach them any longer.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat9.html

Betrayal and Death

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/deathcert.jpg

THE retreat of the katipuneros from San Nicolas and the city paved the way for the widespread arrests and executions of other civilians, whether or not they were involved in katipunan. Among those captured when the Spaniards retook the city were Alejandro Antioquia, Dr. Eduardo Rodriguez, Prudencio Camara, Lucio Herrrera, Placido Datan, Jose Abelgas, Raymundo Jurado, Agapito Nadela, Andres Abellana who was recaptured after his release in Carcar, Januario C. Veloso, Carlos Castañares, Pedro Cui, Pascual Antonio, Epitacio Agustin, Cristino Lopez and Isidro Guibelondo (who was arrested in Talamban).

Also taken was Fr. Toribio Padilla, parish priest of the cathedral. He was placed undr house arrest at the Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos.

Later, these were released by the Spaniards. The lesser known civilians were summarily executed. The cousins Olimpio and Emilio Regis tried to use the "amnesty pass" offered by Gen. Montero, convinced that they would be granted clemency because they were not involved. Instead, the two were arrested and executed together with Candido Padilla.

Padilla, an ex-capitan of San Nicolas, could not save himself despite the petition of Fr. Jorge Romanillo, the parish priest of the town at this time. During the last hours of his life, he was however given the privilege of having his confession heard and allowed to visit the Santo Niño at the San Agustin church.

Another pro-Spanish Tagalog who served as a spy, Crispulo Valderrama, was also arrested and shot to death without trial. With him were Raymundo Jurado and Jose Abelgas from Carcar. The two were also executed.

So fierce and swift was the jeuz de cuchillo of Cebu's colonial masters that all adult males met by patrols in the streets were considered enemies who were to be shot if they did not know the password.

Betrayal

But of all the katipuneros who met their end, it was their leader Leon Kilat who died most tragically not only for the manner of his death but for the betrayal by one of his men in Carcar.

Even before the katipuneros' arrival in that southern town, Kabkab (Carcar) residents already learned of their defeat at the hands of the Spaniards, following the arrival of reinforcements from Manila. They had mixed feelings about accepting Leon Kilat, afraid of retaliation from their Spanish masters.

Kabkab leaders, like kapitan Florencio Noel (Tan Insyong), Timoteo Barcenilla, kapitan Kadyo Jaen, kapitan Jacinto Velez, kapitan Simeon Paras, told Andres Abellana: "Tell Kilat to finish fighting in Naga, not in Kabkab."

To which Abellana retorted: "Sa wa pa mosibog si Don Leon nganhi, ang mga tawo gipahibawo una nga anhi padangpon sa Kabkab kay anhi tapusa ang away. Ug karon nga anhi na ang mga tawo, malisud na ang pagsulti kanila sa tagsa-tagsa nga ang away adto usab tapusa sa laing dapit."

(Before Leon retreated here, people were informed that they should proceed to Carcar because the fight will end here. Now that people are here, it is difficult to tell them that the fight will be somewhere else.)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/noelhouse.jpg

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/deathsite.jpg

In the story of Vicente Alcoseba who was with the group of Kilat at that time, the plan to kill the latter was actually hatched at the confessional in the church. The coadjutor at the time, a Fr. Francisco Blanco who was teaching Latin at the Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos, would not meet kapitan Florencio Noel at the convent because it would be suspicious.

Alcoseba said it was Blanco who suggested to Noel that the only way Kabkab could avoid the retaliation of the Spaniards was to kill Kilat.


Little did Kilat suspect what would befall him that fateful Good Friday in 1898 in Carcar because when he arrived in the evening of Holy Thursday, he was accorded a courtesy due a visiting dignitary. First, he went to the house of kapitan Paras, then later transferred to the house of kapitan Tiyoy Barcenilla where he and his men were tendered goat's meat, chicken and pork. After supper, he was offered coffee and ginebra at the sala.

While his men were telling stories of the uprising in Cebu, he asked kapitan Tiyoy if he could call a tailor who could make a "traje de rayadillo" which had become the katipunan's uniform. He wanted to change his clothes the next morning after he took a bath. Minutes later, a tailor named Segundo Alcordo came with his metrosan (a tailor's tape measure) to take his measurements.

Meantime, the plotters appeared ill at ease, said Alcoseba. Tiyoy Barcenilla could not stay put in his seat. Sometimes, he would confer with kapitan Kadyo at the back of the house and talk in whispers. Minutes later, he would shift to Kapitan Gundoy, as if something else was going on.

Then Apolinario Alcuitas, a recruit of the katipunan in Kabkab, shouted for everyone to hear: "Mga kaigsoonan, ipahibalo ko kaninyo nga karong gabhiona, may ihawon akong kabayo."(Brothers, I would like to announce that tonight I am going to slaughter a horse.) At that time, Alcoseba could not understand the meaning of all these.

Since Leon Kilat was tired, it did not take long before sleep was in order. The room assigned to him was the one near the stairs of the five-bedroom house of Barcenilla. A son of the owner, Vicente, curious about Kilat's exploits, had a brief talk with the latter. He was the last person to talk to him alive.

For a while, Vicente and his uncle Mariano Alfafara talked for some minutes in the corridor outside the room occupied by Kilat. Very soon, they too, went to sleep in another room. Mariano was persuaded by Vicente to stay that night.

Vicente would wake up a few hours later when he heard loud noises coming from Kilat's room. He awakened Mariano and both went outside at once, only to be met by Florencio Noel coming up the stairs, carrying a huge crucifix and asking excitedly: "Naunsa na? Naunsa na?" (Has anything happened yet?)

Then Noel shouted: "Viva España! Viva España!" Several others outside the house responded.

Vicente found the maid Kitay and both went inside Kilat's room from where loud noises came. There he saw to his shock the limp body of Kilat being pinned down by eight men, with some of them taking turns at stabbing it. The skull had been earlier smashed with with the butt of Kilat's own gun.

"Buhi pa ba?" (Is he still alive?) Vicente heard Vinsyong Cui ask.

"Patay na intawon," (He is dead,)answered Kitay. Vicente who was speechless leaned against the wall, in shock.

Then they took his body down the stairs till Cui told the other conspirators: "Ihunong. Ibutang una ninyo. Atong sulayan, ambi tuod dili ba dutlan." (Stop. Put it down. Let's see if he is invulnerable.)

Each one took turns at stabbing the dead body and breaking some of his limbs. Then they carried Leon Kilat's body to the center of the town where it was displayed for all residents to see. It was 5:00 early Friday morning.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat10.html

Regrouping in the Mountains

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/max.jpg

THE situation of katipuneros in other towns were not as desperate as that of the group which fled to Carcar that fateful Holy Thursday, April 7, 1898. Arcadio Maxilom and Emilio Verdeflor, earlier appointed as captain and lieutenant by the revolutionary government president Luis Flores, had just arrived Thursday in Tuburan.

It was his hometown and his power base, being a former capitan of that town. He did not know what happened to the katipuneros that day. Immediately, he went to Ernesto Tabotabo, one of the wealthiest residents of Tuburan, recruiting him into the KKK. The latter aceepted without hesitation.

Their first task was to make the guardia civil at the tribunal surrender. And surrender they did without firing a shot, including their firearms. In preparation for the battles ahead, Maxilom also urged the local KKK members to make bladed weapons and spears from anahaw (a type of palm tree). That was when he learned of the katipunan's defeat in the city.

Meanwhile, Bonifacio Aranas, one of the katipunan's early members, fled to the mountains of Cebu together with other members after San Nicolas and the city were recaptured by the Spaniards. His area of operations were now the mountains of Toledo and Balamban.

Then on April 11, Aranas and his men raided some barrios near the poblacion of Toledo, capturing local prominent men like Angel Libre, Jose Rodriguez, Francisco Villaester and Juan Climaco. Climaco was an ex-capitan of Toledo and owned large tracts of lands in barrio Madugo. His house was made into the headquarters of the katipunan in the area.

At that time, a farmer by the name of Claudio Bacus was also organizing his own group in the mountains of Toledo and Balamban. He soon established links with Aranas and agreed to cooperate with him in their operations.

On 12th of April, the guardia civil detachment of Balamban offered to surrender to Aranas. But the offer looked suspicious. So Bacus and Aranas approached the tribunal from two different positions, expecting to be tricked by the enemy.

They were right. Shots rang from the bell tower and from trenches near the church. The katipuneros returned fire, then engaged the enemy in hand-to-hand skirmish. The latter had to scamper to the forest. Sgt. Claudio Gomez who led the loyalists fell from the bolo of Bacus, while the priest escaped by boat to Cebu.

After that incident, Aranas left Balamban for Tuburan to coordinate with Arcadio Maxilom and Tabotabo. Bacus on the other hand went to Toledo to consolidate his forces.

Pro-Spanish residents had deserted the streets when the katipuneros led by Aranas passed by Asturias. Eugenio Alonso, the owner of 400-hectare hacienda near the problacion, also fled. Many Asturias residents wanted to join KKK.

Battle at Tuburan

In Tuburan, Aranas, Verdeflor, Batobalonos and their men were joyfully received by residents led by Maxilom and Fausto Tabotabo. Maxilom had earlier returned to Tuburan after he heard of katipunan reverses in the city. But instead of getting discouraged, he redoubled efforts to recruit new members.

For a while, Tuburan was a liberated town. The shouts of KKK members "Mabuhi ang Pilipinas" and "Mabuhi ang Katipunan" reverberated in the streets. At the house of Tabotabo, amulets like the ones introduced by Leon Kilat were being made according to specifications. Training of residents to fight against Spanish rifles also went on.

The Tuburan katipuneros were reinforced by the presence of Enemecio and Samuel Maxilom, both brothers of Arcadio, who had recruited members and assembled in the mountain of Anijao.

It would not be long before they would have their first taste of battle. On April 15, warning shots told them there were two boats slowly approaching Tuburan. Hastily, katipuneros assembled at pre-arranged places under their respective jefes and took their positions.

At 7:00 am, Spanish soldiers led by cazadores and Tagalogs of the 73rd regiment disembarked, marched to the town center and started firing at suspected hiding places. Then the katipuneros returned fire and surrounded the loyalist troops. A shooting spree erupted, resulting in several casualties from both sides. The loyalists had to retreat.

An hour later, the loyalists from the other boat disembarked, but they did not wade ashore immediately. The second gunboat trained its guns on poblacion, hitting houses and trenches which the katipuneros could do nothing about. The had to retreat to the mountains. With them were other civilians who had not evacuated earlier.

So the soldiers went ashore to an empty town. They started looting valuables and slaughtering domesticated animals for food. After raping the town, they carried dead Spaniards to their boats, but left the dead bodies of loyalist Filipinos. Then they burned the houses, sparing the convent, church and municipal building.

When the Spaniards left, the residents went back and treated their wounded comrades. It was their worst tragedy. They lost their properties and buried their dead, friends and foes alike. In the final count, 80 loyalist soldiers and three of their officers died.

On the side of the katipunan, 45 were slain here. The number included relatives of Maxilom, seven cousins and his own brother, Cesario.

On April 18, the Spaniards came to stay longer. Another boat asrrived, forcing residents to flee for their lives to the mountains. The loyalist soldiers took Tuburan and quartered themselves in the convent and church.

In Toledo

Claudio Bacus was less lucky. In the town of Toledo, he heard of pro-Spanish agitators led by capitan municipal Francisco Rodriguez, the former cuadrillo chief in force. In ensuing confrontation, he killed Rodriguez and his men.

Bacus then roamed the countryside, recruiting new members into the movement. One British couple, a certain Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, gave support to his group and allowed them to recruit among his farm laborers.

But an encounter with loyalist troops there left Bacus routed. He and 40 of his men were surrounded and massacred.

In Sudlon mountains

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/soldiers5.jpg


It was in Sudlon mountains west of the city that the katipuneros were finally able to regroup and consolidate their forces against the Spaniards.

That dawn of Good Friday in April 1898, Jacinto Pacaña, the wife of Candido Padilla and Eugenio Gines escaped from Labangon. The group went directly to Jacinto's farm in Barrio Bukawe, then transferred to another corn barn in Biasong where Pedro Abarca joined them. Gen. Montero had a P500 reward on the heads of each of the three.

Soon, they transferred to a cave but that too was discovered. They left for the wooded areas in Sudlon where they built trenches.

When the Tabal brothers (Rafael, Natalio, Quintin and Serafin) of Sudlon heard about them, they were invited to their place and offered a refuge. Jacinto was happy to accept Tabal's offer. He then persuaded his wife and children to leave for the foothills of Labangon and live there. The Spaniards were not noted for harming women and children.

The male members of group - Jacinto, his two sons Felipe and Dalmacio, a son-in-law, Eugenio Gines and Pedro Abarca - accompanied Tabal to mountains of Sudlon. From there, Jacinto got in touch with other revolutionaries, using trusted couriers.

Luis Flores was found in Arsobing mountains near Barrio Paril, while the Aliño brothers were at Bucatol, Talisay. Padilla remained at Buhisan hills six kilometers from the city proper. Addiction to opium prevented him from going up with the group. He was later captured and executed.

Flores arrived on the second week of May, followed by other leaders, among them Arcadio Maxilom. The latter had been hiding in the mountains of Anijao after the battle of Tuburan. On May 20, he left Anijao with his men and 12-year old son Emiliano and went to Sudlon to help reorganize the KKK. It was here that they plotted the second phase of the revolt.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat11.html

Final Victory

TO survive at Sudlon mountains, the revolutionaries now led by Luis Flores and Arcadio Maxilom had to have food. At first, the produce of the Tabal brothers, Jacinto Pacaña and Ciriaco Genia from their farms were sufficient. But that would last only for two months. There had to be other sources.

One source was the cedula. An imitation of the Spanish system, the katipunan cedula charged lesser. Possessing it meant that one was either a member or a sypampathizer. The task of collecting fees for the cedula was given to Anastacio Rama, having previously served as an employee of the public treasury.

Besides the cedula, sypathizers contributed cash, food, clothing and medicines. As the movement gained ground and turned against the Spaniards, the middle classes from the city also started contributing to the coffers of the katipunan. Philippine flag

Another element katipuneros felt they needed was the Philippine flag, the symbol of their nationhood. According to one source, Manila's KKK had spelled out the exact measurements and design of the flag in their regular letters to Cebu katipuneros.

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/flag.jpg

Ambrocio Peña, known by the leaders as a secret follower of the movement, was then ordered to produce it. He in turn contacted three women - Mauricia Gahuman, Buena Ricardo and Justina Peña - to make the flag. Weeks later, a courier from Punta Princesa delivered it to Sudlon where it was raised near their headquarters.

Immediately after its arrival, some 300 katipuneros took their oath in front of it. All those who came to Sudlon would also take their oaths administered by Flores and other top officers. Those who could not come to Sudlon took the same oath before their officers, swearing their commitment to the struggle for independence.

Sudlon battles

One reason why the Spaniards could not penetrate Sudlon was its strategic location. Although no higher than 1,000 meters above sea level, it is located deep in the interior of the island, was forested and surrounded by steep gorges. Later attempts by the enemy troops to attack it failed because katipunan guerillas used the terrain to their advantage.

As soon as they arrived in the area, Flores immediately ordered work on its defense. Trenches were dug at strategic points, and piles of stones prepared to be rolled down in case of enemy attack. This was going to be tested soon.

On May 28, loyalists troops tried to climb the narrow passages guarded by the katipuneros led by Rafael Tabal at Bitlang hill. But the attackers could not reach the top of the before they were repulsed. Their guns were not of much use. Twelve loyalist soldiers were slain, while the katipuneros had nine casualties.

A few days later, the loyalists again planned to pass through another route at Ginkiutan hill. This time, the katipuneros were led by the Tuburan veteran Arcadio Maxilom. As in the first attack, the enemy troops were only frustrated. After this, Maxilom was promoted from captain to major.

In Talamban, Lorenzo Eje and Alejo Miñoza trapped the Spaniards in the forested areas, surrounded them and engaged them in a bloody hand-to-hand fighting with macheteros, outnumbering attackers. The Spanish cavalry retreated in disarray. One historian said about 70 loyalists lost their lives, while katipuneros had 10 wounded and six dead.

But in Liloan with the katipuneros under the command of Enrique Lorega, they were not as successful. They used the same tactics as in Talamban, using machetes and utilizing trees for hiding themselves. However, Spaniards learned their lesson. As a result, casualties were almost even on both sides. But the chief of the voluntarios of Liloan was slain, while one of their officers was captured.

Reversals

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/soldiers7.jpg

It was not all victory for the reinvigorated katipuneros. In Minglanilla on September 28, 1898, the katipuneros encountered a large band of cazadores led by Ramon Villordon. Although they fought bravely, each side had a dozen casualties and scores were wounded.

In El Pardo (presently Pardo), the katipuneros had long wanted to attack the cazadores stationed in the parish. One Sunday in September 1898, Rafael Tabal led a few katipuneros against the group, expecting them to be unprepared. A bloody encounter followed.

But Tabal was not aware of a another group of cazadores coming from Minglanilla who had heard of the shooting. With the latter coming in, the battle turned against Tabal and the katipuneros, resulting in several dead and wounded. Tabal himself was killed. In Bogo and San Fernando, the KKK also lost their battles in November 1898.

But the katipunero general who had a big impact on the tide of events was Arcadio Maxilom. Given a contingent of some 300 soldiers and having Brig. Gen. Hilario Aliño, Col. Fermin Aliño and Col. Emilio Verdeflor as his adjutants, he scoured the mountains of Cebu from Aug. 28 to Sept. 4, establishing bases and offering protection against lawless elements, promising swift justice in case they served as spies for the government. Residents who attempted to take advantage of the abnormal situation were warned.

With a solid guerilla front up in the hills, Maxilom was ready to take on the towns and the city of Cebu.

The tide turns

The Spaniards at this late in the year were now under pressure from several quarters. The entry of the United States at the height of the revolution in May 1898, coupled with Aguinaldo's return from Hongkong to resume the struggle, only made matters desperate for the Spaniards.

By August 13, 1898, the Spaniards surrendered Manila to the Americans even if its forces in the provinces outside the capital fell to the revolutionary forces one after another. Tayabas, the last one to surrender, fell to Miguel Malvar's troops on August 17.

Here in Cebu, preparations were under way for the eventual evacuation of the Spaniards. They had lost their will to fight, letting the voluntarios locales and cazadores do the fighting for them in the towns surrounding Cebu.

In Mandaue they tried to hold their ground, but the forces under Lorenzo Eje and Anastacio Engayo, who had established their base in Tigib, a mountainous area, was threatening to overwhelm them and, subsequently, the city.

By December 8, the two leaders decided to attack the poblacion. They were met by local volunteers led by Cesario Mendoza, the capitan municipal of Mandaue. The fight did not last long. The voluntarios were routed by the katipuneros. Seven of them were captured, brought to Sudlon and tried for treason under the military tribunal headed by Maxilom.

Earlier, in Talisay on the 10th of November, the katipuneros had occupied the town without firing a shot. The Spaniards and their muslim volunteers occupying the town decided not to fight against the overwhelming number of katipuneros under Maxilom.

Instead of meeting rifles pointed at them, the katipuneros were welcomed by a joyous population. It was only seven months earlier that a small band of katipuneros under the Aliño brothers had overwhelmed the guardia civil detachment in barrio San Isidro.

Preparing to leave

As early as October, the Spaniards in the city had "seen the writing on the wall." One of the first to leave were the Spanish priests under the Agustinian and Recollect orders. They left in October and November of that year.

Still not all the priests fled. Among those left behind was Bishop Martin Alcocer who tried to brook the relationship between the revolutionary forces and the Spanish troops. When Maxilom started to occupy El Pardo, some residents who had heard all sorts of stories about the katipuneros pleaded with Alcocer to intercede with the revoltuionaries. They knew the presidente of the provisional revolutionary government Luis Flores was once a protege of Alcocer.

Here Alcocer tapped the services of Manuel Velez, a scion of the respected Velez family of Cebu. His arrival in Sudlon was eyed with suspicion. So they had him hostage in Sudlon while Maxilom and Flores sent a delegation to Cebu to confirm the situation. They released Velez when they learned the truth about the situation in Cebu.

In the meantime, the Spaniards had began their strategic retreat from the towns. Detachments in the towns of Barili and Carcar were disbanded and recalled. Voluntarios from San Nicolas were withdrawn to the Recoleto barracks.

Then sometime in December, the guardia civil and local volunteers were disarmed, leaving only the muslims and the soldiers of the 73rd regiment with arms.

Katipunan occupation of Cebu

Also that December, Flores called for a conference in Sudlon regarding the plans to establish revolutionary governments in the different towns, following directives from Aguinaldo. The report was received with enthusiasm. They would begin at once.

As for the Spaniards at the fort, some katipuneros wanted to besiege them if not for cooler heads who prevailed. More blood-letting was not necessary, they were told.

First to be organized was the Mabolo-Talamban government in Mabolo. Stories earlier circulated by the loyalists had created an atmosphere of fear among residents, because when the katipuneros arrived, the town of Mabolo was empty. They discovered that the residents had gone out to sea in their bancas, including capitan municipal Ceferino Borces. They were persuaded to come to shore only after their leaders were convinced of the sincerity of the katipuneros.

That very day, an election of officers were held after they were told of the directive of Aguinaldo. Elected presidente municipal (town mayor) was Celedonio Mina, an ex-capitan. Short acceptance speehes followed, then the residents were instructed how to defend themselves in case of an attack by the Spaniards. A platoon of katipuneros was left to defend Mabolo.

On December 16, about 50 soldiers under Col. Ravago threatened to attack Mabolo. Eje and Engayo took up positions at the bridge, ready to fight. But the loyalist officers instead came across the bridge and talked peace with Eje and Engayo. Both told the Spaniards that the katipuneros will fight back if attacked and that they had enough men and firepower to defend themselves.

After the organization of Mabolo government came Mandaue. Election was also held there. Practically the same persons who held the former town council under the Spanish regime were elected, except that the names of their positions had changed.

The next followed Consolacion, Liloan and Opon. Cordoba likewise organized its own junta popular. From Dec. 18 to 23, Emilio Verdeflor starting organizing the town juntas of Toledo, Balamban, Asturias and Tuburan. All these took place while the Spaniards were still holed up in the city.

While Eje and Engayo were organizing municipal juntas in the north of the city, Maxilom and his army of revolutionaries from Sudlon were preparing to occupy El Pardo in the south. It was a large force with the contigents under Eugenio Gines, Alejo Miñoza and Nicolas Godines under the overall leadership of Maxilom. Their mission: to force the spaniards to surrender El Pardo. If they refused, they would take the town by force.

Fortunately, the Spaniards saw no reason to defend El Pardo. The negotiations to end the Philippine-American war had started, and the Treaty of Paris annexing the Philippines to the US had been signed in Dec 10, 1898, although no formal order was received yet. So Montero ordered a retreat to the Recoleto barracks in the city. As in Talisay earlier, the katipuneros entered El PArdo without firing a shot.

The revolutionaries then occupied the church and convent, raising the Philippine flag there in simple but memorable rites.

After that, Flores appointed Maxilom as "gobernador interno" of Cebu province for as long as the Spanish government was still in the city. Two days later, KKK military officers and the junta popular confirmed Maxilom's appointment and also named him as general-in-chief of the city. El Pardo was designated the temporary capital of the province.

That very day, Maxilom sent a formal communication to the Spanish government and and other foreign consuls that a revolutionary government was installed in Cebu with its center in Pardo. Maxilom also demanded that the Spaniards surrender.

The Spaniards hastily answered Maxilom's letter, asking that they be given two to three days because they would be leaving the province soon.

Spaniards leave

By the morning of December 24, most of the Spaniards were ready to leave. A company of government soldiers stationed themselves at the plaza as some pro-spanish Cebuanos also stood nearby. At sound of trumpet, the Spanish flag was lowered. Spanish officers nearby tore the flag into pieces in their anger and frustration. Some Spanish and Cebuano women cried because it was their last moment in Cebu.

By mid-morning, Spanish soldiers and civilians and Filipio loyalist soldiers started boarding the boats with their belongings. With them were the muslim volunteers. By noon, Montero also boarded boat and the ships were soon on their way to Zamboanga.

Only three spaniards were left in Cebu: Bishop Martin Alcocer, Fray Lorenzo Perez of the San Carlos Seminary and Fr. Pedro Julia. The convoy of ships was still between Ermita and Kawit island when the Filipino flag was raised in Fort San Pedro.

Christmas in 1898

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/san-pedro6.jpg

In their entire lives, the Christmas of 1898 was decidedly the most memorable day for Cebuanos. The revolutionaries roamed around its streets unperturbed, free at last to visit friends and relvatives. The fort became an instant tourist attraction.

The day before, the last batch of prisoners were released, including Pedro Cui, Julio Llorente, Pascual Antonio, Alejandro Valle, Florencio Camara and Isidro Guibelondo. Cebuanos flocked to fort and for the first time in their lives examined the dreaded prison cells.

By December 29, a thanksgiving mass was held at the Cebu cathedral officiated by Bishop Martin Alcocer, with the martial band of San Nicolas of which Justo Cabajar was a member. The cathedral overflowed with people. Joyous shouts of "Mabuhi ang katipunan!" and "Mabuhi ang Pilipinas!" broke intermittently with harmless shots from their rifles. At the end of the mass, the Te Deum was intoned in thanksgiving.

Priests, former government officials and employees, members of the Cebu's elite and heads of foreign business houses all came to greet Maxilom and Flores and the other leaders. They were now recognized as the new leaders.

Little did the lower-class katipuneros suspect that political power, which had eluded them for hundreds of years, would soon be seized from them by the local elite in legal maneuvers. All they wanted at that moment in their lives was to cherish the new-found freedom and independence from Spanish colonial yoke.

In a letter addressed to the new revolutionary government, Apolinario Mabini enjoined them to "pevent and repel all foreign invasion at whatever sacrifices." It was a portent of things to come. Cebu would enjoy at most two months of self-government before some of its leaders surrendered their sovereignty to the Americans in February 1899.

(To be continued)

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/kilat12.html

About the author Emil Justimbaste

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/pics/ebj.jpg

THE Author wrote this piece while still an Assistant News Editor of The Freeman, the oldest daily in Cebu City, Philippines. This coincided with the centennial celebration of the Philippine Independence in 1998. It was serialized in the paper for 12 consecutive days, culminating on June 12, that year.

The author wishes to thank the management and staff of the Cebuano Studies Center of the University of San Carlos, the source of books, monographs, typewritten accounts as well as Cebu's earliest newspapers where the first-hand accounts of participants in the 1898 Revolution appeared. These were mostly written in fluid Cebuano prose and poetry that were difficult to translate, as in the case of Enrique Maria de la Calzada.

Indeed, the temptation to use the original text was hard to resist. This explains why the accounts were detailed, and there is certainly no reason to doubt their accuracy. Since it was written for a newspaper, footnotes were out of the question. But these are kept in a safe place just in case there are questions about sources.

There is only one accurate source of Kilat's murder account - the person who witnessed the event. The political repercussions on local politics in Carcar are likewise depicted in several subsequent news accounts, but it would be another interesting research topic others might want to do.

The photos here are abundantly found in several sites in the internet. As for the paintings of Maxilom, the women flag makers and the Tres de Abril Assault, the author took pictures of them in an exhibit in 1898. These were done by Manuel Pañares, a Cebuano artist.

For this writeup, The Freeman among all the community newspapers in the country was awarded the "Best in Historical and Cultural Reporting" by the Philippine Press Institute and the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung the following year it saw print.


En Fin.

http://www.oocities.org/lkilat/author.html

nindot unta ni siya himuon as part of high school/college curriculum in social studies or social science labi na sa atong kabataan to promote cultural and historical awareness and deepen their understanding that cebu is very important in the creation of the present day philippine republic. wala gyud intawon ko alamag ani when i was taking social studies sa pinas.

I was also thinkin of making a movie out of this. The material is so rich and it is really action packed with different sites and themes from San Nicolas to Sudlon Mts to Carcar to Mandaue to the seas off Cebu near Carbon to Fort San Pedro to the various churches to Labangon. Amazing. :cheers2: Bigfoot is quite capable of recreating these, I suppose...

Whatever happened to Josephine Bracken?

By Trizer D. Mansueto
Inquirer Visayas
10:53 pm | Friday, January 4th, 2013

JOSEPHINE and Vicente: A photo of the newlywed Josephine Bracken-Abad and Vicente Abad in Hong Kong. Photo from brackenjosephine.blogspot.com


CEBU CITY—Most Filipinos are familiar with Jose Rizal’s life because the national hero wrote voluminously about himself and his activities.

And not only did Rizal himself assiduously keep his writings but his family and associates also kept his works, probably already aware that he would someday be revered as a great figure in Philippine history.

It is unfortunate, though, that not much is known about his “dulce extranjera (sweet stranger),” Josephine Bracken. Besides, their brief love affair in Dapitan and the Rizal family’s dislike for Josephine was a mere footnote after his death.

Since she was not accepted by the Rizals, she hurriedly left Manila three days after Rizal’s execution and went to Cavite, where she nursed wounded Katipuneros.

Life of poverty

After her stint in Cavite, probably out of pity, Rizal’s elder brother, Paciano, gave her some money for a return ticket to Hong Kong, her land of birth. Due to poverty, she later petitioned for her share of her husband’s library, which was under the care of Jose Maria Basa.

Although Basa was sympathetic to Josephine, he could not grant what she desired due to the opposition of the Rizals and the absence of proof that she was legally married to the national hero.

Macario Ofilada, in his work on Josephine Bracken, said the woman dropped her claim, realizing its impossibility.

Resigned to fate, Josephine would have been completely forgotten had she not married a Philippine-born Spanish citizen in Hong Kong—Vicente Abad from Cebu.

It was said that Julio Llorente, a Cebuano and friend of Rizal during their student days in Spain, introduced Abad to Josephine.

Llorente wrote the letter of introduction to Rizal when Josephine arrived in Dapitan to accompany her adoptive father, George Taufer, for treatment.

‘Kababayan’

Being “kababayan” from Cebu, Abad must have been referred, too, by Llorente to Josephine to be her student in English. Abad, according to Ofilada, was in Hong Kong for business and needed to learn English. Having some facility in Spanish, Josephine thus became Abad’s English tutor.

Young and pretty, Abad easily fell for Josephine. After a brief courtship, the two got married in Hong Kong on Dec. 15, 1898. The new couple lived in Hong Kong for some months and came back to Manila in May 1899.

By the end of August or September 1899, the couple left Manila and settled in Cebu City. By then, the Americans had already placed the Cebu port area and its immediate environs under control while the rest of the city was still under the command of Cebuano insurgents.

Julio Llorente himself became Cebu governor under the Americans.

Due to the American presence, Cebu was exposed to the modern inventions of the time.

The late Cebuano writer DM Estabaya claimed that Vicente’s return to Cebu was fueled by his new venture—he was the first to open a store which sold or rented out bicycles. The Cebuanos caught the craze, which made the bicycle a hot item so that the business blossomed.

The Abad bicycle store was located on Magallanes and Burgos Streets, just a stone’s throw away from present-day Cebu City Hall and Basilica del Santo Niño.

While Abad was minding his bicycle store, Josephine also earned some money on the side. Their residence was not only a store but also doubled as a study center, where Josephine tutored some students.

To effect this, an advertisement was even placed in the newspaper El Pueblo in April 1900, which announced: “Josephine Bracken (sic) de Abad, Profesora de Lenguas living near Plaza Rizal, is giving lessons in English and German in her residence.”

It is said that the young Sergio Osmeña first learned to paddle a bike from Abad’s store and learned English at the same time from his wife, the former Josephine Bracken de Rizal.

At her second marriage, Josephine was said to have moved on and, according to Ofilada, “considered her life with the Rizals a thing of the past.”

Not much is known about her life while in Cebu but it must have been a happy one, being almost anonymous.

The Abads didn’t stay long in Cebu. They later returned to Hong Kong where Josephine died “poor and penniless”� on March 15, 1902.

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/335257/whatever-happened-to-josephine-bracken

https://fbcdn-sphotos-a-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-snc6/665229_10151083155861879_2136137670_o.jpg
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151083155861879&set=a.10150564483086879.369157.61592066878&type=1&theater

https://fbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/680573_10151111674151879_2146091460_o.jpg
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151111674151879&set=a.399306136878.181070.61592066878&type=1&theater
_____________________________________________________

Isn't that ark lovely.

Sa Sto Nino ni sa?

Update at the back of Emall..

http://img850.imageshack.us/img850/5438/dscn4780p.jpg

salamat sir adrian! :D

Update at the back of Emall..

http://img850.imageshack.us/img850/5438/dscn4780p.jpg

What's this?
Could you put a caption? Thanks.

^^ demolition sa Luzon Lumber cor Sanciangko and Leon Kilat Sts.

^^ Emall Phase 2B lol

^^ dili na siya madala ug renovate? kasayang...

^^ demolition sa Luzon Lumber cor Sanciangko and Leon Kilat Sts.

ka sayang pod

unsaon mana pag preserve ang karaan na kaayong mga kahoy nga gigamit sa ilang building construction. nindot kon concrete structures pa unta na from the start. para naku, its time for it to go kay firehazard lang siguro na kay dali ra kaayo na mosilab kon dagkutan.

unsaon mana pag preserve ang karaan na kaayong mga kahoy nga gigamit sa ilang building construction. nindot kon concrete structures pa unta na from the start. para naku, its time for it to go kay firehazard lang siguro na kay dali ra kaayo na mosilab kon dagkutan.

Naay example anang "restoration" sa dako nga balay, mora ug sa Luzon man siguro 'to! Gibungkag gyud, piyesa por piyesa ang balay. Unya gi-transport didto sa property sa nakapalit unya gi-reconstruct! Ambot kon faithful ba ang reconstruction, pero mao na ang gihimo nila.

Naa ko'y experience gamay anang preservation sa balay sa akong ugangan, lisud gyud ilabi na kon dubok na ang mga orihinal nga mga kahoy!

^^Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar. Jerry Acuzar buys the neglected houses, transports them piece-by-piece to his resort in Bagac, Bataan where it will be reconstructed.

Yes, timber houses can be challenging to restore. In the case of Balay-nga-Bato houses, some of the wood (e.g. Tugas/molave) used are endangered species which makes an authentic restoration all the more difficult.

unsaon mana pag preserve ang karaan na kaayong mga kahoy nga gigamit sa ilang building construction. nindot kon concrete structures pa unta na from the start. para naku, its time for it to go kay firehazard lang siguro na kay dali ra kaayo na mosilab kon dagkutan.

While concrete structures obviously have a comparative advantage, timber structures can also be restored or preserved. There are ways to fireproof them. It really depends on the willingness of the owners or the people of the place. If we are to demolish all old wooden houses because of their hazard, then practically we are going to erase all our heritage houses!

there's also an old house near CIM and Don Gil Garcia House being demolished...:ohno::ohno::ohno:

^^ yes, the house occupied by Jo's chicken. It's very sad that all of these went through completely off-radar to our heritage "promoters". Prolly too busy with the political tussle at Capitol.

^^ naa man gud sila sa mga prime lots mao moabot jud ang panahon nga mawagtang jud na sila :ohno:

my grandfather's ancestral home was restored but with a totally new material cuz like you said the wood were rotten and eaten by anay. ang nagpabilin nalang ang sahog nga tugas ug haligi nga mora ug haligi sa poste sa suga kay wala madugta. ang naka dindot kay ang haligi wala gyud sa corner so wala siya ma expose sa outside weather. maka tago2x gud mi sa gagmay pa mi. lol

^^ naa man gud sila sa mga prime lots mao moabot jud ang panahon nga mawagtang jud na sila :ohno:

If we are to give in to that line of thinking (relenting immediately to "modernization" without evaluating the value of the existing) probably wala na unta ang oldest house of the country (1730 Jesuit House) in Parian, or those American-era mansions along Ramos that are adaptively reused. And chances are we would be losing all those Carcar mansions along the highway. So no. I would say, it all depends the awareness of the owners and their willingness to preserve.

If we are to give in to that line of thinking (relenting immediately to "modernization" without evaluating the value of the existing) probably wala na unta ang oldest house of the country (1730 Jesuit House) in Parian, or those American-era mansions along Ramos that are adaptively reused. And chances are we would be losing all those Carcar mansions along the highway. So no. I would say, it all depends the awareness of the owners and their willingness to preserve.

mao jud....sayang kaau historical na ning balaya....ug wala sad tay mahimo kung ibaligya na sa gobyerno alang usab sa projects nga ibutang usab

^^ yes, the house occupied by Jo's chicken. It's very sad that all of these went through completely off-radar to our heritage "promoters". Prolly too busy with the political tussle at Capitol.
Nindot ra ba unta diha kan-an kay maayo kaayo ang chicken pagkaluto! Plus way samok!

reposting @cybercebu's find:

klaro ug prangka;

Why Cebu gets the title ‘Queen City of the South’

source: http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/opinion/columnist1/12433-why-cebu-gets-the-title-queen-city-of-the-south

reposting @cybercebu's find:

klaro ug prangka;

Why Cebu gets the title ‘Queen City of the South’

source: http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/opinion/columnist1/12433-why-cebu-gets-the-title-queen-city-of-the-south



copied fromyour attached link:

You see, Cebuanos insist on speaking in their native tongue to just about anyone, except foreigners, of course. If someone from the National Capital Region speaks to them in Tagalog, they would rather reply in English than speak Tagalog.

- The Manila Times.net, Friday, January 18, 2013 08:11:08 PM Philippines

Wa lagi ko khibaw nga daghan diay ko'g manghod, Daghan lagi'ng mga batan-on nga Cebuano motawag sa ako'g KUYA :) Kamanghuran man unta ko Cebuano pa dyud.

copied fromyour attached link:

You see, Cebuanos insist on speaking in their native tongue to just about anyone, except foreigners, of course. If someone from the National Capital Region speaks to them in Tagalog, they would rather reply in English than speak Tagalog.

- The Manila Times.net, Friday, January 18, 2013 08:11:08 PM Philippines

Wa lagi ko khibaw nga daghan diay ko'g manghod, Daghan lagi'ng mga batan-on nga Cebuano motawag sa ako'g KUYA :) Kamanghuran man unta ko Cebuano pa dyud.

Ang akong nahibaw-an nga manawag ug kuya kana ra man mga salesgirls sa department stores ug uban pang mga tindahan nga nang-hire ug dili taga Cebu.

Basin ug pirme lang pud ka didto sa mga balay nga magkidlap-kidlap ang suga; kuya ra ba kuno itawag nila sa mga lalake diha!:lol::lol::lol::lol::lol:

Ang akong nahibaw-an nga manawag ug kuya kana ra man mga salesgirls sa department stores ug uban pang mga tindahan nga nang-hire ug dili taga Cebu.

Basin ug pirme lang pud ka didto sa mga balay nga magkidlap-kidlap ang suga; kuya ra ba kuno itawag nila sa mga lalake diha!:lol::lol::lol::lol::lol:

Dili kuya oi, but KOHYA!! especially dinha sa IT Park Lolz! Seldom nlang pud ko makadungog kanang MANOY ug MANANG. Mahibong pud ko nganong masuko ang uban tawgon ug manoy ug manang.

to be safe tawaga na lang ug dong or day aron dili ka matamparosan anang manoy ug manang. ouch. lol

to be safe tawaga na lang ug dong or day aron dili ka matamparosan anang manoy ug manang. ouch. lol
"Miss" ug "Bay" nalang gyud pra casual lang.
Bitaw, seldom nlang ko makadungog i-address ug "manoy" ug "manang" ang mga maguwang.

"Miss" ug "Bay" nalang gyud pra casual lang.
Bitaw, seldom nlang ko makadungog i-address ug "manoy" ug "manang" ang mga maguwang.

Bitaw 'noy!:lol::lol::lol::lol::lol:

Ang akong nahibaw-an nga manawag ug kuya kana ra man mga salesgirls sa department stores ug uban pang mga tindahan nga nang-hire ug dili taga Cebu.

Basin ug pirme lang pud ka didto sa mga balay nga magkidlap-kidlap ang suga; kuya ra ba kuno itawag nila sa mga lalake diha!:lol::lol::lol::lol::lol:

SHHHHHHH wa'y labot nang kidlap kidlap, skyscrapper policy not allowed. Gawas pa human na'ng pasko, wa nay ga kidlap nga suga ron :angel1: - this is me

Is this already completed or available?

Cebu's History Book Nears Completion
By MARS W. MOSQUEDA JR.
March 9, 2012, 12:21am
TUBURAN, Cebu — After more than four years in the making, the 55-volume Definitive History of Cebu book, which features a historical account of Cebu and the province’s towns and cities, is finally nearing completion.

The manuscripts of the 55-volume Definitive History of Cebu is expected to be completed by the middle of this month after four years of rigorous work on the historical account of the province, from the pre-Hispanic period up to the present.

Governor Gwendolyn Garcia has already consulted with Cebu’s local chief executives during a Provincial Development Council meeting last Wednesday at the Capitol about said manuscripts before these are printed. http://mb.com.ph/node/353731/cebu

inviting everyone to join :colgate:

http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8378/8501888986_d6f05803b6_b.jpg

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151497338216878&set=a.10150642807591878.406718.358778346877&type=1&theater

dili naku makita ang pix. maybe its my pc. btw, i was looking for this thread? nabanhaw na. last week raman ang easter.

http://sphotos-e.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/625419_10151497338216878_1058417927_n.jpg
akong gipagawas :D

Pres. Sergio Osmeña Cadillac

https://fbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/62800_10200907747438535_549753447_n.jpg

Demolishing Fort San Pedro horror story
By Jobers Bersales
Cebu Daily News
First Posted 14:04:00 07/23/2009
Filed Under: history, Human Interest
http://globalnation.inquirer.net/ceb...o-horror-story

The Cebu Historical Society or CHS used to be a very active organization that often pitted its members against the modernizing tendencies of local government and church officials. I remember attending a forum it organized in the late 1980s---the topic of which I can no longer recall as my youthful memories fail me now---but that seemed to be the last time I heard of it.

And so it came as a welcome surprise when in the midst of inventorying the voluminous pre-war and post-war documents diligently kept by the late CHS member Jovito Abellana, I came upon copies of the corporate papers of CHS. Also accompanying them was a dazzling treasure of information albeit brief , penned by the late artist Julian Jumalon (famed for his butterfly garden and mosaics made of butterfly wings) regarding its successes---and a few letdowns---in the budding campaign to save historical structures in Cebu.

One of these was the late mayor Sergio Osmeña Jr.'s plan to demolish Fort San Pedro in order to build a new city hall on its premises. Let me quote directly from the CHS report: ?1957. Mayor Sergio Osmeña Jr. jolted the public with his announcement to demolish Fort San Pedro and erect on the spot a new City Hall. This started a movement against the demolition idea. Articles voicing opposition appeared in the local dailies and magazines here and at the capital?Finally, confronted by civic leaders and society heads at his City Hall office, he gave up his idea and said he will use instead the space behind the fort.

Apparently some people never learned from this experience and so Jumalon reports of two more important developments, this time horror stories that came true: the 1964 demolition of the old Recoletos Church and the 1967 demolition of the Little Flower School building owned by the Archdiocese of Cebu. Here are the details: ?1964. This year, the Recoletos Fathers decided to modernize by destroying the old Recoletos church. Unlike Osmeña, the Rector did away with public opinion and had the old church demolished hurriedly. This act spread a wave of regrets and shock but nothing could be done anymore.

Regarding the former Little Flower School building, Jumalon writes: ?The CHS failed to save the old Spanish house near the Cathedral church (Little Flower)?because Archbishop Rosales ?was interested in its demolition?? The demolition happened on April 11, 1967, the very day that the Cebu Archaeological Society held its very first meeting. This was the heyday of archaeology in Cebu City, a far cry from what we see today vis-à-vis the lootings at Plaza Independencia in 2007. Exactly thirty years before this, in 1967, the University of San Carlos was carrying out archaeological excavations on the streets of the old city. More importantly, then city mayor Carlos Cuizon was keenly interested in Cebu?s past, even accepting the position of vice-chair to USC president Fr. Rudolf Rahmann, SVD in the Cebu Archaeological Society.

This list of CHS successes amidst some horror stories make for an interesting proof of the colorful beginnings of the heritage movement in Cebu. Fortunately, a resurgence of this movement has been going on over the past five years under the leadership of Gov. Gwendolyn F. Garcia and the Provincial Tourism and Heritage Council. By ordering all cities and municipalities of the province to establish their own equivalent councils, Cebu is not only leading in tourism, it has also led in the nation?s desire to look back to the past and ensure that both tangible and intangible heritage are conserved for all to appreciate and to bequeath to the future.

"Miss" ug "Bay" nalang gyud pra casual lang.
Bitaw, seldom nlang ko makadungog i-address ug "manoy" ug "manang" ang mga maguwang.

mao pod na ako nahisgutan diri sa una...LOl ang driver sa habal habal nga maguwang pa kayo nakog nawong gihatod kos amo gikan IT park, perting ulboha sa akong kaspa ato kay gitawag kog kuya...ako jud siyang gikomedyahan pod og tawag og kuya... hingkatawa, ingon siya sorry naanad ko pagtrabaho nako sa manila...hahaha

Daghan na kayo mosunod2x ron sa mga new generation sa manila style.. di pareho sa amo time nga everything which is manila style, labi nag kabaduyan, anti kayong mga taw. we were so picky of new trends coming from up there.
Nausab na jud ang generation, modepende man pod gud na sa unsay uso, even to a point where we are already losing our own identity and culture.

Karon nagkapowerful ang bakya style. people just dont care what is fed unto them! and its not only exclusive in the Philippines, i think its an international phenomenon, its now the bakya, tasteless or shall i say The kitsch age...:D

Blame it to the mainstream media for not offering us variety in programming and in the arts and music. The industry is monopolizing on things that could easily be sold and don't take much effort to produce! Shallowness dominates because of this, and people are encouraged not to think deeply, to be less cynical and to be trusting to what is being offered. The manipulative marketing strategy is working, the lesser quality products sell and the politicians can hide their shit. its all about the money these days, and its taking deeper roots to our culture and society's collective psyche...

We dont want to choose anymore, consumerism + tastelessness give us the appetite to devour anything that is served :lol: