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Old August 10th, 2011, 10:59 PM   #1
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Romania l Everything Worth Seeing

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Romania (Romānia) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe

area: 238,391 square kilometers (92,043 sq mi)
population: 22 million
Capital and largest city: Bucharest, the 6th largest city in the EU with almost 2.5 million people.

"Romanian" name is derived from Latin "Romanus".

"Romanian" is a term that defines the people who are descendants of Romans and Dacians and who live in a part of the territory of ancient Dacia, but also as minorities (Romanians, Aromanians (Macedo-Romanians), the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians) in neighboring countries.

Historical summary

Romanians birth:

The Roman Empire increasing need for resources of the staggering economy, and the constant threat of Dacia (today part of: Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, ukraine) to the empire, triggered a series of wars between the two empires. Some of the wars have been won by the dacians, some other by the romans, but in the end, the romans defeated the dacians and Dacia was annexed by Roman Empire.

The conclusion of the Dacian Wars marked a huge triumph for Rome and its armies. Trajan announced a total of 123 days of glorious celebrations throughout the Empire. Dacia's rich gold mines were secured and it is estimated that Dacia now contributed 700 million Denarii annually to the Roman economy, providing a helpful source of finance for Rome's future campaigns and assisting with the rapid expansion of Roman towns throughout Europe.
In order to discourage future revolts, Legio XIII Gemina and Legio V Macedonica were permanently posted in Dacia.

The veterans of these legions were given land in Dacia and married Dacian women. This would lead to the birth of the Romanian people.

Romania's birth:

After countless attempts, mainly of austo-hungary and the Ottoman Empire to block Romanians to unite their (remaining) inherited lands under a single state, Kingdom of Romania finally emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859.

The Principalities of Romania joined Serbia, Montenegro, the Bulgarian volunteers and the russian empire in a war against the Ottoman Empire. As a result, Romania won its independence from the Ottoman Empire (independence internationally recognized a day later), but was forced by russia to cede the Budjak region of the Danube delta, in spite of an existing treaty of alliance between the two countries.

Romania in World War 1:

In August 1914, when World War I broke out, Romania declared neutrality. Two years later, under pressure from the Allies, on 27 August 1916, Romania joined the Allies declaring war on austria-hungary. For this action, under the terms of the secret military convention, Romania was promised support for its goal of national unity for all Romanian people.

When German, Bulgarian and austro-hungarian forces occupied a part of Romania, the Romanian administration moved to Iaşi (Moldova), and with them, the most valuable objects which belonged to the Romanian state. Fearing an eventual German victory, the Romanian government decided to send the Treasure abroad. In the absence of an alternative, the Romanian government signed a deal with the russian government (an ally at that time) which stated that russia would safe keep the Romanian Treasure in the kremlin until the end of the war.

At 3:00 AM during the night of December 14–15, 1916, a train with 17 carriages, full of gold bars and gold coins (around 97 tonnes), departed the Iaşi train station eastward. In four other carriages, 200 gendarmes guarded the train. The gold load of this train has as of 2005 a value of $1.25 billion. Seven months later, in the summer of 1917, as the war situation was getting worse for Romania, another transport was sent to moscow, containing the most precious objects of the Romanian state, including the archives of the Romanian Academy, many antique valuables, such as 3,500-year-old golden jewels found in Romania, ancient Dacian jewels, the jewels of the voivodes of Wallachia and Moldavia, as well as the jewels of the Romanian royalty, thousands of paintings, as well as precious cult objects owned by Romanian monasteries, such as 14th century icons and old Romanian manuscripts. It also contained various deposits of the Romanian people at the national banks. The value of this train is hard to estimate, especially because most of its contents are art objects, but most likely nowadays it could even surpass the value of the other train.

All the governments of Romania since World War I, regardless of their political colour, have tried unsuccessfully to negotiate a return of the gold and of the culturally valuable objects, but all soviet and russian governments have refused.

By the war's end, austria-hungary and the russian empire had collapsed and disintegrated; Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania proclaimed unions with the Kingdom of Romania in 1918. The union of Romania with Bukovina was ratified in 1919 in the Treaty of Saint Germain, and with Bessarabia in 1920 by the Treaty of Paris.

Romania in Second World War:

During the Second World War, Romania tried again to remain neutral, but on 28 June 1940 it received a soviet ultimatum with an implied threat of invasion if not withdrawn from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

Under Nazi and soviet pressure, and with France and the United Kingdom (who had pledged to guarantee the independence of the Kingdom of Romania) crumbled in the Fall of France, the Romanian administration and the army were forced to retreat from Bessarabia as well from northern Bukovina to avoid war. This, in combination with other factors, prompted the government to join the Axis.

About 200,000 people immediately fled from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in Romania. The soviet occupation of Bassarabia and Northern Bukovina targeted also all people highly educated, bearing the Romanian culture whom they persecuted, deportated to labour camps in siberia and deliberate exterminated hundreds of thousands civilians, several thousand of them when trying to escape in Romania. Following the disastrous agricultural policy of the Soviet government, in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, about 300,000 people were killed by starvation. The men in the region were mobilized in the soviet army, hundreds of thousands of them died in the red army wars. Throughout the duration of the soviet occupation, about 2,344,000 persons from Bessarabia, northern Bukovina and Moldavian ASSR died. Destoying the intellectuals and the romanian culture in the region, Stalin launched a major colonization and russification of what were now Chernivtsi Region, Moldavian SSR and ukrainian Bugeac.

Thereafter, southern Dobruja was ceded to Bulgaria, while hungary received Northern Transylvania as result of an Axis arbitration. The authoritarian King Carol II abdicated in 1940, and succeeded by the National Legionary State, in which power was shared by Ion Antonescu and the Iron Guard. Within months, Antonescu had crushed the Iron Guard, and the subsequent year Romania entered the war on the side of the Axis powers. Throughout the Antonescu years, Romania supplied (without monetary compensation) Nazi Germany and the Axis armies with grain, industrial products, was also the most important source of oil for Nazi Germany (which attracted multiple bombing raids by the Allies), as well as committing more troops to the Eastern Front than all the other allies of Germany combined. By means of the Axis invasion of the soviet union, Romania recovered Bessarabia, northern Bukovina and Transnistria from soviet russia, under the leadership of general Ion Antonescu. The Antonescu regime played a major role in the Holocaust, following to a lesser extent the Nazi policy of oppression and massacre of the Jews and gypsyes, primarily in the Eastern territories Romania recovered from the soviet union.

Jewish holocaust victims totaled at least 280,000, and 11,000 gypsy victims.

On August 23, 1944 King Michael launched a coup d'état overthrowing the pro-Nazi government of Ion Antonescu, and putting Romania's Army on the side of the Allies. In moscow, on September 12, Romania and the soviet union signed an armistice on terms moscow virtually dictated. Under the Armistice Agreement, Romania subjected itself to an Allied Control Commission, consisting of the soviet union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, while the soviet military command de-facto exercised predominant authority. Romania committed about 15 divisions to the Allied cause under soviet command. Before the end of hostilities against Germany, about 170,000 Romanian troops perished helping the red army liberate Czechoslovakia and Hungary. The armistice obligated Romania to pay the soviet union US$300 million in reparations, but the total value of goods (oil, natural gas, coal, metal extraction, uranium... ) the Soviet Union drained from Romania surpassed by far the demanded war reparations, being estimated at around US$2 billion (a huge amount for that time), not to mention the hundreds of thousands of lifes lost in torment under the soviet occupation of Romania that began at that year and lasted 12 years.


By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied (and never returned) by the soviet union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.

After several wars, major earthquakes and the most destructive disaster of all, the communism which almost destroyed the Romanian social and cultural class and slaughtered all the cities and monuments of the country to raise construction with communist architecture and monuments for the russian occupants, Romania is now trying to revive her culture, to restore the remaining monuments, and to make some order in the chaos created by the ignorant, arrogant and corrupt good for nothing, political classes.

Romania joined:
NATO on March 29, 2004
European Union on January 1, 2007

Is also a member of the:
Latin Union
Francophonie
OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)
WTO (World Trade Organization)
BSEC (Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation)
UN (United Nations)
ESA (European Space Agency)
source: wikipedia

I will improve this thread in time. Meanwhile, i would appreciate it very much if no one else post photos/videos in this thread. If i don't post every day/week/month, it doesn't mean that i've abandoned this thread, but it means that i'm looking for new pics which i'll post as soon as i have time.

Timisoara
Is one (and my favourite) of the three romanian cities running for the title of European Capital of Culture 2020, alonside with cities from Serbia and Ireland, according to Wikipedia. Located in Banat region (see the map), is the capital of Timis county (on the map in brown colour). For more photos click here



In 1700:

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In 1800:

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Click here for a 360* Panoview of Opera Square


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In the photo below, in the frontispiece of the building on the left you can see traces of bullets fired on the day of December 17, 1989, when Timisoara kicked off the fall of communism in Romania:


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Last edited by 24days; April 29th, 2012 at 02:40 PM.
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Old August 11th, 2011, 08:25 AM   #2
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Click here for a 360* Panoview of Unirii Square


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Last edited by 24days; February 7th, 2012 at 12:12 AM.
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Old August 12th, 2011, 02:03 AM   #3
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Last edited by 24days; May 12th, 2012 at 07:30 PM.
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Old August 12th, 2011, 03:01 AM   #4
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very nice pics of Romania....thanks.
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Old August 13th, 2011, 10:05 AM   #5
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fantastic

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Old August 13th, 2011, 01:40 PM   #6
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ok I understand your idea. Btw..you are right..Romanian people do not know to appreciate the beautiful things they have in this country and I'm sure you can handle by your one with your thread. Can you tell me when will you post some pictures with Moldova?
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Last edited by bestmann; August 14th, 2011 at 12:31 AM.
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Old August 13th, 2011, 08:10 PM   #7
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Last edited by 24days; March 1st, 2012 at 09:21 PM.
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Old August 13th, 2011, 09:26 PM   #8
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Last edited by 24days; May 27th, 2012 at 02:56 AM.
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Old August 14th, 2011, 10:14 PM   #9
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Old August 15th, 2011, 01:16 AM   #10
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Last edited by 24days; May 27th, 2012 at 02:46 AM.
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Old August 13th, 2011, 10:22 PM   #11
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Great thread. I love it.
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Old August 14th, 2011, 06:52 PM   #12
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Old August 14th, 2011, 09:31 PM   #13
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Amazing old streets!
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Old August 15th, 2011, 09:37 AM   #14
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"cu placere" and I will wait pictures with Iasi.
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Old August 15th, 2011, 12:00 PM   #15
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nice town,Timișoara..
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Old August 16th, 2011, 10:17 AM   #16
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Alba Carolina Fortress (more info here, and more photos here) - currently under renovation which is scheduled to be completed at the end of 2012:








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Last edited by 24days; June 20th, 2012 at 04:52 PM.
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Old August 17th, 2011, 04:10 PM   #17
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Last edited by 24days; June 23rd, 2012 at 12:48 PM.
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Old August 17th, 2011, 06:25 PM   #18
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Big scale of renovations. Congrats and best wishes for the future.
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Old August 18th, 2011, 10:24 PM   #19
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To the 70 (or more) hectares is indeed a large scale renovation

Quote:
Congrats and best wishes for the future.
Thank you, and all the best !
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Old August 18th, 2011, 10:27 PM   #20
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very nice buildings
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alba iulia, arad, bucuresti, cluj-napoca, romania, timisoara

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