Ethiopia plans to build more power plants


Bloomberg.

ADDIS ABABA. Ethiopia may build as many as nine hydropower plants over the next 10 years, making electricity rather than coffee the Horn of Africa nation’s biggest export.

"There is a deficit around our neighbors," Mekuria Lemma, head of the programmeplanning department at the stateowned Ethiopian Electric Power Co., said on Thursday in an interview in the capital, Addis Ababa. "If we are successful in doing this, power will be our biggest export."

Ethiopia is building five hydropower dams by 2011 with a total generating capacity of 3,150 megawatts and is considering spending 3,2 billion euros (US$4,7 billion) on four more, Lemma said.

The aim is an 11fold increase in capacity to 9,000 megawatts by 2018 with surplus power exported to neighboring Kenya, Djibouti, and Sudan.

Gibe IV, the largest of the four new projects, would cost about 1,9 billion euros and generate 2 000 megawatts. A feasibility study for Gibe River dam in southern Ethiopia should be finished by the middle of the year, Lemma said.

Ethiopia is seeking finance for three of the four proposed projects while the UK and Irelandbased FairFund Foundation will help fund the 470 millioneuro Halele Worabese dam on a tributary of the Gibe. FairFund declined to disclose the size of the notforprofit organisation’s investment.

Italy’s Salini Costruttori SpA is building three of the five dams currently under construction, including the US$1,7 billion Gibe III, which will generate 1,870 megawatts, Lemma said.

Ethiopia has initial agreements to export 200 megawatts to Djibouti, 500 megawatts to Kenya and 200 megawatts to Sudan when the five dams under construction are completed. It will also consider a 26-kilometre undersea transmission line for exporting electricity to Yemen via Djibouti.

A feasibility study on theUS$196 million project to connect Ethiopia and Kenya with transmission lines should be finished within the next two months. Those lines may eventually link Ethiopia’s hydropower plants to the 12-nation Southern Africa Power Pool via Tanzania. — Bloomberg.


http://www.herald.co.zw/inside.aspx?sectid=29666&cat=8

That's FANTASTIC. Think big! Ethiopia has much hydropower potential, it's only second to the DRC. This can really reap a lot of benefits.

I heard recently that Sudan electricity grid have been connected with ethiopian one

I heard recently that Sudan electricity grid have been connected with ethiopian one
I think both Sudan and Djbouti are in the process of
connecting electric grids with Ethiopia and also fiber optics;

..Kenya and Ethiopia are still working on the deal but apparently
that is going to happen between them as well.
(If Im not mistaken).

Btw. Tekeze Hydro Power dam is almost 80% complete.
I posted the pictures here in this link (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showpost.php?p=17084935&postcount=335)

Nice, whats been Ethiopia's average gdp growth in the last 4 years? Whats predicted for 2007 and 2008? As the economy grows so does consumption, good first step that avoids energy rationing in the future.

Nice, whats been Ethiopia's average gdp growth in the last 4 years? Whats predicted for 2007 and 2008? As the economy grows so does consumption, good first step that avoids energy rationing in the future.

Ethiopia has an economic boom of 8% a year...
They have really done an amazing job...

http://www.afrol.com/articles/24658

The region needs all the power it can get. Especially Kenya with less potential for hydro-power than Ethiopia.:cheers:

It's awesome that they're making use of clean generating methods too.

EEPCo plans $13.1 bln power plants



By Groum Abate


The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo) has planned to construct 10 hydro power plants worth over 13.1 billion dollars, in the next 10 years.
Fan, with a capacity of generating 100 MW, Hallele-Werabessa 422-MW, Tekeze II 450-MW, Gibe IV 1900-MW, Genale III 258-MW, Genale IV 256-MW, Geba I & II 366-MW, Karadobi 1600-MW, Boarder 1200-MW, and Mendaya 2000-MW, are planned to be built or launched under the corporation’s 25 year master plan.
Furthermore the corporation has slated a capital of over 128 billion birr for construction of transmission lines.
According to EEPCo’s short to mid term power system expansion plan, the corporation is to construct power plants that could generate 8,552 MW.
20 percent of the construction of Gibe III is completed. At the Donor’s Meeting held for Gibe III on Thursday, March 13, the corporation announced that it requires an additional 997 million Euros. It now requested loans that amount to 646 million euros from the African Development Bank (AfDB) and European Investment Bank (EIB).
To fill the gap for the remainder 351 million Euros, EEPCo is hoping the Italian Government will observe pledges of 200 million euros made, but presently this is dependent on the current political situation in Italy.
The country’s largest hydropower project has been officially commenced at the end of January 2008 aiming to boost the nation’s current electric production by two fold when completed in eight years.
A project that could generate 1870 MW, Gibe III is also expected to generate 300 million euros annually. When completed Gibe would enter the East African power pool, where it would supply electric power for the Southern and Eastern African regions.
Mainly, power would be supplied to Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and other regions.
Gibe III, the third cascade on the Omo-Gibe river is currently the largest power project in the country.
The project, which will be finalized by the year 2011, would cost about 19 billion birr. Salini Costruttori is undertaking construction and installation work.
The country generates over 800 MW of electric power but has capacity to generate an astounding 45,000 MW with proper utilization.

http://www.capitalethiopia.com/archive/2008/march/week3/local_news.htm#1

I wonder what Egypt may think...?

i don't think these projects will affect the nile basin

Oh, yeah...wrong river system. :D

Ethiopia has incredible hydroelectric potential, no doubt. I wish for the best.

I wonder what Egypt may think...?

:bash:Screw Egypt, The Nile belongs to Ethiopia.

The projects are nice but who will pay for the debt this will bring. I'm not sure if you can make a profit by selling electricity to surrounding countries.



.

The Egyptians have blocked previous African Development bank money to Ethiopia to build damns. They also oppose independence for Southern Sudan because that would be another black nation controlling the Nile. They have said that they will use military action if necessary if flow is impeded!

Screw them!

Ethiopia faces Electric power crisis


Nairobi (HAN) April 6th, 2008- Last Year Ethiopia had an ambitious multibillion-dollar plan to provide all its citizens with electricity within eight years (2015), as well as to supply some power to three neighboring countries, Djibouti, Somalia and Sudan a top manager of the state-owned electricity company said.

Ethiopia can do so because it has a lot of potential to generate hydroelectric power, said Mihret Debebe, general manager of the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation. The country is the source of a branch of the Nile River called the Blue Nile, which is believed to have huge power-generating potential. The Blue Nile merges with the White Nile in Sudan to flow into Egypt as the Nile River.

But, today The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo) on Thursday announced that it had faced a critical power shortage. Briefing reporters about electric power generation, Mihret Debebe, general manager of EEPCo, said that as part of the ongoing fast economic development activity noted in the country many factories had been established, adding that this had increased local demand for more electric power rather previous target to supply electricity to Somalia, Djibouti and Sudan.

“Factories which consume high electric power such as cement, textile and foundries have been established. Many new factories are being built and they need more energy,” Mihret said. EEPCo has 1,396,000 customers, 40 percent of them in Addis Ababa. Ninety-five percent of the customers are households and the rest is the industrial and service sector. However, the industrial and service sector, which accounts for only five percent of the number of customers, consumes 69 percent of the electric power.

At the moment EEPCo’s maximum electric generating capacity is 814 MW, 80 percent hydro and 20 percent geothermal and thermal. However, because of various reasons, including water shortage, the corporation generates only 600 to 700 MW. Unable to meet the growing demand EEPCo is now forced to start power shading.

Mihret said that the power deficit, at the moment, is 80 MW. “We are not the only country that is facing power shortage. South Africa is in a serious power crisis. In India and even in the US there is a power shortage. If we were connected with our neighbors we could have imported 80 MW,” Mihret said.

The increasing demand for electric power, coupled with the failed belg rain had worsened the situation. A turbulent time, indeed, awaits EEPCo at least until the rains start in June. Even then it can hardly meet the ever increasing demand. “Because of the favorable investment climate more investments are being made. This creates new demand. And power plants can not be erected overnight. We are victims of our success. This is a temporary problem. And let us all work together to overcome the problem,” Mihret said.

EEPCo is undertaking massive hydro-power projects. Tekeze( 300MW), Gibe II (420 MW), Beles(460), Gibe III (1870) and Fincha Amenti Neshe (1000). It is also to construct a wind turbine farm which can generate 120 MW near Mekelle town.

The corporation plans to construct more than ten hydropower plants. It is also to build geothermal and wind power plants. The corporation needs 124 billion birr to realize the projects.

At the moment EEPCo is using diesel generators and because of the escalating price of oil in the global market the government is spending 100 million birr to subsidize thermal power production.

Tekeze seems the savior. Construction on the Tekeze hydro-power project is expected to be finalized in August this year. The project was delayed because of geological incidents that complicated the task.

Access to electricity stands at 22 percent and EEPCo plans to increase this figure to 50 percent in the next five years. The country plans to generate 6000 MW and to export the surplus power to Sudan Djibouti and Kenya.

Kaleyesus Bekele


:ohno:.....let's wait for August then. I highly doubt Tekeze will be done by then but we shall see.

No we shouldn't "screw" Egypt, theirs a reason why when all nations signed a deal that only Egypt could build a hydroelectric plant along the nile. Because the river is a life line for everybody, but this is especially the case in Egypt which is considerably arid with only 5 oasis in the other 80% of the country. If you limit the flow of water south of Nasser Lake you'll be screwing over 80 million people.

No we shouldn't "screw" Egypt, theirs a reason why when all nations signed a deal that only Egypt could build a hydroelectric plant along the nile. Because the river is a life line for everybody, but this is especially the case in Egypt which is considerably arid with only 5 oasis in the other 80% of the country. If you limit the flow of water south of Nasser Lake with another dam you'll be screwing over 80 million people.

Alex Roney, read the following articles to understand the Nile issue. The treaty was NOT between all nations. It was between Egypt and Britain. Nothing whatsoever to do with Ethiopia.


Nile restrictions anger Ethiopia
By Mike Thomson
BBC News

Looking out across the vastness of Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile, it is difficult to see why Ethiopia is known as a land plagued by horrific droughts.


Ethiopia says it needs resources to exploit the Blue Nile
Lake Tana is 112km (70 miles) wide and fed by more than 40 tributaries.

From its origin here in the Ethiopian Highlands, the Blue Nile flows hundreds of miles north into Sudan and then Egypt before eventually flowing into the Mediterranean.

Yet despite this apparent abundance of water about 2.5 million farmers, in this region of Ethiopia alone, depend on food aid to survive.

The Ethiopian government says this state of affairs continues because it has not been able to meaningfully exploit the massive natural resource which passes largely untapped through its territory.

This means the agriculture on which so much of the population depends is at the mercy of seasonal rains which are becoming increasingly erratic.

But Ethiopia's new determination to utilise the Blue Nile to lift itself out of poverty is likely to put it on a collision course with the country which currently makes most use of the water downstream - Egypt.


The further east you drive from Lake Tana the drier it gets. Once into the hills, green makes way for dull yellows and browns further neutered by clouds of dust.


Farmers like Mengistu (r) rely on rain to grow crops
Near the village of Zaha small children shepherd a collection of scrawny cows and goats towards a field of lifeless stubble. A group of men, clad in traditional head scarves and cloaks, crouch in the shade listlessly, flicking away the flies.

The meagre crops in the fields provide little evidence that this is harvest time. But within view of the parched fields a large tributary of the Nile sweeps past unconcerned.

Mengistu, a farmer, says that those in his village are finding it increasingly difficult to eke out even a basic livelihood.

"The main problem here is that we don't get enough rain. In fact, this is the source of all our problems," he says.

"Over the last four years our rains have not come as usual. Both the long and short rains have failed. Last May we got no proper rains. Yet this month is supposed to mark the start of the wet season. So we haven't been able to grow our crops."

"Even when the rains do come they don't last long. If the rains come too late or too early we are just planting in vain. We've had to rely on food aid. We've got nothing to eat."

Desert miracle

Many hundreds of miles downstream the very waters that passed by Ethiopia's drought-ravaged fields are used to grow fruit and vegetables in the heart of the Sinai desert.

A massive irrigation system spawns thousands of acres of fruit and vegetables at the Al-Hoda farm, one of Africa's largest organic farms. Most of the crops are bound for supermarkets in Britain and other European countries.

Any suggestion that this miracle in the desert comes at the expense of drought-plagued countries upstream gets an angry response.

The owner of the Al-Hoda Farm, Osama Kher Eldin, argues that Egypt has little or no rain and it could not survive if other nations began plundering the Nile's waters.

"If one wants to kill your kids, what you going to do? It means death for Egyptian people. We have no other sources. Only the Nile. So it is something untouchable," he says.

Egypt has not stopped at creating organic farms in the desert. It is also been using the Nile to grow whole new towns there.

In 1987 the land where Noubarya now stands was nothing but desert shrubs, but now it is a thriving urban oasis.

But even that is minor in comparison with the Egyptian government's latest major scheme, the Toshka Project, which uses the great river to irrigate a whole desert region.

Given the continent's acute shortage of water can all this be justified just to grow crops in the desert? Dia El Quosy, senior adviser to the Egyptian government's Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, says his country must act in this way.

"It's not only the production of food. It's also about the generation of employment. Some 40% of our manpower are farmers and if these people are not given opportunities and jobs they will immediately move to the cities and you can see how crowded Cairo is already."

Anger

Egypt's population has more than doubled since the 1960s. But Ethiopia is also facing similar demographic pressures. And Ethiopia's Prime Minister Meles Zenawi says the current division of water use along the river is anything but fair.


Irrigation projects have enabled Egypt to turn desert areas into productive land
"While Egypt is taking the Nile water to transform the Sahara Desert into something green, we in Ethiopia - who are the source of 85% of that water - are denied the possibility of using it to feed ourselves. And we are being forced to beg for food every year," he says.

Mr Meles says he is becoming increasingly angry at Egypt's long running objections to requests from other Nile basin nations to use the river's waters for major irrigation projects.

And he warns that his government, along with those of Kenya, Uganda Tanzania - who share the White Nile with Egypt - will no longer be intimidated by past threats, principally by the late President Anwar Sadat, to use force to maintain its grip on the Nile.

"I think it is an open secret that the Egyptians have troops that are specialised in jungle warfare. Egypt is not known for its jungles. So if these troops are trained in jungle warfare, they are probably trained to fight in the jungles of the East African countries," Mr Meles says.

"And from time to time Egyptian presidents have threatened countries with military action if they move. While I cannot completely discount the sabre-rattling I do not think it is a feasible option. If Egypt were to plan to stop Ethiopia from utilising the Nile waters it would have to occupy Ethiopia and no country on earth has done that in the past."

But one thing that does prevent Ethiopia from exploiting the Nile waters is a lack of money. Mr Meles blames this on Egypt's long-term opposition to any international funding of large scale irrigation projects on the Nile.

This allegation is denied by the Egyptian government which also insists that it is fully committed to implementing any agreement reached in current talks with its neighbours along the Nile.

Cairo
Egypt's growing population is heavily dependent on the Nile
However, the United Nation's World Food Programme says that with nine million Ethiopians in need of food aid and rains in the country becoming ever more unreliable, the talking should not go on too long.

Meles Zenawi, believes that the time for talking may already be over.

"The current regime cannot be sustained. It's being sustained because of the diplomatic clout of Egypt. Now, there will come a time when the people of East Africa and Ethiopia will become too desperate to care about these diplomatic niceties. Then, they are going to act."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4232107.stm


Another article:


Ethiopia and Egypt dispute the Nile

Ethiopia believes it could irrigate parched lands with Nile water
A dispute is growing between Ethiopia and Egypt over access to the waters of the Nile.

Ethiopia, the source of the Blue Nile, wants to take more water from it - claiming it could wean itself off food aid if it could irrigate from the river.

However, a 1929 agreement between Egypt and Britain - the regional power at that time - gives Egypt most of the Nile's water, and Egypt has said it cannot afford to give up this claim because of the needs of its own booming population.

"We generate about 85% of the total Nile waters - we have not utilised this resource at all so far," Misfinta Genny, Ethiopia's deputy minister of water, told the BBC World Service's Assignment programme.

"The amount we use so far is next to zero. So we must develop these resources, basically for the benefit of our people."

Mass irrigation

The waters of the Nile have for years preserved life and agriculture for the people of east Africa. The lack of rainfall in the region means that some countries rely almost entirely on the river for their annual supply.

But now rising populations, and the spread of the Sahara desert, have placed extra strain on what is available - increasing political tensions across the region.


Cairo's intense population density means Egypt needs new towns
Constantly failing rains in Ethiopia have made it impossible to grow virtually any crops, and Ethiopia's Ministry of Water Resources has grown increasingly frustrated by its inability to make use of the Nile's water.

It is estimated that irrigation schemes would help 30-40% of the population - around 15 to 20 million people.

But there have now been claims that Egypt is blocking donations from developed countries to Ethiopia to develop large-scale irrigation.

Some Ethiopians believe that because Egypt is almost totally dependent on the Nile's water, it is doing its best to block any large upstream irrigation project that might threaten its supply.

And Egypt is reported to have said it would regard any attempt to alter the Nile status as an act of war.

Desert land

The pressures on the river's waters are increasing in Egypt, too.

"It's not only for production of food - it is also for generation of employment," explained Dr Dia al Qazay, a senior adviser to country's Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation.



"The next war among countries will not be for oil or territorial borders, but only for the problem of water"
Dr Boutros Boutros Ghali

"Forty percent of our manpower is farmers. If these people are not given opportunities and jobs, they'll immediately move to the cities and urban centres. And you can see already how crowded Cairo is."

Dr al Qazay pointed out that Egyptians live on only 5% of the country's land, as the other 95% is desert.

"We want to relieve these major cities and urban centres from this heavy population density," he added.

As a result, one aspect of government policy has been to create new towns, linked to the Nile by canals, such as Nubia in the north - created entirely from scratch in 1987.

But creating new towns in the middle of the desert consumes large volumes of water.

Egypt's population has more than doubled since the 1960s, and is continuing to soar, putting an ever-increasing strain on the Nile.

Water war worries

Among those worried by the demands on the Nile is Dr Boutros Boutros Ghali, the former secretary-general of the United Nations.

Dr Boutros Ghali says a booming population needs more agricultural land to feed itself - and that countries belonging to the Nile basin need at least the same quantity of water.


Boutros Boutros Ghali has warned of "water wars" for over 20 years
"This is why the security of Egypt is related to the relationship between Egypt and Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and other African countries," he explained.

Dr Boutros Ghali accepts that satisfying Egypt's needs will mean less for these countries - which also have fast-growing populations, and want more water for large-scale irrigation themselves.

"Now, we have a real problem... we need an additional quantity of water, and we will not be able to have this additional quantity of water unless we find an agreement with the different upstream countries - which also need water, and have not used the Nile water until now," he added.

And he warned that a lack of agreement in the future would "certainly" result in "military confrontation between countries in the region".

"The next war among countries will not be for oil or territorial borders, but only for the problem of water," he said. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4274757.stm

No we shouldn't "screw" Egypt, theirs a reason why when all nations signed a deal that only Egypt could build a hydroelectric plant along the nile. Because the river is a life line for everybody, but this is especially the case in Egypt which is considerably arid with only 5 oasis in the other 80% of the country. If you limit the flow of water south of Nasser Lake with another dam you'll be screwing over 80 million people.

The current status quo screws a similar population in Ethiopia from unlocking their potential. The river deal was always incredibly lopsided, and has pretty much stopped development for a number of nations, not only Ethiopia, in favor for Egypt. It's ridiculous that the Ethiopians can't even use the water in their own country, ironic too since the areas that have the Blue Nile are also quite food-insecure.

I'm not saying cut off the Egyptians, but there needs to be some kind of deal that would support EVERYONE.

Yeah water rights are a contentious issue on the continent. Lets hope Egypt will be more fair to the upstream nations and solve this peacefully.



on another note- It looks like Tekeze Dam is entering its final stages:

http://img510.imageshack.us/img510/3686/frontuw3.jpg






apparently EPPCO (the company building the dam) will have to make adjustments that will cause extra millions and take a bit longer but it should be completed before the end of the year, if all goes well. :cheers:

Alex Roney, read the following articles to understand the Nile issue. The treaty was NOT between all nations. It was between Egypt and Britain. Nothing whatsoever to do with Ethiopia.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4232107.stm


Another article:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4274757.stm

Actually their was another agreement in 1959 between Egypt and Sudan.

The current status quo screws a similar population in Ethiopia from unlocking their potential. The river deal was always incredibly lopsided, and has pretty much stopped development for a number of nations, not only Ethiopia, in favor for Egypt. It's ridiculous that the Ethiopians can't even use the water in their own country, ironic too since the areas that have the Blue Nile are also quite food-insecure.

I'm not saying cut off the Egyptians, but there needs to be some kind of deal that would support EVERYONE.

I agree but people should realize that if Ethiopia develops hydro electric dams the ones who will be screwed are those up river not down. That was the whole basis of the Nile agreement before, since it would seriously screw up Egypt's water supply. I'm not saying the current status quo is ideal or good but just to say that we should scrap it without looking at the consequences is ill advise. Besides without foreign aid can Ethiopia even fund such a thing? The Aswan dam is one of the biggest in the world (largest when built) and its used to provide power and agricultural land for the ENTIRE Nile river in both upper and lower Egypt.

The agreement between Egypt and Sudan was actually just an agreement between colonial Anglo-Egypt and its other colony Sudan. It was basically an agreement between Egypt and itself lol.

nobody recognizes that agreement anymore...not even SUDAN. its not worth the paper its written on.


As far funding goes...let Ethiopia worry about that. There are plenty of sources
of funding including government borrowing from Ethiopian banks for the short term.



for the record: Egypt is the down-stream nation. The upstream nations are those where the Nile River originates which includes Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, DRCongo, Burundi, Rwanda, and of course Ethiopia. All of these nations have protested to Egypts blocking and unreasonable actions on Nile River developement.

Actually their was another agreement in 1959 between Egypt and Sudan.

Still has nothing to do with Ethiopia. No-one is saying that Egyptians should be sacrificed, but that's what Egypt expects other countries to do to their own citizens. MILLIONS of Ethiopians can have their lives transformed if they use the Nile, why should they be sacrificed?

A new treaty, with ALL nations in the Nile basin should be signed (I believe Sudan was under British control at that time anyway). It should make provisions for the appropriate use by all nations and secure Egypt's supply.
The current situation will result in war if that doesn't happen.

Second, Egypt has the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea right there. If all else fails, they can definitely start desalination plants. What other options do Ethiopia's farmers have?

The agreement between Egypt and Sudan was actually just an agreement between colonial Anglo-Egypt and its other colony Sudan. It was basically an agreement between Egypt and itself lol.

nobody recognizes that agreement anymore...not even SUDAN. its not worth the paper its written on.


As far funding goes...let Ethiopia worry about that. There are plenty of sources
of funding including government borrowing from Ethiopian banks for the short term.



for the record: Egypt is the down-stream nation. The upstream nations are those where the Nile River originates which includes Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, DRCongo, Burundi, Rwanda, and of course Ethiopia. All of these nations have protested to Egypts blocking and unreasonable actions on Nile River developement.

Incorrect, Sudan was an independent nation by 1956.

Yes they do.

I think funding is something that Ethiopia should worry about, but suggestions such as loans from Ethiopian banks doesn't at all seem plausible. The most likely scenario is loans from the IMF or U.S aid.

Your right here, I keep getting things like that mixed up, same goes goes for me confusing upper and lower Egypt.

Incorrect, Sudan was an independent nation by 1956.

Yes they do.

I think funding is something that Ethiopia should worry about, but suggestions such as loans from Ethiopian banks doesn't at all seem plausible. The most likely scenario is loans from the IMF or U.S aid.

Your right here, I keep getting things like that mixed up, same goes goes for me confusing upper and lower Egypt.

you are correct Sudan was independent but heavily influenced by Egypt still and it also has
been asking for a revision to present agreements on the nile.

no they do not.

Ethiopia has already borrowed from indigenous commercial banks to fund some of its dam/irrigation
construction developements. One of those dams is complete by the way.

My point with that is that many nations in the upstream want a fair and equitable resolution to this. I have no bias since I have family from Egypt and the Sudan as well as Ethiopian blood..but the agreement as it stands now is no where near fair. Egypt should def. rethink its position.

Nile Initiative to Generate More Power :cheers:




The Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action that comprises Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt under the Nile Basin Initiative is contemplating constructing two mutually beneficiary dams in Ethiopia. A study conducted by the UK- based company Scot Wilson in 2006/2007 proposed the construction of the dams in the Benishangul Regional State in Border, 20Km from the nearest Sudan border, and Mendia, an area close to the convergence point of River Abay and Dedessa in Ethiopia.



According to a study, the construction of these dams would commonly benefit the three countries and reduce Sudan’s flood vulnerability. Sudan would buy hydropower from Ethiopia.



Tefera Beyene, senior negotiator and Border Crossing Rivers Department head in the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), told Fortune that these projects, the first of their kind, are intended to benefit the three countries equally.



The 200mt concrete dam proposed to be installed in Mendia will have a capacity to generate 2,000mw of electricity, and will earn Ethiopia 450 million dollars. This project will also provide Sudanese hydropower generating stations with additional water that will help them earn 90 million dollars without the need for expansion.


The 90mt long concrete dam in Border, which would generate 1,200mw of power, is expected to fetch 300 million dollars for Ethiopia while Sudan gains 67 million dollars, according to the study.



Michael Abebe, Dam and Hydropower Design department head at the MoWR, told Fortune that the project would also benefit Egypt as it will help it utilize more renewable energy, which would reduce carbon emission from its diesel generation.


The pre-feasibility study of this project, which is projected to cost 4 billion Br, has now been completed, and detailed studies are now expected to be carried out.



“We are trying to find financiers for the project,” said Tefera.


The NBI was established in February 1999 among the riparian countries: Ethiopia, Sudan, Egypt, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. Eritrea is an observer.

Greetings from Ethiopia:banana:

I have no problems with Egypt using the nile river but the monopolizing of water while some of my people are starving is unnaceptable. This would be the only war that I'd fight in.:bash: What is more important then water and what is more absurd then another country taking your water while your dying of thurst.:ohno:

You need to take lots of pictures and post them African Lion!!!

The colonial agreement really has NO basis on international law since Uganda etc were not independent. If the Egyptians took this to the International Court they wouldnt have a chance in having it upheld.

Go Ethiopia!

Double post

Greetings from Ethiopia:banana:



Give us 1000 pictures!

Greetings from Ethiopia:banana:

I have no problems with Egypt using the nile river but the monopolizing of water while some of my people are starving is unnaceptable. This would be the only war that I'd fight in.:bash: What is more important then water and what is more absurd then another country taking your water while your dying of thurst.:ohno:

Enjoy your stay in Ethiopia. Can't wait to come to Addis Ababa one day. I agree with you 100%, you have every right to fight for the Nile. The Egyptians should come to their senses and seek a more equatable agreement on how to utilize the Nile for the benefit of all nations.

Ethiopia: Iceland Helps to Explore Geothermal Power


Addis Fortune (Addis Ababa)

22 April 2008
Posted to the web 22 April 2008

Endale Assefa
Addis Ababa

Following the signing of a bilateral relation agreement between Ethiopia and Iceland on January 2008 to explore geothermal power potential in the rift valley region, a team of experts from Reykjavik are to engage in a bilateral geothermal survey.

It would be too early to talk about the project cost, said Sendeku Araya, public relations division Head at the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporations (EEPCo).


"Ethiopia has an estimated potential of 1000mw of power from geothermal energy located in the rift region," ambassador Svavar Gestsson, especial envoy to the ministry of foreign affairs, told Fortune. He said the exact potential would be known after the actual study is conducted.

The preliminary agreement between Ethiopia and Iceland is expected to be reached in a month time, according to the ambassador.

Iceland's Minister for Industry, Energy and Tourism Osur Scarper Dinson (PhD) visited Prime Minister Meles Zenawi on April 11, 2008 and agreed on the technical support that Ethiopia could get from the geothermal energy production.

The feasibility study has to be carried out first, though a prior study conducted by Ethiopian Geological Survey hinted that geothermal possibilities have already been detected in Afar, in the Fentale and Aluto Langano areas of the rift region.

"If the project starts as scheduled, it would be completed in three years as the country is using fast-track approach," Alemayehu Tegenu minister of Mines and Energy (MoME) told Fortune.

The fast-track approach is extending the working hours to 24 a day from the normal eight hours of operation.

The experts coming from Iceland will give technical assistance to Ethiopia, including maintenance of obsolete drilling plants at EGS, according to Alemayehu Tegenu.

Iceland is also searching for geothermal sources in Djibouti, where the feasibility was completed with the whole project expected to be ended by 2011. The potential there was discovered to be 50 mw.

Iceland, which has many years of experience using geothermal energy, gets about 27pc of its power from geothermal sources, which is renewable, clean and environment friendly, according to energy experts.

The project will be executed by the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO) with the support of the Ethiopian Geological Survey (EGS), which is equipped with drilling plants.

Geothermal drilling requires digging three kilometres down.

Ethiopia has the largest portion of the rift system that stretches 1500kms, and the potential of geothermal power is expected to be even more than previously thought, according to the minister.


The current utilization of geothermal energy in the country is around 17mw.

The government of the United Nations and government of Iceland recently trained twenty three Ethiopian engineers for six months in Iceland, covering most aspects of geothermal exploration and sustainable development.

Iceland is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of geothermal energy use. Iceland generates nearly all of its electricity from renewable sources: about 73pc from hydropower and virtually the remainder from geothermal power. Geothermal sources are also used to heat 87pc of the households in Iceland.


---------------------

I'm sure there's a lot of potential, especially around Dalol in the North East. I have to say, even though we may not have the government we want, you can't deny that they have made a lot of efforts in terms of building the infrastructure; more than any other previous government in Ethiopia, IMO. It still doesn't negate its massive failures though :ohno:

Another project


Reliance Power to enter global scene with projects in Ethiopia

African nation to supply gas to projects set up by Indian co, which will generate electricity in return for a fee, or toll
Utpal Bhaskar


Mumbai: Reliance Power Ltd (RPL), part of the Reliance-Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group (R-Adag), plans to build power plants in Ethiopia through a deal with the local government as part of its effort to grow its presence outside India.
The deal is a so-called tolling arrangement, where the Ethiopian government will supply gas to power projects set up by RPL, which will generate electricity for the government in return for a fee (or toll). If the deal goes through, it will mark RPL’s first entry into the power generation business outside India.
“We have been invited by the Ethiopian government to set up gas-based power projects there. We are working on the proposal,” said an RPL executive, who did not wish to be identified.
Quid pro quo:India’s biggest power generator NTPC has a similar deal with the Nigerian government.

Ethiopia has one of the worst records in terms of access to electricity. Less than half its urban population, and only around 1% of its rural population has access to power.
RPL could also consider building plants for the Ethiopian government in return for gas that it can use to fuel its plants elsewhere. Natural gas is an in-demand fuel all over the world. India’s largest power generation firm NTPC Ltd has a similar deal with the Nigerian government.
“A lot of companies are looking overseas for securing gas supplies. This is an attempt by RPL for supply diversification and risk mitigation,” said Anish De, chief executive officer at Mercados Asia, an energy consulting firm.
RPL has plans to set up power projects having a total capacity of 28,200MW in India that may involve an investment of Rs1.10 trillion. Of this, at least one-third, or 10,280MW, will have to use gas as a fuel.
However, the commissioning of this entire capacity is based on an ongoing court case between Reliance Natural Resources Ltd (RNRL), an R-Adag firm, and Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL), a company controlled by Anil Ambani’s estranged elder brother Mukesh Ambani. At stake is the price at which RNRL, which negotiates fuel supply contracts for its and RPL’s associate Reliance Energy Ltd (REL), will get gas from RIL.
India needs around 180 million standard cubic metres of gas per day (mscmd), of which it imports 99mscmd.
RPL has also crossed one hurdle (or pre-qualified) in its bid to build an integrated power and water desalination project in Bahrain.
“In Bahrain, we have pre-qualified for setting up a 1,200MW and a 60 million litres per day of water desalination project, the price bids for which will open on 4 June. The project may require an investment of $1 billion (about Rs4,000 crore),” said the RPL executive. RPL is competing with firms from the UK, Japan, Korea, Belgium, Singapore and Malaysia for this project.
Tolling is emerging as a preferred way to do business both in India and elsewhere.
An arrangement similar to the one RPL is considering with the Ethiopian government has also been worked out by power trading firm PTC India Ltd and Hyderabad-based generation firms Simhapuri Energy Pvt. Ltd and Meenakshi Energy Pvt. Ltd for coal-based generation, as reported by Mint on 9 February.

Second Dam for Lake Tana



The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) is to commence the construction of the second of the five dams it intends to construct in the surroundings of Lake Tana, in Bahir Dar town of the Amhara Regional State, 563Km north of Addis Abeba. Named Megech, this dam is projected to cost 1.3 billion Br.



Under design by Tahal Consult, an Israeli company, the construction of the dam will be carried out by the state owned Water Works Construction Enterprise (WWCE). The Israeli company has also conducted a feasibility study for the construction of Sibilu and Gerbi Dams behind Mount Entoto in Fiche.



The construction of the first dam - River Rib Dam - was launched early this year while camp constructions have been made in preparation for the launch of the second dam, Bekele Gadissa, general manager of WWCE, told Fortune.



The multi-purpose dams are aimed at controlling the floods that often break out of Lake Tana, in addition to benefiting down stream residents by making water available for irrigation, as well as for drinking. These dams are estimated to be able to water 60,000hct to 80,000hct of land, and would transform the cultivation of land by the local farmers into high value crops.



If Beles Hydroelectric Project uses too much water from Lake Tana, especially during winter, the dams would refill the lake. There is also a plan to provide water for the town of Gondar, as the dam that now serves as the water reservoir of the town has been filled with silt.



The construction of Lake Tana’s second dam would be one of the main activities of the ministry in 2008/2009, Asfaw Dingamo, minister of MoWR, told Fortune.



Located in the highlands of Northern Ethiopia, Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile, one of the world’s largest rivers. Fed by five tributaries, the lake is considered as an attraction in Bahir Dar.



The cost of the dam construction would be borne by the World Bank and the Ethiopian government.

The World Bank announced, in June 2007, that its Board of Directors had approved a loan of 100 million dollars to Ethiopia. The loan is to be used to irrigate agricultural plantations on 20,000hct of land in the Megech and Ribb areas, located around Lake Tana.

Blue Nile
Main article: Blue Nile
The Blue Nile (Ge'ez ጥቁር ዓባይ Ṭiqūr ʿĀbbāy (Black Abay) to Ethiopians; Bahr al Azraq to Sudanese) springs from Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Highlands. The Blue Nile flows about 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) to Khartoum, where the Blue Nile and White Nile join to form the "Nile proper". 90% of the water and 96% of the transported sediment carried by the Nile[5] originates in Ethiopia, with 59% of the water from the Blue Nile alone (the rest being from the Tekezé, Atbarah, Sobat, and small tributaries). The erosion and transportation of silt only occurs during the Ethiopian rainy season in the summer, however, when rainfall is especially high on the Ethiopian Plateau; the rest of the year, the great rivers draining Ethiopia into the Nile (Sobat, Blue Nile, Tekezé, and Atbarah) flow weakly.

In other words, If Ethiopia shuts off the Blue nile... "Nile Proper" as we know it north of Khartoum would be considerably drier. Don't know what kind of economic use it would be with 60% of the water being unavailable. Would be terrible for Egypt. But then again, Ethiopia has a very large population as well.

I think a legitimate and valid agreement should be reached by atleast Egypt/Sudan/Ethiopia. So that future conflicts can be avoided.

Authority Plans Power Export to Kenya From Gibe II

Authorities at the state owned Ethiopia Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO) and Ministry of Mines and Energy (MoME) are contemplating exporting power to Kenya from Gilgel Gibe II Hydropower project. The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding on trade in power two years ago in Addis Abeba.



Although Ethiopia initially planned to supply 60Mw power from Gilgel Gibe III, the biggest hydropower plant under construction, the delay in undertaking the project has compelled executives of the government to look for a plausible option.



Ethiopian authorities are, therefore, considering implementing the proposal of a study to relinquish their plans to export power from Gibe III, shifting instead to the 90pc completed Gilgel GibeII, which is projected to generate 420Mw.


Construction of the power plant commenced a year ago on the Omo River, in the Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Regional State. It is the closest power station to the neighboring Kenya.

Plans include a 270m high dam that will hold 14.7 million cubic metres of water. It will be the first dam in the country to contain 10 turbine units, and five kilometers of tunnels. Each unit is expected to generate 187Mw of electric power, equivalent to Gilgel Gibe I output so far.



The project also involves the extension of 550Km of transmission line from the generation plant to Welayta, for the supply of power to Kenya and from Welayta to Kaliti and Mega substations, which would cost an additional two billion Br above the 15 billion Br project cost.


A performance report by MoME, to be presented to Parliament this Tuesday, states that a survey is being carried out on how a transmission line could reach Welayta from the far post in Oromia’s Gibe II, instead of from Gibe III. According to the performance report, the power supply to Kenya will commence at the end of 2009.



Though the authorities at the EEPCO declined to comment, it is unlikely to complete the Gibe III project within the scheduled time in order to export from it. Poor progress was hindered the finalization of the project, which was started a year ago. Only 23.8 percent development has taken place. Since July 2007 up to the present month, it has registered only a 68pc performance compared to the plans for the year.


The corporation had announced that the commissioning of Gibe III plant would take place in the year 2012.



“Currently, Kenyans are desperately looking for power supply. They are using even the price hiked benzene to cover the large deficit they have,” a regional power expert, who requested anonymity, told Fortune.


It did not matter from which station Ethiopia supplied power to Kenya, he stated.


A finance problem, which has hampered the Gibe III project has yet to yield a solution. Following criticism from environmentalists that the power project does not incorporate an environmental impact assessment finding, raising finances has been a daunting task for the corporation. The European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank (AfDB) have yet to grant their 1.7 billion Br pledges.



Meheret Debebe, general manager of EEPCO, blamed environmentalists and especially the local NGOs for not ensuring an environmental assessment of the Gibe III project before its implementation. He, however, admitted to the power shortage the country is facing this year.



I just don't get it, we plan to export power while our need for power grows at over 10% :ohno:

No we shouldn't "screw" Egypt, theirs a reason why when all nations signed a deal that only Egypt could build a hydroelectric plant along the nile. Because the river is a life line for everybody, but this is especially the case in Egypt which is considerably arid with only 5 oasis in the other 80% of the country. If you limit the flow of water south of Nasser Lake you'll be screwing over 80 million people.Egypt's fantasy that it and Sudan will have exclusive access to the Nile waters for all eternity is not going to work. The proper thing, and what's been done with other countries, is to allow Egypt and Sudan to continue using the per cent of the Nile waters that they currently use, which is about 50%, the rest is wasted. The upstream countries will then have access to the remainder. But Egypt won't even accept this, they insist that they and Sudan have exclusive use of the Nile waters (even the right to waste the water they don't use).

Also, we should note that Egypt and Sudan usually don't mind the upstream countries damning the river, they just don't want them using any of the water for irrigation or drinking, that's the issue.

As the Kenyans have said: war against one country is war against all and that's a war Egypt can't win. The Egyptians have their own internal security problems to contend with, which the upstream countries can intensify. They will have a political succession to manage. Egypt hasn't show that it can support prolonged troop deployments over distance; and much of Egypt's military hardware would not be very useful in Ethiopia. Also, the US believes Ethiopia has chemical weapons, so they can get nasty if they need to. :bash:

Egypt needs to accept reality: they will have to build desalination plants.

Ethiopia, Sudan OK with Proposed Dams; Egypt Deviates




Egypt differed with Ethiopia and Sudan over a study on the potentials of the Eastern Nile undertaken jointly by the UK and France based firms, Scot Wilson and EDF, respectively.



The draft paper was presented for discussion in February 2008, at Sheraton Addis, and a week ago, a public discussion was held on the draft report in London.



The study proposed the construction of dams in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State Border locality, a place 20Km from the nearest Sudan border, and Mendia, an area close to the convergence point of river Abay in the Oromia Regional State.



The 200-metre concrete dam, proposed to be installed in Mendia, will have a capacity to generate 2,000Mw of electricity; and will also provide Sudanese hydropower generating stations with additional water that will help them earn 90 million dollars without the need for expansion.



The 90-metre long concrete dam in Border, which would generate 1, 200Mw of power, is expected to fetch 300 million dollars for Ethiopia, while Sudan gains 67 million dollars from it, according to the study.



Minister of Water Resources (MoWR), Asfaw Dingamo, told Fortune that despite the huge cost of installing a long electric transmission line, Egypt would benefit from the hydropower to be generated from these dams. Constructing the dams in Ethiopian highlands, on the river that suffers a high level of evaporation as it flows across the Sudanese and Egyptian deserts, would benefit the three countries, he added.



10 billion cubic litres of water evaporates from the Nile while it flows through the desert. The proposed dams in Border and Mendia would save 2.5 to three billion cubic metres and five to six billion cubic metres of water, respectively, from being lost to evaporation.



Asfaw considers this good news for Egypt. But the Egyptian delegation that went to the London event did not share this view. The main concern the delegation forwarded at the occasion was the anticipated temporary lessening of the water volume reaching Egypt, until the two dams in the Ethiopia catch filled. Information obtained at the event indicates that the Egyptian delegation is not at ease with this matter.


Sudan, on the contrary, is happy to see the dams thriving because they will help reduce the frequent peril of flooding and stop the sediment disposal in its existing dams. The proposed dams will also facilitate conditions for Sudan to buy power from Ethiopia, beyond ensuring the sustainability of the former’s existing dams.


Sudan, thus expressed agreement on the study during the event, according to Asfaw.



In addition to hydropower potentials, the study also includes watershed and irrigation development potential particulars.



According to the paper, the implantation of the proposed works would also help reduce void erosion and land degradation in addition to developing over 1,000, 000 hectares of land in Ethiopia.


The Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action, which is part of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), has commissioned the undertaking of the study by the European consultant firms.



NBI was established in February 1999 by the Nile riparian countries – Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania, with Eritrea being an observer.

- - - -

:ohno: Egypt will always be in the way.
Ethiopia needs to do what it has to do to feed its people. The egyptian arrogance is unbelievable. They want to monopolize the nile while the ethiopia, the source of the nile goes starving. Most of that water is lost to evaporation and the mediatranean. What a shame and this news comes as we are expeiriancing a famine. I cant believe the ethiopian government still puts up with those evil egyptians.

from the source:
"According to the paper, the implantation of the proposed works would also help reduce void erosion and land degradation in addition to developing over 1,000, 000 hectares of land in Ethiopia"

This sounds like a great idea. The ethiopian government should build the dams. who the hell gave sudan and egypt the right to tell us what to do with our own rivers. We have a god given right to use them and no power but god should stop us.:bash:

Greetings from DJIBOUTI!
It is indeed not fair for Ethiopia not to be able to profit from its natural ressources, specially water when we know that the country often witnesses droughts and famine.
The interests of Egypt should also be taken into consideration but that doesn't have to happen at the expense of countries like Ethiopia. Countries sharing the river should address the issue and no one should monopolize the use of the Nile ressources.
If Egypt is blocking countries like Ethiopia to benefit from the Nile while it (Egypt) plans such daring projects such as the Toshka project, I find that attitude unacceptable.

Ethiopia has to somehow be compensated for the Nile waters and the soil that washes off from Ethiopia's mountains and accumulates in Sudan and Egypt.

Egypt must stop its involvement in bad things that are happening in Ethiopia. Stop financing rebel activities, stop being a save heaven for radical individuals, stop being a bully.

Both Sudan and Egypt must help, financially, and other means to help the people in the Blue Nile banks not depend on farming so much. Finance schools, industrial activities. This will have to be a permanent commitment. Additionally both these countries must pay a sum to Ethiopia, adjustable on current Market, on the amount of water and washed off soil they receive.

http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g6jaoFtYI9I6zFGZ8Y2JfWxF9bsw

ADDIS ABABA — Ethiopia said on Wednesday its national electricity company has signed contracts with three Chinese firms to develop hydro-electric projects and made preliminary accords for wind power projects.
The state Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) said at least six new dams would built as be part of a 12 billion-dollar plan over 25 years to improve the power network.
The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo) signed one accord with China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC) for the Genale Dawa 3 hydropower project in the south of the country.
EEPCo chief executive Mihret Debebe said this would cost 408 million dollars and would generate 254 megawatts of power, ENA reported.
A 110 metre (330 feet) high dam will be built on the Genale River, which will increase the current capacity of 860MW by 27 percent, Mihret said.
EEPCo also signed an accord with Sinohydro Corporation for the 555 million- dollar Chemoga Yeda hydropower project in Amhara state. Mihret said there would be five dams on five rivers, with the first phase to be ready in four years.
Preliminary accords were signed with the HydroChina Company to build wind power projects in the Adama and Mesobo Harena areas. The financing will come from the Chinese government.
Ethiopia suffers major power shortfalls as it cannot keep up with rising demand from homes and industry. Since the start of this year, Addis Ababa regularly has power cuts every two days

^^thanks unclefarm for the info, this is the way to go in Africa:cheers: go ethiopia :banana:

thats bad news for egypt

thats bad news for egypt
I don't think these rivers are connected to the Blue Nile.

But even if they are; Egypt has been using our waters without paying $1 while millions of our people are suffering because of electricity shortages. It's time to pay up (so we can develop alternative methods) or shut up:)

Ethiopia has to somehow be compensated for the Nile waters and the soil that washes off from Ethiopia's mountains and accumulates in Sudan and Egypt.

Egypt must stop its involvement in bad things that are happening in Ethiopia. Stop financing rebel activities, stop being a save heaven for radical individuals, stop being a bully.

Both Sudan and Egypt must help, financially, and other means to help the people in the Blue Nile banks not depend on farming so much. Finance schools, industrial activities. This will have to be a permanent commitment. Additionally both these countries must pay a sum to Ethiopia, adjustable on current Market, on the amount of water and washed off soil they receive.

Ethiopia has the right to use the Nile waters, however, it too should stop bulling neighboring countries. What goes around, comes around...

And how exactly has Ethiopia bullied anyone over the Nile? Please educate me :|

And how exactly has Ethiopia bullied anyone over the Nile? Please educate me :|

And how exactly did i say Ethiopia bullied anyone over the Nile? You always jump to conclusion without reading carefully.

You had conflicts with Eritrea and Somalia in the past, and now Egypt and Sudan. How many more do you need?

And how exactly did i say Ethiopia bullied anyone over the Nile? You always jump to conclusion without reading carefully.

You had conflicts with Eritrea and Somalia in the past, and now Egypt and Sudan. How many more do you need?

You are mixing up different issues here.
Ethiopian affairs regarding the history and current use of the nile, is different from Somalia's and Eritrea's problem with Ethiopia.
1. Nile: Ethiopia is a major source of the nile ( about 85 % of the Nile water is from Ethiopia), yet Ethiopia has not been able to use its own resources due to a document signed between the colonial powers and their colonies, which has NOTHING to do with Ethiopia.
So, the nile issue isn't something that started today, it has been a problem for a while.
2. Eritrea/somalia: Somalia's problem are a bit complex, but the bottom line is a portion of the ethnic Somalis living inside Ethiopia want to be independent ( nothing to do with the Nile, BTW).
Eritrea, is like a little kid that needs attention, the only thing they want is mutual destruction. They claim a tiny portion our northern Tigray zone belongs to them. Weather this place is theirs or not is not even the main interest, for them it is the sheer delight to engage in a war against a former "colonizer" ( that would be us, Ethiopia, :bash:).
So, lets not mix the different Geo-political problems Ethiopia faces in this troubled neighborhood.
BTW, Ethiopia does not bully Eritrea, there is a stand still at our borders, kind of like Africa's version of the cold war :)

And how exactly did i say Ethiopia bullied anyone over the Nile? You always jump to conclusion without reading carefully.

You had conflicts with Eritrea and Somalia in the past, and now Egypt and Sudan. How many more do you need?

Please reread what you wrote. Didn't you say

Ethiopia has the right to use the Nile waters, however, it too should stop bulling neighboring countries. What goes around, comes around...

And Somalia and Egypt? What does that have to do with the price of tea in China?

Please reread what you wrote. Didn't you say



And Somalia and Egypt? What does that have to do with the price of tea in China?
You didn't understand my point. Engelfam, however understood it well.

lets just leave it there.

And how exactly did i say Ethiopia bullied anyone over the Nile? You always jump to conclusion without reading carefully.

You had conflicts with Eritrea and Somalia in the past, and now Egypt and Sudan. How many more do you need?

Well in fact you have a point in relating the unrelated and I can understand how terrifying it is for you to see Ethiopia rising above the symptom(Eritrea and Somalia) and now dealing with the cause of all the symptoms(hydro politics)..why don't you look for other source of support to bleed Ethiopia instead of banking on proxy fund....

I think most of the topics in this thread are covered in these threads already:

Power projects proposed and under construction (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060) ‎(http://www.skyscrapercity.com/images/misc/multipage.gif 1 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060) 2 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=2) 3 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=3) 4 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=4) 5 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=5) 6 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=6) 7 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=7) ... Last Page (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=973060&page=25))
Egypt continues to threaten Nile Basin countries. (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255) ‎(http://www.skyscrapercity.com/images/misc/multipage.gif 1 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255) 2 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=2) 3 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=3) 4 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=4) 5 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=5) 6 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=6) 7 (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=7) ... Last Page (http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1114255&page=21))


so this thread itself is a bit redundant. Closed for the time being.