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#1 ·
Somalia, Kenya sign power, electricity pacts

The transitional federal government of Somalia on Saturday signed power and electricity pacts with neighboring Kenya, a Somali official said.

Abdurrazak Sheikh Muhyidin, the minister of petrol and electrical energy, water and minerals, said that Kenya is ready to help Somalia restore its power supplies.

The minister also said Somalia will be provided electricity generating equipment, including solar devices, by the Kenyan government.

The accord, which took place in Nairobi, was signed by Somalia’s power and energy minister and Kiraitu Murungi, the Kenyan minister of energy, according to Muhyidin.

Murungi said Kenya will aid the construction of electricity plants in Somalia.

The minister also said Kenya will help train the employees of Somalia’s ministry of electricity and energy.

Muhyidin said the Somali government will enroll all private electric supply companies in the nation in an effort to unite them.

The lack of a strong central government since 1991 has led to many Somali businessmen establishing private electricity companies.

Source
 
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#64 ·
Speaking of trading, I'm thinking about buying shares. JP Morgan of Australia is the single largest shareholder, HSBC also has shares - JP bought $3 million in shares. This looks promising.

They're listed on the Australian Securities Exchanges or ASX, and are soon to be listed on London's junior AIM market.
 
#72 ·
I honestly don't think they know how much money is in this, they're not ready for it at all. They've got no sort of petroleum agency, nothing in place even in terms of political infrastructure to deal with the scenario. Its that situation again of the Saudis who didn't even know what oil was but the Brits and Americans were just feeding them. I think Faroole & Co. just expect the White explorer men to pay up at the end of the day, there is no plan in place at all; they don't seem to know the seriousness of it all. You can't expect anyone, let alone Somalis to ever be ready for something of this magnitude.
 
#74 · (Edited)
h h
AFRICA OIL CORP.

The company holds two blocks in Puntland, Somalia: the Nugaal Block and the Dharoor Block.

Block Summaries
Country Concession Acreage WI
Somalia Dharoor 14,424 km² 45%
Nugaal 24,908 km² 45%


Somalia Map



The Nugaal and Dharoor Blocks are located in the Nugaal and Darin Mesozoic basins in northern Somalia. The Mesozoic basins are interpreted to be extensions of the Marib-Shawba and Sayun-Masila Basins of Yemen. Prior to the opening of the Gulf of Aden in the Oligocene-Miocene, these areas were contiguous and similar sedimentary sequences and structural styles are likely.

Cretaceous basins rifted apart beginning 16-18 million years ago






These concessions are very large and, with only 5 wells drilled, the area remains one of the least explored areas in North Africa.

The Nugaal Basin covered by the Nugaal Valley Block has been identified as having reservoir, source rock and trap potential. International oil and gas companies conducted exploration in the late 1980's in the region. During this exploration phase, a grid of 2D seismic was shot perpendicular to the axis of the rift system in the Nugaal Basin. Based on interpreted maps this data shows a number of large, closed, fault-controlled structures.

In addition, surface geology identified a number of oil seeps along the main basin-bounding faults. Wells drilled on the identified structures encountered numerous oil shows, however, the wells (Nugaal-1 and Kalis-1) did not reach the main exploration target.

The basin fill is extremely thick, with more than 10,000 feet of sediments in some areas. The main target reservoir is the Jurassic-aged sandstones belonging to the Gabredarre Formation. These reservoir sandstones overlie the organic rich shales and marls of the Uarandab Formation, which is thought to be the source rock for the oil seeps observed along the boundary faults. The secondary reservoirs include the deep marine sandstones and shallow marine carbonates belonging to the Upper Cretaceous Gumburo Formation. The marine sandstones of the Jesomma Formation, also Upper Cretaceous in age, are also potential secondary targets. The Jesomma and Gumburo have isopach thicknesses of approximately 1,350 and 2,450 feet, respectively.

The indications from the limited number of wells drilled in the basin are that the basins appear to be oil-prone.

Source: http://www.africaoilcorp.com/s/Somalia.asp?ReportID=352284
 
#75 · (Edited)
h h
AFRICA OIL CORP. East Africa Exploration



The Company's assets in Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia are world-class oil exploration projects and contain significant resource potential.

Africa Oil holds operated and non-operated blocks in East Africa that contain under-explored plays in basins that have proven and productive analogues, or where the petroleum system is calibrated by existing well and seismic data. The current seismic and well database provides sufficient information to identify a large number of prospects and leads. Some of the prospects and leads have the potential to target multiple stacked plays. Other prospects and leads will test only single plays, but with the potential to test stacked-pay.

World-Class East Africa Oil Exploration Play




In Somalia (Puntland), the Darin and Nogal Basins are analogous to the proven and production Marib-Shabwa and Sayun-asila Basins of Yemen. These were contiguous prior to the opening of the Gulf of Aden. Therefore similar plays, prospects and leads likely exist in Somalia. This observation allows this area to be calibrated by the better understood Yemeni basins.

In Kenya, Block 9 and Block 10A are located in the Anza Graben. This is a Mesozoic basin related to similar Mesozoic basins of southern Sudan (Muglad Basin) where the petroleum system is proven and productive. The Muglad Basin is an analogue and provides calibration for the analysis of the prospectivity of these licenses. Block 10BB is located southeast of the Anza Graben Block 10A. The block is positioned within the eastern branch of the East African Rift analogous to recent discoveries made by Tullow Oil and Heritage Oil in Uganda within the western branch of the East African Rift.

Block 10BA is located in the northwestern part of Kenya within the Kenya Rift, which is part of the East African Rift System.The Block includes onshore areas to the east and west of Lake Turkana and offshore portions of the northern two thirds of Lake Turkana. Within the Block are several sub-basins and structural fault blocks that are considered part of the Kenya Rift. The Cretaceous age Anza Graben may extend west of Block 10A to underlie the Tertiary age rift system and could add deep exploration targets. Sub-basins include Lake Turkana North, Lake Turkana Central, Lodwar North and Kerio North.

In Ethiopia, the Ogaden Basin is within a proven hydrocarbon setting, however, to date no commercial production has been established. Oil, gas and condensate discoveries indicate that there is a complex petroleum system. The limited available data in this under explored area indicates that there is a wide range of potential petroleum type and volumes in this basin.

The Africa Oil blocks are all located onshore in the north of East Africa (Horn of Africa). All of the blocks are sparsely explored with only limited well and seismic data available to constrain the petroleum system and prospectivity. However, there is sufficient data on the blocks to demonstrate that multiple petroleum systems are developed within each block.

Block Summaries

Country Concession Acreage WI
Somalia Dharoor 14,424 km² 45%
Nogal 24,908 km² 45%
Ethiopia 2 & 6, 24,420 km² 55%
7 & 8, 23,162 km² 55%
Adigala 27,200 km² 50%
South Omo 29,465 km² 30%
Kenya 10A 14,748 km² 30%
10BA 16,205 km² 50%
10BB 12,675 km² 40%
9 23,700 km² 66.7%
12A 15,389 km² 50%
13T 8,429 km² 50%
Mali 7&11 72,614 km² 25%

Source: http://www.africaoilcorp.com/s/Operations.asp?ReportID=352319
 
#79 · (Edited)
A lot of strange stuff is going on in PL in dealing with this situation. Rumors are saying that drilling work is underway and that PL told told the drilling companies to throw the public off and announce a later date, September. The latest interview with Range Resources director says that Q3 will be mobilization and Q4 will be spudding. From what I hear, there is extreme caution being taken and very heavy security being provided by unknown sources. They are throwing around fake dates across the board and doing everything undercover and docking at night. The equipment mobilization and landing information is out there but it wouldn't be fair if I posted the details - the shipping company is Indonesian and the rig is extremely heavy is what I can tell you for now, and it landed in Bosaso in mid June. What's fact is that the equipment was processed in part in Sharjah and the rest on a different shipment in Suez and its final destination is Bosaso Port. There was an armed escort paid for by the drilling team (or PL, no clue) and followed the parts from Sharjah. None of this information is being published or available but those in the inside crowd know well, I'm lucky to know a few in Bosaso and Dubai. The plan is to make a surprise announcement about spudding, or in a more extreme scenario we'll hear about oil if they wait 2 months for the drill to go deep enough to announce anything. Do not expect news on any Somali mediums anytime soon, there's a tense game at play between PL and Africa Oil in how they'll pursue their mission without attracting attention. Its a lot more private than I thought it'd be, I expected the news to be buzzing like the last time when every reporter in the vicinity made their way to the convoy and documented everything from the landing at Bosaso to the surveys in Bari - it'll be the opposite this time.

This is the latest interview, where the director reiterates the new date, a day after a skirmish in Ufeyn between oil teams & PL and a local clan militia.

http://www.stockopedia.co.uk/content/range-resources-executive-director-interview-q3-2011-58505/
 
#81 ·
The rig landed in June, the chief drilling company put its stock back on the ASX on July 27, and Africa Oil went to the ground (and was harassed) on July 26, with RR director making the statement about the new dates the same day. Everything points to the spudding actually occurring on-date. The security detail has just complicated the information process. What surprises me more isn't that we didn't hear about a spud but the reasons behind the lack of information.
 
#82 ·
Some telecom news from Somaliland:

Somaliland: Telecommunication companies agree on Interconnection

HARGEISA (SomalilandPress)— Today at a historic signing Somaliland’s telecommunication companies signed an agreement to allow interconnection for their consumers. The agreement will allow consumers to call out of network coverage without having to change SIM card or phone number. In the past each Somaliland’s telecommunication operators offered services to their own customers on their own network with no interconnection to different operator.

The event at the Mansoor Hotel Somaliland’s Vice President Abdirahman Ismail Ali (Saylici) said this is a historic moment for the country, clients will no longer have to carry with them several phones or SIM Cards so that they can communicate with others. The Vice President went on to say today’s five company signings will reduce the frustration that the consumers have had with the country’s telecommunication companies which were seen as not consumer friendly.

With the exception of Telesom, the country’s five other operators Africa Online, Telecom, SomTel, National Link and SolTeco have all agreed to the terms and pricing of interconnection.

SomalilandPress reporter Abdiqani Baynah who was present at the ceremony spoke with several attendees whom all have welcomed the notion of being able to call directly between subscribers on different network carriers.
Source: SomalilandPress
http://somalilandpress.com/somaliland-telecommunication-companies-agree-on-interconnection-22988

Somaliland: Telesom unveils country’s first 3G network



HARGEISA(SomalilandPress)—Telesom Company Somaliland’s largest national telecommunications operator today unveils the country’s first 3G mobile network service at a well rehearsed grand opening ceremony at the city’s Freedom Park. Telesom which was founded in Hargeisa, Somaliland in 2001 has surpassed the rest with its quality pioneering technology and quality service since its inception. Present at the ceremony from the government were Minister of Justice Hussein Ahmed Aideed, Minister of Social Service Professor Ismail Mumin Aar, and Minister of Commerce Mr. Abdirizak Khalif Ahmed also spoke at the ceremony.


Telesom Company has been known for its innovative strategy in Somaliland’s telecommunication market by being the first to unveil the country’s first mobile banking “ZAAD” service in late 2009 which has been an important life line for millions of Somalis in East Africa. In February 2010 it followed with the inauguration of the country’s first solar powered mobile phone system which allowed urban resident to connect with their nomadic family members.

Mr. Mohamd Salah Abdi who is one of the managing directors of Telesom spoke who spoke at the said “this is a testament of our commitment to innovate the market by deploying 3G network service in Somaliland which will allow our customers to have video and audio streaming, video chat and high-speed internet access the first in the Horn of Africa. This 3G technology will offer advanced mobile broadband services to not only Telesom consumers but also to the business community in Somaliland.

About Telesom
Telesom is one of the leading and most respected names in Somaliland which not only continues to bring innovation and connect this unrecognized republic but also contribute to the development of the community. Telesom funds many of the leading high learning institutions in the country as well as underprivileged students, funds and sponsors social events and brings awareness. They also contribute to the rehabilitation of roads and are currently the main investor of Borama-Dilla highway.
http://somalilandpress.com/somaliland-telesom-unveils-country’s-first-3g-network-22951
 
#83 ·
This seems Mogadishu-centric but an interesting video. There is a video provided by the link but I can't embed it as it is not a Youtube/Dailymotion video.

Somalia business sector set for transformation

The long fighting between rival groups has forced the city's main markets and business hubs to seize operation with the traders relocating to markets and trade centers.

Most of the Somalia community have flocked into business sector as their main source of livelihood and many have preferred to open up their stalls due to the current peace prevailing in Mogadishu after the latest end of combat in the capital. The main central market of Bakara, Baad Market as well as the roads that lead to this market have been reopened by the Somalia government.

Somalia before the civil war had a number of ports and international airports. Two of the ports are currently handling large volumes of cargo to and from many countries following both local efforts and international investment.

Business is slowly reviving here in the Somali capital Mogadishu . Roads and markets that were also non operational for close to four years have also been reopened.

Hussein Ali a tailor in Mogadishu says that the roads were impassable before but since fighting halted in early August, he has been able to move freely to the biggest markets of the capital and managed to fill his store with materials for his business. He also hopes for peace to prevail in Mogadishu and urges all parties to choose peace for the betterment of the whole Somali society.

With the main roads accessible now and markets slowly reopening, experts say it is more likely that Somalia business sector is set for major transformation.
http://www.presstv.ir/detail/202264.html
 
#84 ·
News from Somaliland.

Somaliland: Telesom plays vital part in the progress of University of Hargeisa

HARGEISA (SomalilandPress) Telesom Communication, one of the leading telecommunication providers in Somaliland has promised to take greater role in the advancement of University of Hargeisa. According to Ali Mohamed Salah (Ali Cajab) relations manager during his speech at University of Hargeisa’s commencement yesterday Mr. Salah said “first and foremost I would like to congratulate the class of 2011 and specially to the 8 graduating students who are my colleagues at Telesom.” Mr. Salah went onto say that today’s graduating class also has 10 students who were recipients of Telesom academic scholarship during their four years of education.”

Telesom communication is known for its endowment towards University of Hargeisa in recent years, as the telecommunication company added to the university two additional lecture halls. Ali Mohamed wrap up by saying Telesom’s strong relationship with the management of University of Hargeisa has been beneficial to the students and future of education in Somaliland in general.

Telesom Communication is known for its innovations in Somaliland telecommunication sector. Telesom is the first company to bring mobile banking “ZAAD” in 2009 and more recently the country’s first 3G networks the first in the Horn of Africa.
http://somalilandpress.com/somalila...-the-progress-of-university-of-hargeisa-24023

SF Swiss Financial Bank Investment set to open branch in Somaliland


HARGEISA (SomalilandPress)—Swiss Financial Bank the owners of Banque De Depot Eet De Credit Djibouti (BDCD) today annouced their intention of opening a Somaliland co-shared bank in the country. Their current branch in Djibouti offers range of products and diverse services from agriculture credit to Islamic Savings banking account.

Speaking to Somalilandpress.com/SDWO.com at a meeting held in Hargeisa, Pierre Marazzato the Managing Director and Sales manager of SF Swiss Financial Bank said “we intend on opening a branch of our bank in somaliland where by Somaliland citizens will own 60% and 40% owned by SF Swiss Financial Bank”. Mr. Marazzato went on to say that Somaliland citizens should get the higher percent because there are the owners of the country and should benefit from this partnership. Pierre marazzato concluded by saying once legislators pass the new banking law, we will be the first to open a branch in Somaliland.

This news is seen as a judgment to Somaliland’s democratization and development thus will connect the unrecognized country to the global market. Speaking after Mr. Marazzato was Somalialnd Banking Director Mr. Abdi Dirir Abdi who said the country urgently needs international banking sector because that will help the development of the country and bring in new investors into the country. Another guest speaker at the event was Djibouti Minister of Commerce Mr. Abdillahi Ahmed Abdi who spoke about his country’s experience with SF Swiss Financial Bank and how 51% of Banque De Depot Credit Djibouti is owned his country and the rest SF Swiss Financial Bank. Few of the country’s top businessmen were also in attendance from Haji Ahmed Dahir (Baxsane), Mohamed Ali managing director of Omaar Trading and Suldan Ali Koshin traditional leader and scholar of Banking and graduate of Georgetown University in the USA.
http://somalilandpress.com/somalila...stment-set-to-open-branch-in-somaliland-23912
 
#85 ·
Somalia | Business, Economy and Infrastructure GENERAL THREAD!

Hi all

I am a new, (ex-lurker) of this forum. I hope everyone are doing well.

I have a general (perhaps a noob) question about Somalia's economy & infrastructure:

1) Who would invest in Somalia's infrastructure? For example, improving it's roads, building hospitals etc.

As far as I am aware, there aren't a central government that could fund say a private contractor.

Would the international community fund such a thing and if so, what would be in it for them?

T
 
#88 ·
Hi all

I am a new, (ex-lurker) of this forum. I hope everyone are doing well.
Welcome. :)

I have a general (perhaps a noob) question about Somalia's economy & infrastructure:

1) Who would invest in Somalia's infrastructure? For example, improving it's roads, building hospitals etc.

As far as I am aware, there aren't a central government that could fund say a private contractor.

Would the international community fund such a thing and if so, what would be in it for them?

T
The Somali diaspora at the moment is the main investor in Somalia's infrastructure, but countries such as the UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Turkey, Malaysia, China, Iran and the EU have invested in building hospitals, modern live-stock facilities and expanding/maintaining roads, as you can see from the general construction topic.

Investment in Somalia has a myriad of positive side-effects, from providing employment, creating opportunities, to raising the standard of living, which would serve as a direct obstacle to extremism and a deterrent to outward-migration.

The countries and entities I mentioned above also have economic motives for their assistance and investment, as Somalia has alot of potential for the future. Malaysia and the Gulf countries are interested in Somali live-stock, China is interested in Somali oil and fisheries, Iran and the EU have a history of importing Somali agricultural commodities, and Turkey sees a foothold in Somalia as an opening into East Africa because of the large Somali merchant network established there.

With a slow return to an accountable Somali government, that can protect investments, you will see a return to the large-scale infrastructural projects of prewar times.
 
#86 ·
Welcome to the forum, T3ST!

We already had a Somali economy discussion thread going on so I merged it with the current discussion.

In my opinion, it will be up to the diaspora in the beginning stages, to invest in Somalia's infrastructure, until foreign companies feel comfortable enough in the stability of the area to invest (there are projects in some areas however). They are already doing this right now, in lieu of conventional financing options through traditional finance options such as remittance services, in the form of private enterprises. Hospitals and health infrastructure is built usually in cooperation with NGOs who have operations in the country that are safe enough.
 
#89 ·
Turkcell pinpoints Libya, Somalia as expansion targets


According to Hurriyet Daily News, Turkcell, Turkey’s largest mobile phone operator by subscribers, is in the midst of formalising an approach to enter the Libyan wireless market, following the recent political shift in the country. Back in July 2009 Turkcell announced its intention to bid for a unified telecoms licence in Libya, in competition with UAE-based Etisalat. A year later, in July 2010, Libya’s General Telecommunications Authority (GTA) announced that it had refused both offers, concluding that neither proposal was satisfactory. However, Turkcell general manager Sureyya Ciliv now says that his company declined the concession due to the perceived lack of a level playing field; both of Libya’s operational cellcos Libyana and Al Madar are wholly-owned by the state via Libya Post and Telecommunications Information Technology (LPTIC).

Speaking at a press event to mark the fifth anniversary of the company’s call centre in Erzurum, Ciliv told a small group of journalists that the Libyan government also sounded out Turkcell regarding the construction of a fibre-optic transmission network, but once more Turkcell declined. When questioned regarding its intentions to enter the Libyan market, the enigmatic Ciliv declared: ‘Our friends are working on the issue’. The general manager also added that Turkcell has designs on entering the Somalian telecoms sector, providing no further details. - Source
 
#90 ·
Ex-lawmaker lobbies to bring ConocoPhillips back to Somalia

By Kevin Bogardus - 09/18/11 06:00 AM ET

A former member of Congress is lobbying to bring a major oil company back to Somalia. The Moffett Group, headed up by former Rep. Toby Moffett (D-Conn.), has been hired by the Puntland State of Somalia to encourage ConocoPhillips to reinvest in oil-rich tracts of land the company owns in the region but abandoned in 1991.

"I don't want to kick the daylights of Conoco. I just want to ask them what their plans are," Moffett, chairman of the firm, told The Hill.

Under the contract, his firm’s compensation is $10,000 per month, according to Moffett. The agreement lasts a year.

Located on the very tip of the Horn of Africa, Puntland has been an autonomous state since 1998.

Documents filed by the firm with the Justice Department say Moffett and others will represent the Puntland government before the Obama administration, Congress and other U.S. entities.

“It will work towards the goals of promoting peace, security and political stability in Puntland through socio-economic development and helping Puntland benefit from its own natural resources,” the documents say.

Also included with the Justice records is a June 7 letter from the president of Puntland, Abdirahman Mohamed Mohamud Farole, to Moffett.

The letter says ConocoPhillips abandoned its oil exploration activities in Puntland in 1991 when the Somali central government in Mogadishu collapsed, leading to 20 years of civil war and splintered government.

“The peace, security and political stability in Puntland can be sustained through socio-economic development, such as better schools and hospitals, construction of public infrastructure, light industry, and job-creation. As such, it is a matter of urgency that Puntland needs to benefit from its own natural resources, including potential oil reserves,” the letter states.

The letter asks Moffett to help find “a tangible solution” to ConocoPhillips’s “inactivity” in the country.

Moffett said he plans to contact Conoco to ask them about what they plan to do with their oil interests in Somalia.

“It needs to develop them. Yes, we're going to have conversations with Conoco and politely ask them what their plans are,” Moffett said. “Depending on what they plan to do, they may face questions from Congress and from NGOs, asking why they are sitting on natural resources that could help Puntland when the country is struggling so.”

Moffett said he is familiar with senior figures tied to Conoco. Ruth Harkin, the wife of Sen. Tom Harkin (D-Iowa), and Ken Duberstein, former Reagan White House chief of staff and chairman and CEO of the lobby firm, the Duberstein Group, serve on the oil company’s board of directors.

Moffett will have a difficult case to make.

Security is an issue in the region where armed gangs and pirates are prevalent and have attacked oil company officials in the past. But Moffett points to a new deal reached between leaders of several regional Somali governments, including Puntland, which is designed to put a long-lasting national government back in place.

“It is not without merit, that position,” Moffett said, referring to security concerns. “I think the historic agreement is going to change that so that Puntland will be even more stable. It gives the Obama administration and U.S. companies a foundation for reexamining the situation.” - Source
 
#91 ·
Somalia: Puntland Livestock Law Being Developed

The government of Puntland State of Somalia is developing a new livestock law as part of an effort to boost livestock sector, Radio Garowe reports.

A seminar organized by the Somali Animal Health Service Project (SAHSP) is being held in Garowe. Some 30 persons are attending the three-day conference, including government officials, parliamentarians, Chamber of Commerce and Industry officers, and veterinarians.

Nur Ahmed Yusuf, Puntland's deputy livestock minister, told the participants that the livestock law is in draft phase and requires finalization by the Puntland parliament.

SAHSP program officer Dr. Mohamed Abdikadir Jama said the purpose of the seminar was to review the livestock laws of Puntland State.

The three-day seminar aims to address and discuss key issues relating to livestock, including livestock law and animal health policies. - Source
 
#93 ·
Turkey's minister to contractors: "Be ready to go to Somalia"


Turkey's transportation minister called on the country's construction sector to finalize preparations for the investment in Somali infrastructure in Ankara on Tuesday.

In his address delivered at the Turkish Contractors Association's (TMB) 2nd National Congress on Highways gala, Transportation Minister Binali Yıldırım said, "You will have a significant impact in Somalia with your investments."

Yıldırım, pushing for the mobilization of contractors to invest in transportation on a voluntary basis, said, "Be prepared to go to Somalia in the next month." Calling what has taken place in Somalia a shame for humanity, Yıldırım said investment in the drought-stricken country will be a lesson for the entire world.

Yıldırım said that "Turkey will go [to Somalia] with a different message," working for the welfare of the weak instead of using them. "To do this, we must complete the final preparations," he said.

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's visit to Somalia sent a very important message to the world, Yıldırım continued. "Turkish contractors will continue on this path that the prime minister began," he said. "With your endorsements, we will further increase investments [in Somalia]," Yıldırım added.

With the international community struggling with economic and political crises, Yıldırım said Turkey should take up the mantle and continue to lead in aid to Somalia. "We will continue investing in transportation. The environment around us is not good. The south is experiencing political crises, while the West faces economic crises. These opportunities [to lead in Somalia] are now being put before Turkey," he said.

Turkey has collected more than TL 504 million in fundraising drives for the people of Somalia, which is suffering from the worst drought in the region in 60 years. In the last month alone, approximately $280 million in donations for the African country, also struggling with internal conflict and poverty, were collected in Turkey.

Cihan
Good news.
 
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