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Nederlandse koloniale architectuur in de wereld

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#1 · (Edited)

Wiki Commons - The Dutch colonial empire 1598-1975.

Light green:
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) / Dutch East India Company
Dark green: Vereenigde Westindische Compagnie (WIC) / Dutch West India Company
Yellow: Territories occupied during the 19th century



Statistics:

In 1935, the Dutch colonial empire was stripped of it's former colonies South-Africa, Ceylon, Goldcoast and Guyana, but the Dutch East Indies + Suriname + the 6 Netherlands Antilles islands still comprised an area of 2.080.000 sq/km and with a total population of 69 million (1940: over 80 million) it was after the British and French, the third most populous colonial empire in the world.

The Dutch East India Company eclipsed all of its rivals in the Asia trade. Between 1602 and 1796 the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade on 4,785 ships, and netted for their efforts more than 2.5 million tons of Asian trade goods. By contrast, the rest of Europe combined sent only 882,412 people from 1500 to 1795, and the fleet of the English (later British) East India Company, the VOC’s nearest competitor, was a distant second to its total traffic with 2,690 ships and a mere one-fifth the tonnage of goods carried by the VOC. The VOC enjoyed huge profits from its spice monopoly through most of the 17th century. During the 18th century, the power of the Dutch Republic and the Dutch East India Co. declined and in the end the English clearly dominated the seas. Curiously the Dutch today hardly ever speak about an empire, but the statistics and its sheer size show otherwise. There's hardly a coast in the world that was left unmapped by Dutch cartographers or unvisited by Dutch ships and in many places all over the world traces can be found of short or longterm encounters with the Dutch.

However, this empire, like all others in history, was built at a human cost and this story is never complete without mentioning institutionalised slavery, racism and exploitation of people and their lands, which characterises colonialism. It's effects can be traced in many aspects of life in both the former colonized countries and the former colonizing country. This thread is focused on architecture and buildings as the most visible monuments of a system that has formally vanished. The material remnants often reflect the complex hybridity of the colonial context and in some instances they even form national symbols of present day bureaucracies.

Though most of the buildings were designed by Dutch architects and dictated by Western architectural styles, even the most ardent style-purists among architects could not escape the forces of context and culture. And like in colonial India, in colonial Indonesia plenty of buildings were built, designed or commisioned by Indonesians or the ethnic Chinese and Arabs. And while Dutch architects were strongly influenced by Indonesian culture, so too were Indonesian architects, contractors and clients influenced by Western architecture. Colonial architecture often is a result of climatological adaptions or the use of local building materials - and more importantly, the rich and diverse cultural contexts. In this hybridity lies the quality of these buildings. Architecture shows that the strict racial taxonomy of a colonial system could not be maintained.



Duration of the most important former overseas territories:
  • Dutch East Indies/Indonesia - (1598-1948) 350 years - (1942: area. 1.919.440 km² - population of 72 million) * Dutch New-Guinea (till 1969).
  • Suriname - (1600-1975) 375 years - (1975: area. 163,821 km2 - population of 361.000)
  • Coldcoast/Ghana - (1637-1872) 235 years
  • Ceylon/SriLanka - (1600-1805) 205 years
  • Guyana - (1600-1814) 214 years
  • Malacca/Malaysia - (1641-1824) 183 years
  • Kaapkolonie/South Africa - (1652-1805) 153 years - (1800: area. 145.000 km² - population of 18.000)
  • Mauritius - (1638-1710) 72 years
  • New Netherlands/New York (USA) - (1626-1667) 41 years
  • Dutch Formosa/Taiwan - (1624-1662) 38 years
  • Dutch Brazil - (1624-1654) 30 years
  • Japan (Hirado/Nagasaki) - (1641-1857) 216 years - trade monopoly



Important cities founded by the Dutch:
  • New Amsterdam/New York City (1614) - 8,5 million inh. (2010)
  • Batavia/Jakarta (1619) - on the remains of Jayacatra - 9,6 million inh. (2010)
  • Kaapstad/Cape Town (1652) - 3,5 million inh. (2007)
  • Mauritsstad/Recife (1630) - next to the Portuguese settlement - 1.5 million inh. (2010)



Dutch explorers chronologically (1580-1750)
  • Olivier Brunel - 1584?: attempt to sail to Asia via a Northern Route. Earlier, in service of the Russian Stroganov's, Brunel reached the river Ob.
  • Willem Barentsz - 1594: Sails along the western coast of Nova Zembla (and gave the island its name).
  • Cornelis Nay - 1594: sails along Nova Zembla into the Kara Sea.
  • Willem Barentsz - 1595: Failed attempt to sail beyond Nova Zembla.
  • Cornelis Houtman - 1596-1597: first Dutch voyage to the East Indies.
  • Willem Barentsz - 1596-1597: discovers Spitsbergen/Svalbard and Bear island/Bjørnøya. Rounds Nova Zembla, crew stranded and forced to spend winter in a wooden house.
  • Jacques Mahu - 1598-1600: attempt to reach the East Indies via the Strait of Magellan. One of his ships land in Japan.
  • Olivier van Noort - 1598-1601: sails through the Strait of Magellan and around the world.
  • Pieter de Marees - 1600-1602: leads an expedition to the Goldcoast of African Guinea.
  • Joris van Spilbergen - 1602: first Dutch captain to visit Ceylon and sails around the world in 1614-1617.
  • Willem Jansz - 1605-1606: sails along the southcoast of New-Guinea and discovers New Holland/Australia.
  • Henry Hudson (Englishman in service of the Dutch EIC) - 1609: discovers the river Hudson and sails it up to Fort Oranje (Albany).
  • Abraham Blauvelt - (16??): city of Bluefields and Bluefield river (Nicaragua), Blewfields Bay (Jamaica).
  • Hendrik Brouwer - 1611: discovers a faster route to the East Indies via the southern part of the Indian Ocean.
  • Adriaen Block - 1613-1614: sails along the coast of New England and discovers the Connecticut river or "Versche rivier". Named Block island near Rhode (Dutch: Rode) island.
  • Jan Jacobsz. May van Schellinkhout - 1614: Discovers and names the island of Jan Mayen.
  • Dirck Hartog - 1616: lands on the shores of the western coast of New-Holland/Australia.
  • Jacob Le Maire and Willem Cornelisz Schouten - 1615-1617: named kaap Hoorn (Cape Horn), Vuurland (Tierra del Fuego), Staten eiland (Isla de los Estados) and the Le Maire Strait was named in his honor. Searching for a new route to the East Indies. Discovered the Tonga islands the Hoorn islands/Wallis&Fortuna and the Schouten islands.
  • Jan Carstensz - 1623: sails along the south coast of New Guinea and New Holland/Australia. Named Gulf of Carpentaria and discovers Arnhemland.
  • François Thijssen - 1626-1627: explored the southern coast of New Holland/Australia, mapping more than 1500 kilometres.
  • François Pelsaert - 1628-1629: famous as the commander of the ship Batavia, which ran aground in the Houtman Abrolhos off the coast of Western Australia.
  • Matthijs Quast - 1639: discovers the Bonin Islands and mapped the coasts of Japan in more detail than before.
  • Abel Janszoon Tasman - 1642-1643: discovers Tasmania, New-Zealand, the Fiji islands and visits the Tonga islands.
  • Maarten Gerritsz. de Vries - 1643: first European to sail on Hokkaido, the island of Sakhalin and the southern Kurilles (Staten island, Company island, De Vries Strait).
  • Abel Janszoon Tasman - 1644: reconnaisance of the northcoast of New Holland/Australia.
  • Abraham Cabeliau - 1560-1645: maps Venezuela, the three Guyana's and parts of Brazil.
  • Hendrick Hamel - 1653-1666: shipwrecked on Quelpaert eiland (Cheju-do), captured, after thirteen years, Hamel he managed to escape to Japan.
  • Simon van der Stel - 1685: leads an expedition going north from Cape of Good Hope.
  • Willem de Vlamingh - 1696-1697: explored the southwest coast of New Holland/Australia.
  • Jacob Weyland - 1705: reconnaissance of the nothern coasts of New-Guinea.
  • Jacob Roggeveen - 1721-1724: sails the Pacific in search of Terra Australis and discovers the Samoa islands and Paaseiland/Easter Island.
  • Samuel van der Putte - 1721-1745: travels over land to India, Tibet and China.


Geographical remains
  • New Zealand
  • Tasmania
  • Mauritius
  • Ile Amsterdam
  • Kaap Hoorn/Cape Horn
  • Paaseiland/Easter island (Chile)
  • Barentsz Sea
  • Tasman Sea
  • Delft island (Ceylon)
  • Goree (Goeree) island (Senegal)
  • Oranje river (South-Africa)
  • Robben island (South-Africa)
  • Mossel Bay (South-Africa)
  • Drakensbergen (South-Africa)
  • Van Diemen Strait (Japan)
  • Îles de Horne/Hoornse eilanden, Wallis/Fortuna (Pacific)
  • Cape Maria van Diemen (New Zealand)
  • Groote Eylant (Australia)
  • Arnhem land (Australia)
  • Cape Duyfken (Australia)
  • Van Diemen Sea (Australia)
  • Houtman rocks (Australia)
  • Cape Leeuwin (Australia) Wiki: Australian places with Dutch names list
  • Van Rees mountains (New-Guinea)
  • Schouten islands (New-Guinea)
  • Vogelkop/Cendrawaish mountain (New-Guinea)
  • Kaap Vals/Tanjung Vals (New-Guinea)
  • Muller/Schwaner mountains (Borneo)
  • New Amsterdam (Guyana)
  • Jost van **** island (British Virgin Islands)
  • Wilhelmina mountains (Suriname)
  • Juliana Top mountain (Suriname)
  • Van Asch-van Wijk mountains (Suriname)
  • Oranje mountains (Suriname)
  • Jan Mayen (Norway)
  • Bear island (Norway)
  • Spitsbergen/Svalbard (Norway)
  • Barentsburg - (Spitsbergen/Svalbard - Norway)
  • Verlegenhuken - (Spitsbergen/Svalbard - Norway)
  • Heerland - (Spitsbergen/Svalbard - Norway)
  • Ny Frislant (Spitsbergen/Svalbard - Norway)
  • Hinlopenstretet - (Spitsbergen/Svalbard - Norway)
  • City of Bluefields and Bluefield river (Nicaragua)
  • Blewfields Bay (Jamaica)
  • Vuurland/Terra del Fuego (Argentina)
  • Staten eiland/Isla de Los Estdos (Argentina)
  • Le Maire Strait (Argentina)
  • Bahia Nassau (Chile)
  • Isla Barnevelt (Chile)
  • Wall Street/Wal of Waalstraat (New York City)
  • Kromme Zee/Gramercy (New York City)
  • Breukelen/Brooklyn (New York City)
  • Vlissingen/Flushing (New York City)
  • Haarlem/Harlem (New YorkCity )
  • Nieuw Utrecht/New Utrecht (New York City)
  • Lange Eylant/Long Island (New York City)
  • Adriaen Blocks Eylant/Block Island (New York)
  • 't Greenwyck/'t Greenwijck - Greenwich (NY State)
  • Gravesant/Gravesend (NY State)
  • Boswyck/Bushwick (NY State)
  • Haverstroo/Haverstraw (NY State)
  • Heemstede/Hempstead (NY State)
  • Rood Eylant - Rhode Island
  • Schuylkill river - (Philadelphia) Wiki: Toponymy of the New Netherlands list
NB: And the non-geographical but famous word: 'Yankee' derived from Jan-Kees. :)




https://upload.wikimedia.org
Episode in the Anglo Dutch wars - The Four Days Battle.

Also read about: The Raid on Chatham: Great Britain's Pearl Harbour




List of colonies, factories and forts


North-America
(Dutch West India Co. operating area)

Canada
  • Jemseq - Nieuw-Brunswijk (Aug. 1674 - Sep. 1674)
  • Dutch Arcadia

United States of America
colony
Nieuw-Nederland/New Netherlands
* Capital: Nieuw-Amsterdam/New York City (1626-1664/1665-1667)
New York State:
* Fort Nassau (Castle Island)​
* Fort Nassau and Fort Oranje (present day Albany) (1615-1661/1673-1674)​
* Beverswijck, Beverwijck (Albany): Fort Beverwijck​
* Nieuw Amsterdam, Manhattos (New York): Fort Amsterdam​
* Rensselaerswijck (Rensselaer)​
* Colen Donck, Donck's heer land, Djoncksheerland/The Yonkers​
* Nieuw-Utrecht​
* Staten eiland/Staten island​
* Hastings, Newtown, Misput, Middelburg (Maspeth)​
* Wiltwyck, Sopus, Esopus (Kingston)​
* Rustdorp/Jamaica​
* Heemstede/Hempstead​
* Muscoota, Haarlem, Nieuw Haarlem/Harlem​
* Gravesand/Gravesend​
* Oostdorp, Westchester, Vreedland/Freedland​
* Vlissingen/Flushing​
* Nieuw-Amersfoort/Flatlands​
* Midwout/Flatbush​
* Boswijck/Bushwick​
* Breukelen/Brooklyn​
* Nieuw Dorp/Hurley​
Pennsylvania:
* Fort Beversreede (Philadelpia)​
* Fort Nya Korsholm​
Connecticut:
* Fort Goede Hoop (Hartford): Fort Goede Hoop, Fort Huis ter Hope​
Delaware:
* Prinseneiland, Moordenaarseiland (Murderer's Island, Prince's Island): Fort Wilhelmus.​
* Altona, Altena (Wilmington): Fort Christina, Fort Altena.​
* Blommaerts Kil, Horekil, Whorekill, Hoerenkill: Compagniesfort, Compagniesfort Whorekill.​
* Swaenendael/Lewes​
Maine:
* Pentagouet: 1674 - Sep. 1674.​
New Jersey:
* Fort Nassau (Gloucester)​
* Pavonia, Hoboken, Pavonia, Bergen (Jersey City)​
* Bommelerweert, Schoon Eylandt, Carrs Island, Juniosa Island, Hooge Eiland (Burlington Island)​



New Netherland, or Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch, was the 17th-century colonial province on the East Coast of North America of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The claimed territories were the lands from the Delmarva Peninsula to extreme southwestern Cape Cod. The settled areas are now part of the Mid-Atlantic States of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. The capital New Amsterdam (New York), was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan on upper New York Bay.The surrender of Fort Amsterdam to the British control in 1664 was formalized in 1667, contributing to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. In 1673 the Dutch re-took the area, but later ceded it (in return for Suriname) under the 1674 Treaty of Westminster ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War.​
Wiki Commons - New Netherlands colony




>x< Caribbean - Central America

(Dutch West India Co. operating area)

Puerto Rico
* San Juan de Puerto Rico (1625- 2 Nov. 1625 to Spain)​

The Dutch occupied only the town and the fort of Canuela in the bay entrance. The fort of Canuela is retaken by the Spanish after three weeks. The Morro Fortress remain in the Spanish hands.​

American and British Virgin Islands
* Sint Kruis (Saint Croix) Dutch east part- English west part (1625-1650)​
* Thortolleneiland (Tortola): WIC post - sugar (1648-1672)​
* Anegada: WIC post (16..-1680)​
* Saint Thomas (1657-1666-1672) Dutch capital: Taphuus (Charlotte-Amalie)​
* Virgin Gorda (1628-1680): WIC post.​
* Anguilla​

Kingdom of the Netherlands Netherlands Antilles and Aruba (Dutch West Indies)
* Aruba (1634-1805/1815 >>)​
* Curaçao (1634-1805/1815 >>)​
* Bonaire (1633-1805/1815 >>)​
* Sint Maarten (Ned.)/St. Martin (Fr.) (1620-1633/ 1644-1648 - treaty with the French to split the island - 1816 >>)​
* Sint Eustatius (1636 >>)​
* Saba (1620s/1640-1816 >>)​

The Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Nederlandse Antillen, Papiamentu: Antia Hulandes), also referred to informally as the Dutch Antilles, was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire (ABC Islands), in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten (SSS Islands), in the Leeward Islands southeast of the Virgin Islands. Aruba seceded in 1986 as a separate country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the rest of the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010, resulting in two new constituent countries, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, with the other islands (BES-islands) joining the Netherlands as "special municipalities", officially public bodies. The name 'Netherlands Antilles' is still sometimes used to indicate the islands which are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.​

Trinidad en Tobago
colony
Nieuw-Walcheren/Tobago (1628-1637/1654-1666/1667-1672/1676-1677)

* Fort Nieuw-Vlissingen​
* Fort Lampsinsberg​
* Fort Beveren​
* Fort Fort Bellavista​
* Fort Sterreschans​

In 1628 a Dutch ship with 68 colonists landed in the island (called by them Nieuw Walcheren). They founded a fort called Fort Flushing near today’s Plymouth. In 1629 and 1632 more ships arrived from Zeeland to strengthen the small Dutch settlement. The history of this first colony had a tragic conclusion on 1 January 1637 when a Spanish expedition destroyed the settlement and massacred the colonists. In September 1654, a Zeelandian expedition under Pieter Becquart founded a settlement at Lampsins Bay on the opposite side of the island. This new settlement was named Nieuw Flushing. The island was divided between the Dutch and the Courlanders. By 1658, 1.200 men peopled the Dutch colony. On 6 December 1677, a new French fleet totaling 21 ships under D’Estrées landed in Tobago. This marked the end of the Dutch attempts to make Tobago a permanent Dutch colony.​

Honduras
* Trujillo (15 Jul. 1633-20/21 Jul. 1633 to Spain)​
* Baai-eilanden​




>x< South-America

(Dutch West India Co. operating area)

Venezuela
* Caracas​
* Punta de Araya​
* Isla Tortuga (Dutch fort, 1668)​
* Unare​
* Aves island (Dutch claimed possession as part of the Netherlands Antilles)​

Colombia
* Santa Marta (16 Feb. 1630-21/22 Feb. 1630 to Spain)​

Dutch Guyana

colony Suriname (1667-1975)
* Capital - Paramaribo​
* Fort Zeelandia​
* Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam​
* Fort Sommelsdijk​
* Fort Piet Hein​
* Fort Para​

First colonization around 1650 by the English. Disputes arose between the Dutch and the English. In 1667, the Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of Suriname conquered from the English, resulting from the Treaty of Breda. The English were left with New Amsterdam, which later became New York City. Slavery was abolished by the Netherlands in Suriname in 1863, but the slaves in Suriname were not fully released until 1873, after a mandatory 10 year transition period during which time they were required to work on the plantations for minimal pay and without state sanctioned torture. As soon as they became truly free, the slaves largely abandoned the plantations where they had suffered for several generations, in favor of the city, Paramaribo. In 1973, the local government, led by the NPK (a largely Creole, meaning ethnically African or mixed African-European, party) started negotiations with the Dutch government leading towards full independence, which was granted on 25 November 1975.​

colony Dutch Guyana(1616-1814)
  • Essequibo (1616-1814)
  • Berbice (1627-1814)
  • Demerara (1752-1814)
  • Pomeroon
* Stabroeck (Georgetown - now capital of Guyana):​
* Ft. Ter Hooge, Huijs Ter Hooge (Essequibo)​
* Ft. Kijkoveral (Essequibo)​
* Fort Zeelandia (Essequibo)​
* Borsselen Eiland/Borslem Island)​
* Ephraim Post (Epira)​
* Forteiland, Vlaggeneiland/Flag Island)​
* Nieuw Amsterdam 1 (Fort Nassau)​
* Nieuw Amsterdam 2, Krabbeneiland/New Amsterdam)​
* Aquewayse Post​
* Arinda​
* Kartabo/Cartabo)​
* Cayouni Post​
* Concordia Post​
* Stevenburg Post, Concordia Post aan Canje River (Concordia Post)​
* Hardenbroek Post (Wikkie Kreek Post):​
* Huis Nabij​
* Post aan Moruka Kreek​
* Fort Nassau (Berbice)​
* Nieuw Middelburg​
* Fort Nova Zelandia​
* Redoute Samson (Brandwacht)​
* Savonette​
* Fort St. Andries​
* Post aan de Wironje Kreek (Post aan de Wiruni Creek)​
* Redoute bij Wironje Kreek​

Although Christopher Columbus sighted Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), the Dutch were the first to establish colonies: Essequibo (1616), Berbice (1627), and Demerara (1752). The British assumed control in the late 18th century, and the Dutch formally ceded the area in 1814.​

Guyana (French-Guyana) (1660-1664 en 1676)
* Fort Ceperou, S. Louis, Fort Cayenne (Cayenne)​
* Post at the Aprowaco, Post at the Aprouak​
* Post at the Wacogenive rivier​
* Mecoria Island​
* Post at the Wiapoco, Post at the Oyapoc, Post at the Oiapoque (Wiapoco)​

Brazil
colony
Dutch Brazil (1624-1654)
* capital: Mauritsstad: (Fort Ernestus, Fort Ernest, Fort Altena, Fort Waerdenburgh, Fort Driehoek)
* Recife: (Fort Bruyn/Fort do Brun, Fort Buraco, Fort S. Antonio do Buraco)​
* Frederiksstad​
* Boavista (Forte Cinco Pontas, Fort Vijfhoek, Fort Frederik Hendrik)​
* Fort Ghijsselingh​
* Itamaracà island, Tamaraca, Tamarica (Itamaracà): Fort Oranje​
* Schoppestad, Van Schoppe stad, Nossa Senhora da Conceicao (Vila Velha)​
* Fortaleza: Fort Schoonenburg, Fort Siara​
* Fort Waerdemburgh​
* Fort Ceulen/Reis Magos​
* Sao Salvador da Bahia (10 May 1624-30 Apr. 1625 to Portugal)​

Amazonas settlements (Amazone Delta):
* Fort Nassau​
* Fort Oranje​

Half of the Portuguese capitanias were taken. Bad policy and lack of vision by the Dutch West India Company after 40 years of Dutch rule eventually led to reinstatement of Portuguese rule.​


Wiki Commons

Chile
* Castro​
* Valdivia​
* Chiloë - 1643: Attempt to conquer the island and take it from the Spanish failed.​





>x< Africa

(Dutch East and West India Co. operating area)

Mauritania
* Arguin (1633-1678/1724-1728)​

Sierra Leone
* Tasso island (1664)​

Liberia
* Kaap Mount​
* Senegambia​

Senegal
* Portudal​
* Rufisque​
* Joal​
* colony Goree/Goeree island (Goede Reede) (1617-1663 / 1664-1677)​

Goldcoast

colony Dutch Goldcoast/Ghana (1598-1871)
* capital: Elmina (1635-1871)
* Fort Amsterdam (Ghana) (near Cormantin) (1665–1721/1785-1867 treaty with Engeland)​
* Fort Apollonia (16..-1768 / 1868-1872) (Cape Apollonia (Benyin))​
* Fort Batenstein (near Butri)(1656-1665/166..-1872)​
* Cape Coast Castle​
* Cabo Corço or Oguaa (Swedish name: Carolusborg of Carlsborg) (16 april 1659- May 1659/22 Apr. 1663 - 3 May 1664​
* Fort Conraadsburg, Fort de Veer (1810/1811), **Fort Naglas (1828), Fort Java (1828), Fort Scomarus (1828), Fort **Batenstein (1828). (28/9 Aug. 1637 - 6 april 1872)​
* Fort Crêvecoeur (Ussher Town (Accra)) (1649-1782/1786-1868)​
* Fort Elise Carthago (1650)​
* Fort Goede Hoop, (1667 or 1705/06 fort–1782/1785-1867/68)​
* Fort Hollandia(Poquefoe/Pokesu (Princess Town)) 1725 fort-1814/1818. 1687* - 1698/1711–1712/1732-1804 abandoned.​
* Fort bij Kpone: (1697 - Apr. 1700 / 1706-..)​
* Fort Leydsaamheyd (Fort Patience, near Apam) (1697/1698–1782/1785-1868)​
* Fort Metaal Kruis, near Dixcove (1868-1872)​
* Fort Nassau, near Mouri (16240 (1598 of 1611/12 – 1664/1665 – 1782/1785 - 1867 by treaty with Engeland)​
* Fort Oranje, near Sekondi (1640 of 1670/75-1872)​
* Fort Ruychaver (Jul./Aug. 1654-1659)​
* Fort Santo Antonio de Axim (Feb. 1642–1664/1665–1872)​
* Fort Elmina (capital)​
* Fort San Sebastian, near Shama (1637-1664/1664–1872)​
* Fort Singelenburgh, near Keta (..-1737)​
* Fort Vredenburgh, near Komenda (1688 fort–1782/1785–1872)​
* Fort Witsenn, near Takoradi​
* Sekondi (1782–1785)​
* Fort Komenda (1868-1872)​
* Cong/Cong-hights: -1659.​
* Anomabu (1640-1652)​
* Egya: (1647-../1663-1664)​
* Kumase (1837-1842/1848-1853/1859-1869)​
* Petit Popo of Popo (Anecho/Aneho) (1731-1760)​

Togo
* Klein-Popo (1731-1760)​

Benin
* Groot Popo (1680-..)​
* Ouidah (1670s. or 1687/1702-1724 or 1726)​
* Jaquim of Jakri (Godomey) Fort Zeelandia (1726–1734)​
* Offra (1675-1691)​
* Appa or Ardra (1732-1736)​
* Save (1660-..)​
* Allada (1660-..)​

Nigeria
* Benin (1705-1736)​
* Badagri (1737-1748)​
* Epe (1732-1755)​

Annobon (1641-../..-1778 Portuguese, 1778-1968 Spanish)

Sint Helena (1645-1659)

Sao Tomé and Principe
* Sao Tomé (1641-1648)​
* Principe (island) (1589)​

Equatorial-Guinea
*Corisco island (mandj): Factory (1642-1648 and 1680)​

Congo
* Loango (Boary) WIC trading post in ivory and copper (1648-1686 and 1721-1726)​
* Ngoyo or G'oy​

Gabon
* Mayumba (Majombo - Nyanga provice): factory​

Angola
* São Paulo de Luanda (Luanda) - Fort Aardenburgh (26 Aug. 1641-21/24 Aug. 1648)​
* Sao Felipe de Benguela: (Sept. 1641-1648)​
* Pinda of Mpinda (Soyo): factory (1641-1648)​
* Cambamba (Ensandeira island) - Fort Mols (1643-1648)​
* Malemba (Malembo) (1641-1648)​
* Cabinda (1641-1648)​


colony Kaapkolonie/South-Africa (1652-1802)
* Kaapstad (Cape Town) - capital established in 1652.
* Fort de Goede Hoop (built in 1633)​
* Stellenbosch​
* Swellendam​
* Graaf-Reynet​
* Paarl​
In 1647, a Dutch vessel was wrecked in the present-day Table Bay at Cape Town. The marooned crew, the first Europeans to attempt settlement in the area, built a fort and stayed for a year until they were rescued. Shortly thereafter, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) decided to establish a permanent settlement. The VOC, had no intention of colonising the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could shelter, and where hungry sailors could stock up on fresh supplies of meat, fruit, and vegetables. To this end, a small VOC expedition under the command of Jan van Riebeeck reached Table Bay on 6 April 1652. The British seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into the hands of Napoleonic France, then briefly relinquished it back to the Dutch (1803), before definitively conquering it in 1806. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Around 1800, the Dutch colony was 145.000 km2 and had 18.000 inhabitants.​


Namibia
* Walvisbaai and other areas (1793)​

Mozambique
*Delagoa Bay: Fort Lydsaamheid (1721-1730)​

Madagascar
* Antongilbaai​
* Fort Dauphin​

Réunion

colony
Mauritius (1638-1658 /1664-1710)
* Fort Frederik Hendrik​

Portuguese sailors first visited it in 1507 and established a visiting base leaving the island uninhabited. Five ships of the Dutch Second Fleet were blown off course during a cyclone while on their way to the Spice Islands and landed on the island in 1598, naming it in honor of Prince Maurice of Nassau, the Stadtholder of the Netherlands. In 1638, the Dutch established the first permanent settlement. Because of tough climatic conditions including cyclones and the deterioration of the settlement, the Dutch abandoned the island after nearly a century in 1710. When it was discovered, the island of Mauritius was the home of a previously unknown species of bird, which the Portuguese named the dodo, as they appeared to be not too bright. By 1681, all dodos had been killed by the settlers or by their domesticated animals. An alternate theory suggests that the imported wild boars that were set free destroyed the slow-breeding dodo population.​

Comoren
* Nzwani​

Nieuw-Amsterdam island/Île Amsterdam

This island was discovered by the Spanish explorer Juan Sebastián Elcano on March 18, 1522, along his first world circumnavigation. Elcano did not name the island, however. Having found the island unnamed, the Dutch captain Anthonie van Diemen named it Nieuw Amsterdam (Dutch for New Amsterdam) after his ship in 1633.​

Île St. Paul
The first detailed description of it (and possibly the first landing) was by Willem de Vlamingh in 1696.​



>x< Asia

(Dutch East India Co. operating area)

Yemen
* Mokka (1620-1757)​
* Aden (1614-1620)​
* Sihiri​

Oman
* Muskate (1674)​

Iraq
* Basra (1645-1646 / 1651-..)​

Iran (Persia)
* Isfahan (of Ispahan): trading post (1623-1747)​
* Bandar Abbas (of Gamron): trading post (1623-1766)​
* Kharg: Fort Mosselstein (1750-1766)​
* Band-e Kong (1665-1753)​
* Boesjir​
* Lar (caravan-stop between Isfahan and Bandar Abbas)​
* Kismus​
* Kerman (trading post)​
* Sjiraas (trading post)​

Pakistan
* Sindi (1652-1660)​

India

Dutch India 1605–1825

colony * Suratte 1616-1795
* Agra. (1621-1720)​
* Burhanpur​
* Ahmadabad (1617-1744)​
* Bharuch​
* Vengurla (1637-1685)​

Malabar (Southwest coast of India)
* Cranganore of Cranganor (Kodungallor) (1662)​
* Cochin de Cima (Pallipuram) (1661)​
* Cochin, Cochin de Baixo or Santa Cruz (1663)​
* Quilon (Coylan) (1661)​
* Cannanore (1663-1790)​
* Kundapura (1667-1682)​
* Kayankulam (ca. 1645)​
* Ponnani (ca. 1663)​

Coromandel (Eastcoast of India)
* Golkonda (1662-1733)​
colony * Bimilipatnam, (1687-1795/ 1818-1825)​
colony * Jaggernaikpoeram (now Kakinada) (1734 –1795/1818-1825)​
* Daatzeram (now Drakshawarama) (1633-1730)​
* Nagelwanze (1669-1687)​
colony * Palikol (1613-1781/ 1785-1795/1818-1825)​
* Masulipatnam (1605-1756)​
* Petapoeli (Nizampatnam) (1606-1668)​
colony * Paliacatta (now Pulicat) (1610-1781/1785-1795/1805-1825)​
colony * Sadras (1654-1757/1785-1795/1818-1825)​
* Tierepopelier (now Thiruppapuliyur) (1608-1625)​
* Tegenapatnam, Kudalur (now Cuddalore) (1647-1758)​
colony * Porto Novo (now Parangippettai) (1608-1825)​
* Negapatnam (1658-1781)​
* Malediven - Tuticorin of Tutucorim (1658)​
* Travancore​

colony * Hougli/Chinsura (1656-1814)​
In 1656 the Dutch East India Company erected a factory on the site of the town, on a healthy spot of ground, much preferable to that on which Kolkata (Calcutta) is situated. At that point Kolkata was the principal Dutch settlement in Bengal (although not known by the name) used as a base for the Dutch intra-asian opium trade. In 1795, during the Napoleonic wars, the settlement was occupied by a British garrison. At the peace of 1814 it was restored to the Dutch. It was among the cessions in India made by the king of the Netherlands in 1825 in exchange for the British possessions in Sumatra.​

Bangladesh (Bengalen)
* Pipely (1635-..)​
* Baleshwar/Bellasoor, (1676-..)​
* Murshidabad​
* Dhaka​

Maldives (1645-1796)

In the mid-seventeenth century, the Dutch, who had replaced the Portuguese as the dominant power in Ceylon, established hegemony over Maldivian affairs without involving themselves directly in local matters, which were governed according to centuries-old Islamic customs.​
colony Sri Lanka (Ceylon) (1658-1796)

The king of Kandy Rajasinghe II made a treaty with the Dutch in 1638 to get rid of the Portuguese who ruled most of the coastal area of the island. In 1638 the Dutch attacked in earnest but ended with an agreement (which was disrespected by both parties), and not until 1656 that Colombo fell. By 1660 the Dutch controlled the whole island except the kingdom of Kandy. A mixed Dutch-Sinhalese people known as Burgher peoples are the legacy of Dutch rule. During the Napoleonic Wars Great Britain, fearing that French control of The Netherlands might deliver Sri Lanka to the French, occupied the coastal areas of the island (which they called Ceylon) with little difficulty in 1796. In 1802 by the Treaty of Amiens the Dutch part of the island was formally ceded to Britain, and became a crown colony.​
* Fort Galle (Barstions: Zon, Maan, Ster, Zwart) - Before the Dutch took Colombo from the Portuguese, Galle was their headquarters.​
* Fort Batticaloa (1638)​
* Fort Frederik​
* Fort Ostenburg​
* Fort Matara - Redoute Van Eck (built from 1763-1765)​
* Fort Tangalle​
* Fort Hammenhiel​
* Fort Pooneryn (1770)​


Birma
* Baungdwet, Baung Dwet (Bandel) Arakan (Mrauk-U): trading office ca.1608-1631 1634- ?.​
* Arakan (Mandalay): 1625-1665​
* Siriam, Siriangh (Syriam): trading office 1635-1679​
* Ava: trading office (ca. 1635-1679)​
* Pegu: trading office.​
* Martavaan/Martaban:trading office 1660-..)​
* Arakan: trading office 1625-1665)​

Thailand (Siam)
* Ayutthaya: factory (1613-1767)​
* Patani/Pattani (1602-1623)​
* Singora/Songkhla (1607-1623)​
* Ligor/Ligoor- Nakhon Si Thammarat (..-1756)​
* Oedjang Salang/Phuket​
* Bangkok: factory - warehouse 'Amsterdam'.​

Cambodia
* Ponomping (Phnom Penh)​
* Laauweck/Lawek​

Malaysia
* colony Malakka (Malay peninsula)​
* Koela Linggi/Kuala Linggi: Fort Philippina.​
* Salangoor/Kuala Selangor: Fort Altingburg, Fort Utrecht.​

In 1641 the Dutch defeated the Portuguese to capture Malacca with the help of the Sultan of Johore. The Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance to Batavia (Jakarta) in Indonesia as their administrative centre. However they still left impressive architectural heritage and one can still find many people from Dutch descendance. Malacca was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 in exchange for Bencoolen on Sumatra.​
Singapore
The Dutch East India Co controlled the Sultan of Johor - who controlled the island of Singapore​

Indonesia
colony
Dutch East Indies (Nederlands Oost-Indië)/Indonesia. From 1602 - December 27, 1949* 1968*[/B]
* Capital: Batavia/Jakarta (1619-1963)​
* Surabaya​
* Bandung​
* Yogjakarta​
* Malang​
* Semarang​
* Tegal​
* Cheribon​
* Makassar (Celebes)​
* Medan (Sumatra)​
* Padang (Sumatra)​
* Palembang (Sumatra)​
* Pontianak (Borneo)​
* Banjarmasin (Borneo)​
The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, was the Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia. During the 19th century, Dutch possessions in the archipelago and its hegemony were expanded, reaching their greatest extent in the early 20th century. Traditional rulers who survived the colonial military conquests were installed as regents and indigenous aristocracy became an indigenous civil service. They were placed under a Dutch hierarchy of Dutch officials; the Residents, the Assistant Residents, and District Officers. This indirect rule did not disturb the peasantry and was cost-effective for the Dutch; in 1900, only 250 European and 1,500 indigenous civil servants, and 16,000 Dutch officers and men and 26,000 hired native troops, were required to rule 35 million colonial subjects. From 1910, the Dutch created the most centralised state power in Southeast Asian history with the capital in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).​

colony Netherlands New-Guinea (1882-1969)
* Capital: Hollandia, now Jayapura (1952-1963)​
(Netherlands New Guinea refers to the West Papua region while it was an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1969. Until 1949 it was a part of the Netherlands Indies. It was commonly known as Dutch New Guinea. It is currently Indonesia's province Irian Jaya). The Netherlands retained New Guinea when Indonesia became independent in 1949. The arguments of the Dutch government for this changed repeatedly over time. Starting in 1962, under pressure from the international community and under threat of armed conflict with Indonesia, the Netherlands relinquished control and a series of events led to the eventual official annexation of New Guinea in 1969 to Indonesia.​




>x< East-Asia

(Dutch East India Co. operating area)

Vietnam (Tonkin/Annam)
* Ke-cho (Hanoi): trading office (1636-1699)​
* Faifo, Pheypho (Hoi An): 1636-1741.​
China
* Kwantoeng, Canton (Guangzhou, Kanton): trading office (1749-1803)​
* Whampoa (Huangpu): warehouse (ca. 1728-..)​
* Hockzieuw, Hoksieu (Fuzhou): trading office (..-1681)​
* Xiamen​
* Hainan​
* Macau​
Pescadores islands (1620-1624)
After the attempt to conquer Macao in 1622, the Dutch settled in the Pescadores islands (building a fort in Makung) between Formosa and China. In 1624 a Chinese attack compelled them to move on nearby Formosa.​
colony Formosa/Taiwan (1624-1662)
* Fort Zeelandia​
* Saccam: Fort Provintia, Fort de Provintieën​
In 1624, the Dutch established a commercial base on Taiwan and began to import workers from Fujian and Penghu (Pescadores) as laborers, many of whom settled. They made Taiwan a colony with its colonial capital at Tayoan City (present day Anping, Tainan). The military presence was concentrated at a stronghold called Castle Zeelandia. Chinese naval and troop forces of Southern Fujian defeated the Dutch in 1662, subsequently expelling the Dutch government and military from the island after they ruled for 38 years.​
Japan:
* trade monopoly Deshima, Decima (Nagasaki): (1641-1857)​
* trade monopoly Firando (Hirado): (trading office, 1609-1641)​




>x< Oceania

(Dutch East India Co. operating area)

discovered in 1606 * Nieuw-Holland/Australia - Capt. Willem Janzoon on the Duyfken; First European to set foot on Australian soil.

discovered in 1616 * Tonga islands - Capt. Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire.
The Tongan people first encountered Europeans in 1616 when the Dutch vessel Eendracht made a short visit to the islands to trade - with Dutch explorers Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire (who called on the northern island of Niuatoputapu) and in 1643 with Abel Tasman (who visited Tongatapu and Ha'apai).​
discovered in 1642 * Tasmanië/Tasmania - Capt. Abel Jansz. Tasman - named it 'Van Diemensland', later the English named it after him.

discovered in 1642 * Nieuw-Zeeland/New-Zealand - Capt. Abel Jansz. Tasman - no futher colonization but temporary settlement.

discovered in 1643 * Fiji - Capt. Abel Jansz. Tasman.

discovered in 1722 * Paaseiland/Easter Island - Capt. Jacob Roggeveen on 5 april (Easter sunday)

discovered in 1722 * Samoa - Capt. Jacob Roggeveen.




>x< Europe

Norway
discovered in 1596
* Spitsbergen/Svalbard - whaling colony with many settlements.

Willem Barentsz made the first indisputable discovery of Spitsbergen/Svalbard in 1596, in an attempt to find the Northern Sea Route. From 1611, Spitsbergen became a base for whaling. Smeerenburg was one of the first settlements, established by the Dutch in 1619. Smaller bases were also built by the English, Danish and French. At first the outposts were merely summer camps, but from the early 1630s, a few individuals started to overwinter. Whaling at Spitsbergen lasted until the 1820s, when the Dutch, British and Danish whalers moved elsewhere in the Arctic.​
discovered in 1596 * Bear island/Bjørnøya - discovered by the Dutch explorers Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerk on 10 June 1596.

discovered in 1607 * Jan Mayen
In January the Noordsche Compagnie (Northern Company), modelled on the Dutch East India Company, had been established to support Dutch whaling in the Arctic. Two of its ships reached Jan Mayen in July 1614. The captains of these ships—Jan Jacobszoon May van Schellinkhout on the Gouden Cath (Golden Cat) and Jacob de Gouwenaer on the Orangienboom (Orange Tree) —named it Mr. Joris Eylant after the Dutch cartographer Joris Carolus who was on board and mapped the island. But later it was named after the captain. Jan Mayen first appeared on Willem Jansz Blaeu’s 1620 edition map of Europe, originally published by Cornelis Doedz in 1606. He named it Jan Mayen after captain Jan Jacobszoon May of the Amsterdam-financed Gouden Cath, perhaps because he[who?] was by that time based in Amsterdam.​

Russia
explored in 1594
* Nova Zembla
Explorer Willem Barents reached the west coast of Novaya Zemlya in 1594 (and gave it it's name) and in a subsequent expedition of 1596.​
discovered in 1643 * Sachalin (Capt. Maarten Gerritszoon de Vries - first European to make an account)

discovered in 1643 * Koerillen/Kuriles (Capt. Maarten Gerritszoon de Vries - first European to make an account)
In the summer of 1643, the ship Castricum sailed by the southern Kuril Islands, visiting Kunashir, Iturup (named 'Staten Island', and Urup, which they named 'Company Island' and claimed it for the Dutch Republic. The ship passed between the islands of Iturup and Urup, the strait between the islands being later named 'De Vries Strait' after its discoverer, and entered the Sea of Okhotsk.​

Belgium (1815-1830) - In this period Belgium was incorporated in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.





Check this excellent website for more info: www.colonialvoyage.com :eek:kay:​


****​


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#2 · (Edited)

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Palaces


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Buitenzorg Palace / Istana Bogor - 1744

Bogor, Indonesia



The original palace was built in 1744 as a country retreat for the Dutch Governors. This building was substantially expanded over the century but greatly damaged by an earthquake in 1834, triggered by the volcanic eruption of Mount Salak. The palace was rebuilt into its present form in 1856 - this time with only one story instead of the original three, as a precaution against further earthquakes. Till 1942, Buitenzorg Palace served as the official residence of the Dutch Governors-General. After the Indonesian independence, the palace was used by President Sukarno, but then largely neglected by Suharto when he came to office. The grounds of the estate contain several buildings - the largest of which is the main palace and its two wings.

The Palace is surrounded by the largest and most famous botanical gardens of South-East Asia. An area of 284,000 square metres (28.4 hectares). The garden was built by Governor-General Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff. The extensive grounds of the presidential palace were later converted into a botanical garden by the German-born Dutch botanist, Professor Casper George Carl Reinwardt. The gardens officially opened in 1817 as 's Lands Plantentuin ('National Botanical Garden') and were used to research and develop plants and seeds from other parts of the Indonesian archipelago for cultivation during the 19th century. This is a tradition that continues today and contributes to the garden's reputation as a major center for botanical research.Today the garden contains more than 15,000 species of trees and plants located among streams and lotus ponds. There are 400 types of exceptional palms to be found along the extensive lawns and avenues, helping the gardens create a refuge for more than 50 different varieties of birds and for groups of bats roosting high in the trees.


Picture by Malik_Braun at Flickr


aerocristobal's photostream on Flickr


Picture by Dennis Ardon on Flickr


Picture by Dennis Ardon on Flickr



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Wiki Commons


Koningsplein Palace / Istana Merdeka - 1875

Jakarta, Indonesia



Istana Merdeka and Istana Negara is part of a palace complex in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. At first there was only one building in this complex, the Weltevreden Palace (Istana Negara). The Weltevreden Palace was originally built as the residence for a Dutch businessman, J. A. van Braam. Rijswijk and Molenvliet (presently known as Harmonie), the location chosen as the time was the most exclusive neighborhood in Weltevreden area, the New Batavia. During its early years, only the State Palace stood in this complex.

The government used this building as the center of all administration and as the official residence of the Governor-General during a stay in Batavia, in occasion of events such as the Indies Council Meeting held every Wednesday. The Governor-Generals preferred to live in Bogor Palace in Bogor, due to the cooler and more adaptable temperatures in the hillsides of Bogor. The mansion of van Braam was bought due because of a need for the Dutch government to centralize power. However, Daendels Palace (currently Ministry of Finance) in Lapangan Banteng (formerly known as Waterloo Square) was not completed yet.

Upon the completion of Daendels Palace, plans to centralize power changed, and the mansion of van Braam officially became the residency of the governor-general, and Daendels Palace housed administrative buildings. Hotel van den Gouverneur-Generaal (Hotel of the Governor-General) became the official name of the van Braam mansion. During the Colonial era, important events took place in this building. Some of which include the declaration of the cultuur stensel system by the Governor Graaf van den Bosch, and the ratification ceremony of the Lingarjati Treaty on March 25, 1947.

During mid-19th century, the palace does not suffice the accommodation of its administrative purposes, and under orders from J.W. van Lansberge, a new building that today become the Koningsplein Palace (Merdeka Palace) was built within the complex in 1873 during the Governor General Loudon administration, and finished in 1879 during Governor General Johan Willem van Landsberge administration. This neoclasical building, designed by Drossares, was built in southern part of the complex directly facing Koningsplein (now Merdeka Square).


Wiki Commons



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Wiki Commons


Daendels or Waterlooplein Palace - 1809

Jakarta, Indonesia



Construction of this architectural gem was commissioned by Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels. As a governor general, Daendels stimulated the move southwards of Batavia; the densely populated walled city was unhealthy and many inhabitants suffered from malaria and cholera. The area of Weltevreden, several kilometres south of Batavia, originally a country estate, was developed and would turn into a highly fashionable area. Halfway Batavia and Weltevreden, the new accommodation for the club Harmonie was constructed.

In Weltevreden, on the Paradeplaats, a new Government House was erected; since Daendels did not wish to inhabit the old country estate (known as the Van der Parra estate), officially assigned to the governors general. The Government House is a building constructed in the period 1809-1827 in Batavia, ‘capital’ of the Dutch colony in the East-Indies. Construction was ordered by governor general H.W. Daendels (1808-1811) and completed by governor general L.P.J. du Bus de Ghisignies (1826-1830).

The building has been preserved and is located on present Lapangan Banteng, Jakarta Pusat, which was known in the nineteenth century as Paradeplaats and since 1828 as Waterlooplein. Modelled in the Empire style, the proportionate Witte Huis (White House) measures 160 meters lengthwise. The pillars on the first story are Doric, whereas those on the second level are Ionic in style. In the past, the building hosted many state functions and even served as a post office, a printing office and a high court. Today, it houses the Indonesian Ministry of Finance.

Read more on this subject: master thesis Art History - mrs. M. van Reenen



Picture by fkmdepkeu at Flickr



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https://upload.wikimedia.org


Tjipanas/Cipanas Palace - 1890

Cipanas, Java, Indonesia



Apart from the hot springs, Cipanas was also a hill station for the Dutch East Indies Governor-Generals, as it was a popular getaway from the intense heat and humidity from the low-lying lands (including Jakarta itself). It is best known by the Istana Cipanas complex, a residence for former Dutch Governor Generals of the Dutch East Indies, and a country retreat of former President Sukarno. Out of interest in the local hot springs, during the administration of Dutch East India Company Governor General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff (1743-1750), a health building was constructed near a hot spring. The palace was used by Commissioner-Generals Du Bus de Gisignies, Count van Hoogendorp (1820-1841), Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811) and Thomas Stamford Raffles, who would later become the founder of colonial. During their terms, they employed hundreds of workers in plantations around the palace. Cibodas was also well know for its botanical gardens - as a satellite of the famous Botanical gardens at Buitenzorg/Bogor.


https://1.bp.blogspot.com



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Wiki Commons


Governors Palace - 1700

Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles



Palace of the Governor built in 1700, expanded in 1765 and still in service for the Governor of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


Wiki Commons


https://upload.wikimedia.org



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Wiki Commons


Governors Palace - 1730

Paramaribo, Suriname



This palace of the Governor General, now presidential palace, was built in its recent form in 1730 by governor-generaal De Cheusses. It's surrounded by a palm-garden.


Picture by Hornplayer at Flickr



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WikiMedia Commons


Governors Palace or Stadhuys - 1641

Malacca, Malaysia



The most imposing relic of the Dutch period in Melaka is the massive red town hall and governors' residence, built between 1641 and 1660. It displays all the typical features of Dutch colonial architecture. Today the Stadthuys houses the musty but informative History and Ethnography Museum. The first governor appointed to Malacca was Jan van Twist and the Dutch began building the Stadthuys to serve as the residency for the new governor as well as an administration centre and town hall. The Stadthuys was raised on the very same spot where the Portuguese governorÂ’s house had been, which was too badly damaged to be of any use to the Dutch. Its construction was carried out by skilled Javanese and Chinese craftsmen. The Stadthuys of Malacca is a reproduction of the former Stadhuis (town hall) of the Dutch town of Hoorn. However, the former Stadhuis of Hoorn only existed from 1420 until 1796. - Read more


Picture by par Sheep"R"Us at Flickr

The Governor's Museum, also known as Muzium Yang Di-Pertua Negeri or Muzium Tuan Yang Terutama, is one of the many museums in Malacca. Formerly called Seri Melaka, the museum is housed in the former official residence and office of the Dutch Governor of Malacca on St Paul's Hill. The building was used as the official residence of the Tuan Yang Terutama, which is the title of the governor, until September 1996. The museum showcases the personal belongings of the various governors of Malacca since independence, beginning with the first Governor of Malacca, Tun Leong Yew Koh.



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https://upload.wikimedia.org


Governors Palace - 1744

Cochin, Kerala, India



Bolgatty Palace built by the Dutch in India, Bolgatty Palace is located in the scenic island popularly known as Bolgatty island in Kochi, Kerala. Built in 1744 and was later extended and lush green gardens were landscaped around it. The building was then the Governor's palace for the Dutch and later to the British.


Picture by anil aravind at Flickr - Palace of the Governor in Cochin, India - now Bolgatty Palace



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rangandatta.files.wordpress.com

Governors Residence - 17th century

Chinsurah, Bengal, India



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Picture by by Shevantha at Flickr


Governors Palace - 17th century

Colombo, Sri-Lanka


Built during the second half of the 17th century as the residence of Count August van Ranzow, the Dutch East India Company's governor in Colombo, this attractive old building at 95 Prince Street is one of the few surviving remnants of Colombo's Dutch colonial heritage - now Sri Lanka Dutch Era Museum.



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Governors Palace

Colombo, Sri-Lanka


https://upload.wikimedia.org - Dutch National Archives - Front of Governor's House Colombo ca. 1687



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https://upload.wikimedia.org


Governors Palace - 1684

Fort Galle, Sri Lanka


This building was built in 1684 for Dutch governors; more likely it housed both the garrison officers and the VOC Commandeur, as by this date the Dutch seat of government had shifted from Galle to Colombo, finally captured from the Portuguese in 1656. In 1684, the Commandeur of Galle was one Nicolaas van der Meulen. The lower billiard room of what is now the New Oriental Hotel (NOH) - now sadly damp and crumbling - bears the date 1686. Galle was always a major Dutch military base: in 1695 Christopher Langhan stated that "generally a garrison of 200 men is stationed here".

By as early as 1667, as a transhipment port Galle had become second only to Batavia on Java as the VOC's main commercial centre in its Asian dominions. Directly adjoining the NOH to the north on its Church Street side is the single-storied former Dutch Commissariat store, a relatively modest structure built circa 1656 and since 1986 the home of the Dutch Museum. Like the multi-cultural Dutch colonial society that created them, the NOH and other surviving VOC-era buildings in Galle Fort are not really typical Dutch, but rather combine a mix of Dutch/European and Asiatic influences. A classic example of this architectural ambivalence is the Grote Kerk, the Dutch Reformed Church, standing just south of the NOH on the other side of Middle Street, which was completed in 1754.

Read more: Preserving the Spirit of a Forgotten World -Anecdotal glimpses of the New Oriental Hotel, Galle Fort by J. Simpson




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Wiki Commons


Governors Palace or The Tuynhuys - 1700

Kaapstad/CapeTown, Zuid Afrika/South-Africa


Palace of the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company in the Cape Colony/South-Africa, built in 1700. The building was renovated and enlarged numerous times until 1751 when it was first recorded that the building was being used as a summer residence by the Governor, a custom which the historical record seems to bear out for all the Dutch Governors that century. By 1790 the building was known as The Governor's House in the Company's Gardens ('Het Governiurs Huys in de Compagnies Tuyn') and by this time - as reflected in the drawings of Josephus Jones circa 1790 - the gardens side of the building already had its rococo balusters with its stucco drapes and Greco-roman sculptures. From a design perspective, the building, incorporating both Louis XVI-style Neo-classicism and Baroque elements, was influenced by 18th Century Dutch and Dutch East Indies architecture of the time. Similar facades, windows, doors and fanlights can be seen in Colonial buildings built in the same period in places such as Amsterdam and Batavia (modern-day Jakarta).


https://upload.wikimedia.org
 
#3 ·
Mooie serie.

Je hebt alleen het sterretje achter (henry?) Hudson vergeten betekenis te geven. Hoewel ik het al denk te weten, namelijk dat Hudson een Engelsman in Nederlandse dienst is. Hij was trouwens ook de ondekker van Nieuw Amsterdam (New York) voor degenen die het nog niet wisten.

Mijn leraar die als hobbie boeken repareren heeft had mij een keer een bosatlas laten zien uit het jaar 1900. Daar stond nog een wereldkaart in van de koloniën van heel Europa. Met kleurtjes voor elk land.
 
#5 · (Edited)

Pat L.314's photostream on Flickr



Willemstad

Curacao, Netherlands Antilles

1634-1805/1815 - today part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands




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Palace of the Governor

The palace is on the same spot where the first fort was built in 1635. In the subsequent two years, the first dwelling of the representative of the West India Company, the Director, was added to it. This precursor of the Government’s Palace was a two-storied wooden building, for which most of the material had been brought from Amsterdam. Not much later, the wooden building was replaced by a stone residence which forms the core of the present Palace. In 1765, the extension took place with an open gallery on the harbor side and the building remained in this state for approximately a hundred years



Fort Amsterdam

Strategically built on the point (Punda) of the eastern finger of land at the harbor entrance. Fort Amsterdam was named after the Chamber of Amsterdam, a department of the Netherlands West Indies Co, which was in charge of the administration of Curaçao. This fort was built in 1635. Fort Amsterdam was the most important of Curaçao's eight forts, and is included in UNESCO's list of World Heritage sites. Embedded in its southwest wall is a cannonball fired by Captain Bligh's troops. Today the complex houses the Governor's residence, the Ministry, several government offices, and the United Protestant Church, which includes a museum.




Penha building

Built in 1708, surrounded by Heerenstraat, Breedestraat and Handelskade, with the ridge perpendicular to Breedestraat. Three storeys with roof, covered with red pantiles. The "Penha" Building is a typical example of Iberian influences in basically Dutch architecture. The building is heavily decorated and the top gables are an abundant interpretation of the Dutch bell-gable. The building is restored in 1956






woutvandendool's photostream on Flickr - Mikve Israël Synagogue

The Mikvé Israel-Emanuel Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת מקווה ישראל-עמנואל‎), in Willemstad, Curaçao, is the oldest synagogue in the Americas. It is commonly known as the Snoa (short for esnoga, an old Portuguese word for synagogue). The community (congregation Mikvé Israel) dates from the 1650s, and consisted of Spanish and Portuguese Jews from the Netherlands and Brazil. In the nineteenth century there was a breakaway Reform community (Emanu El); the two merged to form the present community in 1964. The community is now affiliated to Reconstructionist Judaism. The first synagogue building was purchased in 1674; the current building dates from 1730. The other Netherlands Antilles island with a historical synagogue is Sint Eustatius, where the ruins of the Honen Dalim synagogue of 1739 still stand impressively on the 'Synagoge Pad.'



Picture by cphoffman42 - St.Anna Basilica, Otrabanda.

Founded in 1752, Otrabanda's Basilica Santa Ana was elevated to basilica and co-cathedral status by Pope Paul VI in 1975. The basilica also served as a pro-cathedral between 1843 and 1958.





cphoffman42's photostream on Flickr - Breedestraat


Picture by Photocapy at Flickr - Queen Juliana bridge
 
#6 · (Edited)

jen JOHAN's photostream - De Javasche Bank/Bank Indonesia


Batavia/Jakarta

Java, Indonesia

Capital of the Dutch East Indies from 1619-1949 (330 years).


In 1610, the Dutch East India Co was granted permission to build a trading post on Java island, close to the javanese city of Jayakatra. After a conflict with the local powers, Jan Pietersz. Coen founded the city of Batavia in 1619. He built the city on the ruins of the destroyed city of Jayakatra.
Long before Calcutta or Singapore were developed, this city was one of the largest and weathiest cities in the East. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city inhabited 50.000 people. In the second half of the 19th centuty, the city had 100.000 inhabitaints and at the end of the Dutch colonial rule in 1950, the city had 1 million inhabitants.






Stadhuis/TownHall, built from 1707-1710/now museum Fatahillah.
Former City Hall of Batavia, known in the past as Stadhuis. This building was the administrative headquarters of the Dutch East India Company, and later of the Dutch Colonial Government. The current building was constructed in 1707 by the city government, replacing the former city hall built in 1627. Governor General Abraham van Riebeeck inaugurated it in 1710.

The building contains 37 ornate rooms. There are also some cells located beneath the front portico which were used as dungeons. A Javanese freedom fighter Prince Diponegoro, who was arrested, was imprisoned here in 1830 before being banished to Manado, North Sulawesi. Another freedom fighter earlier imprisoned here around 1670 was Untung Suropati from East Java.

The building is located in front of a public square, which in the past was known as Stadhuisplein, the City Hall Square. The square is now known as Fatahillah Square (Indonesian: Taman Fatahillah). In the center of the square is a fountain which was used as a water supply during colonial era. The square was also used as the place of executions.

In 1970, the Fatahillah Square was declared a Cultural Heritage. The Jakarta History Museum was inaugurated on March 30, 1974 as the center for collection, conservation and research for all kinds of objects of cultural heritage related to the history of the City of Jakarta.






Supreme Court, built in 1870, now Museum Seni Rupa





Willemskerk/Gereja Immanuel, Built from 1835-1839. Protestant church (now Lutheran)





Post Office in the old town/Kantor Pos Kota



Cathedral/Gereja Kathedral

Cathedral I is situated at Weltervreden and baptized at February 1810. In 1826, this church was burned into ashes. Then Cathedral II was established on February 1830. In 1882, added two towers in the front of the church. But again, the beautiful church became ruins on May 1890. In 1891, a new church was built. On April 21, 1901 the church was officially opened.





De Javasche Bank/Bank Indonesia

Built by Cuypers en Hulswit, built in 1909 - The Amsterdam architect Eduard Cuypers, a younger nephew of Piere Cuypers, was the founder and name giver of the most successful commercial architectural office in the first decades of the twentieth century.

It was the director of the board of the Javasche Bank (later Bank Indonesia) who asked him to travel to the Indies in 1909 and he convinced him to establish a second office in Batavia. Eduard Cuypers was asked by the Bank for the design of several bank buildings. Eduard Cuypers lived and stayed in Amsterdam and in Batavia office he associated him self with Marius Hulswit and in 1910 the technical engineer A.A. Fermont joint in. The building, in Jakarta-kota, the 'Javasche Bank', was finished in 1910 and until 1929 the architectural office realized 14 buildings for this bank firm.


restuwibowo's photostream


teradaz's photostream


Martinguibz's photostream


Vml Chartered Bank




Nationaal Museum
Museum van het Bataviaasch Genootschap, gebouwd in 1862, nu Nationaal Museum van Jakarta. Dit zijn twee gebouwencomplexen met binnenhoven.








Museum Tekstil


Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (NHM)/Bank Mandiri
Gebouwd in 1929


hakase3000's photostream
Typisch Nederlandse ophaalbrug uit 1628



Landhuis Reinier de Klerk
Gebouwd in 1760, nu Nationaal Archief/Arsip Nasional.






Stadsschouwburg/Gedung Kesenian




Gereja Ayam


Mangiwau's photostream
De Nederlandse erebegraafplaats Menteng Pulo in Jakarta.




Kantoor NV. De Bouwploeg (1910)


Medische Hogeschool / Universitas Indonesia - Fakultas Kedokteran


Wajang museum
Wayang Museum, built yr. 1640: Dutch 'Old' Church, re-constructed yr. 1732: Dutch 'New' Church.


khunhans' photostream
Dutch Art Society building (Kunstkring)
Has been transformed into a restaurant and bar recently. Before that it was used to house the Immigration department for central Jakarta.


REKANBUMI's photostream


The National Gallery of Indonesia

building which located in Koningsplein Cost No. 14 (now Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 14. Jakarta Pusat), founded in the year 1902.


Station/stasiun Kota




De Uitkijk


Paleis Weltevreden/Istana Merdeka


Bijgebouw Paleis Weltevreden


Daendels Paleis, Jalan Lapangan Banteng Timur


Volksraad/Gedung Pancasila
Gebouwd in 1835, aan het vml Hertogspark; nu Ministerie van BZ.


Lembaga Biologi Molekul Eijkman (Biomoleculair Instutuut Eijkman)




Huis van Raden Saleh/Museum nasional sejalah


Ziekenhuis St. carolus (1919)
Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is located at Jalan Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta. The building was built in around 1919 until 1926 with European architectural design. At first, the name of the hospital was Central Burgerlijke Ziekeninriching and commonly known as CBZ. Now the hospital status is Central Public Hospital (RSUP/RSCM). The historical aspect of the hospital is the health concern from the colonial government especially towards the natives.




KPM, 1918 (Koninklijke Pakketvaart Maatschappij)


Hoofdpost&telegraaf kantoor/Kantor Pos




by meneer_nl
Aerial of Station Kota on the left.
 
#7 · (Edited)

Javasche Bank, now Bank Indonesia, Jalan Braga. Architect: Thomas Karsteen, built in 1931.


Bandoeng/Bandung

Java/Indonesia




St.Petruskathedraal.
Ir. Charles Proper Wolff Schoemaker commissioned this cathedral in 1921. Located on Jalan Merdeka no. 14.


Palace of the Dutch resident (governor).
Gedung Pakuan (Pakuan Building), built in 1864 and finished in 1866. The architectural style is 'Indische Empire Stijl' (Gaya Empire Hindia). Now is used as West Java Governour residential.






aetna


Savoy Homann Hotel
Sovoy Homann Hotel, has been maintained as the city's landmark hotel. The oldest part of the hotel dates back 1880. In 1938 the Savoy Homann got its new design, the classic Art Deco design. Some of the rooms have been left in original state, and offer the unique experience of staying in exactly the same room that Charlie Chaplin stayed in 1925.


dhannykusnadi
The Art-Deco-style Preanger Hotel.
The famous Preanger Hotel of Bandung, first built in the 1880s and subsequently redesigned with Art Deco flourishes in the 1920s by the famed architect, Professor Wolfe Shoemaker. The young Sukarno who was his student at the Technische Hogeschool (now Institut Teknologi Bandung), is believed to have assisted Shoemaker in the endeavour. The hotel was renovated again in the 1980s.


Gedung Merdeka
Built in 1895 for a club house for rich people, named the Concordia Society. In 1921, Societeit Concordia Building was rebuilt in a more functional and structural modern architecture (Art Deco) by designer C. P Wolff Schoemaker. It was renovated again in 1940 with new international style architecture with the help of Architect A. F Aalbers.




Stadhuis/TownHall


Originally posted by @Dochan


Gedung Sate
A neo-classical building mixed with native elements that served as a governmental office under Dutch administration and now serves as the governor's office of the West Java province in Indonesia. Located in Bandung, the building was designed by a Dutch architect J. Gerber.


meneer_nl's photostream
Aerial of the large Gedung Saté-complex, with left the old Post Office (Now Post Museum)






Wisma Sawunggaling, Jalan Sawunggaling






Braga street


Ikhlasul Amal
Fmr Escompto Maatschappij building
Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Mij at Jalan Asia Afrika 51 Bandung. Architect : J Van Gent, built between 1928-19331.


'De Driekleur'


Jaarbeurs (Annual Fair main building)


Soccer game on the AloenAloen square (1925)


Aerial, with the Annual Fair.


Atjehstraat - Merdikaweg - Bilitonstraat - Sumatrastraat - Borneostraat - Bangkastraat

This view from 1920's gives a good view of the north east district of the center. The KNIL (Dutch Army) War Department building, right from the middle, is the one that catches attention, in the Kalimantan Street. On the left the Palace of the Army commandant (in the Aceh street) and the Molukkenpark (Taman Maluku), and the HBS (now it is SMU 3 Building) on the right of Bilitonstraat (Belitung Street). In the front of the War Department is the Insulindepark (now Taman Lalulintas), surrounded by all kinds of building and houses of KNIL officers. Behind the War Department are buildings of the the Jaarbeurs, first built in 1920. Down left in the picture is the intersection between Aceh Street and Merdeka Street (BIP). At the background, in the left corner is the Department of Government buildings, betterknown as Gedung Sate.


Department of War


Braga-street

Weblink with an inventarisation of all the old buildings in the city of Bandung.


CPW Schoemaker designed this store in 1925, located on Jalan Braga Bandung.


Geology museum
Build in 1928 with Art Deco style by Menalda van. Schowenberg. This museum hosts the Pithecanthropus erectus or Java man.




Kantor Pos Besar Bandung (formerly Posten Telegraaf Kantoor)
Jalan Asia Afrika. Built in 1928 by J Van Gent with Art Deco Style.





 
#11 ·
Dit komt denk ik ook doordat in Holland (en zeker in de steden) de macht meer bij de burgers lag en niet bij het koningshuis (wat er lange tijd uberhaupt niet was). Daarom staat Amsterdam vol met de meest fantastische grachtenpanden maar niet met allerlei paleizen.

Overigens staan er binnen Nederland ook genoeg mooie paleizen hoor, zoals Soestdijk of De Haar.
 
#9 · (Edited)
^^

Onze ambitie lag eind 19e eeuw denk ik (los van de burgerlijke bouwcultuur in NL) bouwkundig gezien meer in de overzeese gebiedsdelen. Dat is misschien ook logisch aangezien de Gouverneur-Generaal in Nederlands-Indië als onderkoning veel macht had al was het maar voor een aantal jaren. Onze zuiderburen bouwden vanwege Leopold II met hun geld in de korte tijd als koloniale macht al hun grootste en bekendste bouwwerken in Brussel (Triomfboog, Paleis Laken, Congo Museum etc.). De Engelsen daarentegen bouwden net als de Nederlanders schitterende gebouwen in steden als Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Colombo, Singapore en Hongkong. De Fransen lieten ook een hoop na en bovendien hadden zij het geluk dat de Franse stijlen zich vanzelf verspreidden en werden overgenomen in de rest van de wereld.

@Almere fanboy
Hudson was een Engelsman in VOC dienst en daarom telt hij niet helemaal mee als Nederlndse ontdekkingsreiziger. ;)
 
#10 ·
Misschien leuk om hier te vermelden: De nederlandse architectuur in Denemarken. Enkele belangrijke bouwwerken zijn in de 17e eeuw ontworpen door nederlandsche architecten.

Bijvoorbeeld Kronborg. Een werelderfgoed. Architekt: Hans van Paesshen


Rosenborg Slot. Architect: Willum Cornelissen


Dat zijn twee hoogtepunten in het culturele imperialisme der nederlanden. Er zijn vele en vele meer alhier.
 
#14 ·
Tijden mijn stage in Kaapstad, heb ik ook een paar foto's geschoten.







In Longstreet/ Langstraat vind je de meeste koloniale gebouwen.










Museum


Compagnie Tuin




Slavenmuseum


Museum


Stellenbosch. Ongeveer een uur rijden van Kaapstad. De naam dank zich aan de heer Van der Stel.

Stellenbosch Munitiedepot








 
#20 · (Edited)
^^

Bij de opening van deze thread dacht ik (naïef dat ik ben) dat ik geen 'disclaimer' in hoefde te plaatsen.

Als je een foto van een slavenfort niet aankunt, dan geldt dat dus ook voor potentieel moreel verwerpelijke bouwwerken als het Colosseum of de Piramiden.

Deze thread is bedoeld als inventarisatie van de Nederlandse (overzeese) stedebouw en architectuur. Deze thread is dus NIET bedoeld voor politieke of morele discussies.
 
#21 ·
pfff moet je nagaan als je bij elk gebouw op dit forum over de politieke/morele correctheid zou moeten discussiëren..

Ot: het blijkt maar weer wat voor een pioniers/handelsgeest de Nederlanders hebben, en dat je dit nog overal terug ziet in het buitenland!

een leuk topic om te volgen, en zeker om alle prachtige foto's te zien!
 
#25 ·
daar gaat het niet om:eek:hno:

het gaat er om dat dit over de koloniale architectuur moet gaan, tuurlijk is het zo dat niet alles geweldig was wat we hebben gedaan, maar voor je t weet gaat daar de discussie over.. dat mag. maar we willen het hier hebben over de architectuur.

Dat betekend niet dat diegene die t daarover willen hebben ontkennen wat er daar is gebeurd, en willen het misschien daar best over hebben, maar niet hier..
 
#26 ·
Nog wat fotootjes uit Kaapstad

Gouverneurswoning


The Waterfront. Daarachter een luxeus mall en links naast het blauwe gebouw een Belgisch pannekoekkenhuis.


Historisch Museum (VOC tijd etc, met daarachter de Nederlandse vlag)
Helaas vergeten een foto te maken van het museum. Daarachter zie je een berg, het is de 'Signal Hill'. Als er vroeger een handelsschip kwam binnengevaren, dan schoot men tal van kanonsvuren af dat tot kilometers ver te horen was. De 'Boeren' die kilometers ver woonden, hoorden dan de schoten, men wist dan dat er een schip in aantocht was. Dan laadde de Boeren hun koetsen vol groente of vleeswaren, om dit aan de hongerige zeelieden te verkopen. Een Boer kon wel een dag of twee onderweg zijn naar de haven.
 
#27 · (Edited)

Link to Flickr - Hotel Oranje/Hotel Majapahit, built in 1910 by the famous Sarkies Brothers


Soerabaja/Surabaya

Java, Indonesia




Link to Flickr


Link to Flickr


Link to Flickr


Picture by itboediman's photostream at Flickr - Governor's office/Kantor Gubernur Jawa Timur, Jalan Pahlawan


Link to Flickr


link to Flickr


jesuskarto - Javasche Bank/Bank Indonesia


www.eastjava.com - Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam, built by Hulswit, Fermont & Ed. Cuypers, 1925


www.eastjava.com


www.eastjava.com - Rode Brug



www.eastjava.com - Internationale Krediet en Handelsvereeniging, built in 1929 by Frans Johan Lowrence.


www.eastjava.com - Internatio-building


www.eastjava.com - Surabaya Municipal Hall, built in 1920.


1898 - during the coronation of Queen Wilhelmina.


Former 'Handelsstraat'.


Aerial Soerabaya - in the middle the Roode Brug over the Kali Mas river.


Former 'Werfstraat'.


Sociëteit Concordia, Soerabaya.


Wiki Commons - Raad van Justitie/Court of Justice (built in 1866 destroyed in WWII)


www.geheugenvannederland.nl
 
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