teścik

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the City of Vancouver (ogółem ok. 1,2 mld.$):

your tax Bill
Many of the charges that you see on your property tax bill represent fees
from the Province and other regional bodies. these charges include provincial
school tax, TransLink, BC Assessment, regional government, and the Municipal
Finance Authority. these taxing authorities determine the amount they need
and provide the tax rates to the city to collect. We include them on your tax
bill, but they are outside the city’s budget control.
in addition, 61% of your sewer fees and 68% of your water fees are
determined by Metro Vancouver. in total, over 40% of a typical tax bill is
again, outside of the city’s budget control.

did you know that for every tax dollar collected in Vancouver, the federal government gets 60 cents, the provincial government gets 32 cents, and the city of Vancouver gets 8 cents*?

Where are your tax dollars
going?
there are two parts to the city’s
budget. one is the operating
budget, which covers spending on
services such as policing, fire fighting,
parks, and engineering. these are
the daily services needed to keep
Vancouver running. careful financial
management and accurate planning
of operating expenses is critical.

i to jest ok. 1 mld.$ zwodniczo porównywalne z budżetem Krakowa.

the other part of the budget is
the capital budget. this budget
deals with creating and maintaining
the city’s infrastructure. road
repair, bridge upgrades and
replacement of water mains are all
capital expenditures. Maintaining
infrastructure is a way of investing
in the future of our city, and
an important factor in realizing
longterm cost savings by extending
the usable lifespan. the capital
budget also includes the expansion
and creation of new infrastructure,
facilities such as community centres,
ice rinks, swimming pools and city
works yards

http://vancouver.ca/fs/budgetService...ooklet2011.pdf

capital budget to ok 255 mln.$...

http://vancouver.ca/parks/board/2012.../covreport.pdf

teraz Metro Vancouver (ok. 620 mln.$)...

The operating budget of the Metro Vancouver Districts is paid for by six main sources:
• Water Sales
• Sewer Levy
• Solid Waste Tipping Fee
• Tax Requisitions
• Housing Rents
• External Revenues, Reserves and Other
These revenue sources support four separate legal entities: the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) is funded primarily through tax requisitions, the Greater Vancouver Sewerage &Drainage District (GVS&DD) through a sewer levy for liquid waste and user fees for the solid waste function, the Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) through the sale of water to participating member municipalities, and the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC) through property rentals.

The Metro Vancouver Districts comprise five totally separate budgets governed by separate legislation. These budgets are split into distinct programs indicating services provided for which a separate budget exists.
The Metro Vancouver Districts are required to operate balanced budgets and any deficit must be repaid immediately in the following year. All expenditures must be included in the annual budget adopted by the Board.

http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/...getinBrief.pdf

i British Columbia (razem ok. 44 mld.$)....

The key to economic opportunity is a low tax environment. B.C. has the lowest
provincial personal income taxes in Canada for individuals earning up to $120,000 year.
We’ve reduced the corporate income tax rate five times, for a total reduction of almost
40 per cent since 2001. When combined with federal tax rate cuts, the corporate income
tax rate in B.C. is among the lowest of both Canada and the rest of the G7 nations.

http://www.bcbudget.gov.bc.ca/2012/h...Highlights.pdf

podsumowując, całkowity budżet Kolumbii Brytyjskiej (4,4 mln. ludzi) to ok. 44 mld.$, przewidywane zadłużenie na 2012/13 to ok. 57 mld.$ (a my się martwimy poziomem 60%). Metro Vancouver (zurbanizowane Greater Vancouver z przyległościami) to budżet 620 mln.$ . natomiast budżet samego Vancouver (the City) jest relatywnie mały - zaledwie ok. 1,2 mld.$

generalnie widać, że system raczej federalny (wciąż jednak 60% kasy dostaje budżet centralny via podatki federalne). edukacja, zdrowie, socjal przynależą do stanu. gosp wodna, śmieciowa i ściekowa do Metro. infra miejska, miejski zbiorkom, kultura, policja, straż pożarna i in. do City.

[jinka sreekanth]

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http://www.weather-and-climate.com/a...akopane,Poland

http://www.zakopane-online.eu/111,za...average_te.htm




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler,_British_Columbia

Vertical Whistler: 1530 m (5020')
Blackcomb: 1565 m (5133')
Top elevation Whistler: 2182 m (7160')
Blackcomb: 2240 m (7347')
Base elevation Creekside: 653 m (2140')
Village: 675 m (2214')

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler_Blackcomb

Temperatures are approximately 7 to 10°C cooler on top of the mountain than in the Valley. Due to Whistler’s coastal proximity, temperatures are moderate through the winter season, rarely dipping below -10°C (12°F) in the Village and -15°C (5°F) in the alpine during the coldest part of the year. Expect -5°C (22°F) average daily alpine temperatures during most of the winter months.

http://summitlodge.com/whistler/whis...b-snow-report/

Average Alpine Temperature:

Dec. - Feb.
Low: -12 C/ 11 F
High: -5 C/ 23 F
March - May
Low: -8 C/ 19 F
High: 5 C/ 42 F

http://www.ultimateski.com/about-whistler.aspx

Zakopane - Kasprowy wyglądają co najmniej porównywalnie, a nawet nieco lepiej (w newralgicznym lutym)

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Originally Posted by vnick

Hi Szymon,

Thank you for your answer.

My son is going to be a programmer, so he wants to study applied mathematics, computer science (btw, is informatyka a Polish synonym to computer science?) or something similar. Actually, we have already reviewed many Polish Universities and now we choose between AGH and PK. UJ is not the case - it is very famous University but they require a very high Polish knowledge. So, as far as I understand, AGH is the best choice for one who wants to be a software developer, right?

From what I've learnt AGH is definitely the best (Yes, it's called informatyka).

Can you please also explain the difference between classical University and engineer bachelor degree? The only thing I realize is that engineers study an extra semester - but why?

you must be aware of this

studia dwustopniowe

Wszystkie wydziały deklarujące prowadzenie studiów dwustopniowych określają ich rodzaj jako złożenie: studia inżynierskie I stopnia SI-1 + studia magisterskie II stopnia SM-2. Deklaracja ta może budzić wątpliwości, gdyż w 4 przypadkach wydziały stosują rozwiązania organizacyjne (np. kryteria rekrutacji) charakterystyczne dla studiów magisterskich uzupełniających.

Istota różnic pomiędzy wydziałami polega na: różnych czasach trwania studiów SI -

* 4 wydziały - 6 semestrów + 1 semestr dyplomowy

* 4 wydziały - 7 semestrów

* 5 wydziałów - 7 semestrów + 1 semestr dyplomowy

kryteriach kwalifikacji na studia II stopnia SI-

* 9 wydziałów - zaliczenie odpowiedniej liczby semestrów na studiach I stopnia

* 4 wydziały - ukończenie studiów I stopnia i posiadanie dyplomu inżyniera (lub równoważnego),

różnym momencie rozpoczęcia studiów II stopnia

* 8 wydziałów - w semestrze letnim (semestr 8)

* 5 wydziałów - w semestrze zimowym (semestr 7)

różnym czasie trwania studiów SM-2

* 8 wydziałów - 3 semestry

* 5 wydziałów - 4 semestry

studia jednostopniowe

Jako studia jednostopniowe prowadzone są:

- studia magisterskie jednolite SMJ (prowadzone na 3 wydziałach i 7 kierunkach

- studia inżynierskie SI (prowadzone na 1 wydziale i 1 kierunku)

- studia magisterskie uzupełniające SMU (prowadzone na 1 wydziale i dwóch kierunkach)

Każdy rodzaj studiów zorganizowany jest w taki sam sposób na wszystkich wydziałach i kierunkach.

Studia typu SMJ trwają 10 semestrów; studia SI-8 semestrów; studia SMU - 4 semestry.

STUDIA ZAOCZNE:

Studia zorganizowane są jako studia jednostopniowe, jedynie na wydziale Zarządzania studia zaoczne prowadzone są również w systemie studiów dwustopniowych.

Podstawowymi rodzajami studiów prowadzonymi na studiach zaocznych są:

- studia inżynierskie typu SI (na 11 wydziałach)

- studia magisterskie uzupełniające SMU (na 6 wydziałach)

Innymi rodzajami studiów są prowadzone wyłącznie na wydziale Zarządzania:

- studia licencjackie SL

- studia inżynierskie I stopnia typu SI-1

- studia magisterskie II stopnia typu SM-2

Różnice w organizacji poszczególnych rodzajów studiów sprowadzają się do różnych czasów trawania studiów:

* studia inżynierskie SI-9 semestrów (na 9 wydziałach) i 8 semestrów (na 2 wydziałach)

* studia magisterskie uzupełniające SMU-4 semestry (na 5 wydziałach) i 5 semestrów (na 1 wydziale)

http://www.uci.agh.edu.pl/bip/42/ksztalc1.html

Thank you so much for your guide to Polish higher education system. And if I would have a chance to visit Krakow, let me entertain you with a cup of good Polish beer


Regards,
Viktor.

Accepted

Cheers!

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Krakowscy mieszczanie i ich ulubione miejsca
http://m.krakow.gazeta.pl/krakow/1,1...5913.html?as=1

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fajne ceny

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a view to the South from the Pilsudski Mound and the Kamedule Monastery (through telephoto lens)





a landing path to the Balice airport...


source:
http://www.adamwalanus.pl/2011/kop_pil_1913.html

from the Kosciuszko Mound








http://pl-pl.facebook.com/pages/krak...21521041204784

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http://pl-pl.facebook.com/pages/krak...21521041204784

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the Holy Trinity Church of the Dominicans...



the Myszkowski Family Chapel...


St. Jack's Chapel...


the illuminated Kościuszko Mound afar...


more pics of the Church:
http://www.krakow4u.pl/eng_index.php...jca/eng_trojca

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/4243598...n/photostream/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/lemmingby/1316936302/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/juanjolop/5283540549/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/michoch/8041258087/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/joasian...th/5947638809/

"White Hand"
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/polandm...th/6326530880/