History of Bahrain

Bahraini Spirit · March 4th, 2007, 11:43 PM

Although we're a tiny country, we have the longest history in all of the gulf and one of the oldest civilizations. Many historians even claim that with new found evidence that it's the 3rd oldest.

Let me start you out with ancient history (wikipedia) and pics will follow on later. I bet you even many Bahrainis don't know it. Enjoy

.

_________________________________________________________________

Ancient history

Bahrain has been inhabited by humans since ancient times and has even been proposed as the site of the Biblical Garden of Eden. Its strategic location in the Persian Gulf has brought rule and influence from the Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and finally the Arabs, under whom the island became Muslim.

Bahrain was in the ancient times known as Dilmun, later under its Greek name Tylos (see Dilmun for more information), as Awal as well as under the Persian name Mishmahig when it came under the imperial rule of the Persian Empire.

In the first century, Bahrain was referred to by the Greeks as "Tylos", the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The town of Muharraq was referred to as "Arados" (now there is an "Arad" in Muharraq) (Larsen, p. 13).

The Middle-Persian/Pahlavi the island was known as the Mishmahig, meaning "ewe-fish". Mishmahig or Mashmahig is attested to in the Babylonian Talmud as a port where pearls are found (c. 250 and 550).[1]. In Nastorian sources Mashmahig is mentioned for the first time in the year 410, when Batai, bishop of Mashmahig, was excommunicated by Mar Isaac, and Elias was put in his place. According to Nestorian sources, Mashmahig seems always to have been a centre of heresy and revolt.[2]

At the time of the second Iranian Empire, the Achaemenids, this land was on the fringe of Iranian territory, and when the fourth dynasty, the Sasanian Empire, was achieving its peak, the encroachment of the Arabs into the Iranian dominion of the southern Persian Gulf started. Shapur I took his forces to the island and the southern coasts of the Persian Gulf and expelled the alien aggressors.

When Shapur II was only a child, the Arab incursion into the southern coasts of Iranian territory was mounted. As soon as Shapour II grew up, he decided to once and for all to take back the Iranian territories of the southern coasts of the Persian Gulf. He sent his army to the region and pushed the Arabs out into the depth of Arabia, restoring the security of the Persian Gulf.

The geography of Moses of Khorene, which preserves a list of the provinces of the Sasanian empire generally considered to reflect conditions in the late empire, names Mešmahik as one of the southern provinces in Persian Gulf.[3]

Bahrain remained part of Sasanian territory, until its occupation by Arabic forces, when the migration of Bedouins from Arabian deserts into southern Iranian territories started.[4]

While Bahrain was never incorporated into the Roman Empire, it did become a centre of Christianity (Larsen, p107): Nestorian church records show that Bahrain was the seat of two of the five Nestorian bishoprics existing on the Arabian side of the Gulf at the time of the arrival of Islam. It is uncertain when the two bishoprics were dissolved though they are known to have survived until 835. Nestorian Christianity left its traces in Muharraq, and Christian names, like the village of Dair (ie parish), Samahij (used to be the name of a bishop) remain until today. Muharraq was also the centre of the worship for the cult of Awal , and between the end of Tylos era and the arrival of Islam, Bahrain was known by this term (Larsen, p108).

***B-Patriot*** · March 5th, 2007, 09:33 PM

I knew most of that... But the very interesting thing i didn't know is the Christian names or traces like Dair and Samahij...

asif iqbal · March 7th, 2007, 07:57 PM

I thought Bahrain was under Iranian control.

Bahraini Spirit · March 20th, 2007, 12:35 AM

The arrival of Islam (wikipedia).

During the emergence of Islam in the sixth century (until early in the sixteenth century) Bahrain referred to the wider historical region of Bahrain stretching on the Persian Gulf coast from Basrah to the Strait of Hormuz. This was Iqlīm al-Baḥrayn, i.e. the Province of Bahrain, and the Arab-Iranian inhabitants of the province were descendants of the Arab tribe Bani Abd al-Qais. This larger Bahrain comprised three regions: Hajar (present day Al-Hasa in Saudi Arabia), Al-Khatt (present day Al-Qatif in Saudi Arabia) and Awal (present day Bahrain). The name Awal remained in use, probably, for eight centuries. Awal was derived from the name of an idol that used to be worshipped before Islam by the inhabitants of the islands. The centre of the Awal cult was Muharraq.

Bahrainis were amongst the first to embrace Islam. Mohammed ruled Bahrain through one of his representatives, Al-Ala'a Al-Hadhrami. Bahraini embraced Islam in 629 (the seventh year of hijra). Al Khamis Mosque, founded in 692, was one of the earliest mosques built in Bahrain, in the era of Umayyad caliph Umar II.

The expansion of Islam did not affect Bahrain's reliance on trade, and its prosperity continued to be dependent on markets in Mesopotamia. After Baghdad emerged as the seat of the caliph in 750 and the main centre of Islamic civilization, Bahrain greatly benefited from the city's increased demand for foreign goods especially from China and South Asia.

Bahrain became a principal centre of knowledge for hundreds of years stretching from the early days of Islam in the sixth century to the eighteenth century. Philosophers of Bahrain were highly esteemed, such as the 13th Century mystic, Sheikh Maitham Al-Bahrani (died in 1299). (The mosque of Sheikh Maitham together with his tomb can be visited in the outskirts of the capital, Manama, near the district of Mahooz).

Buyyid dynasty of Iran, reunited much of the country including Bahrain, after controlling Abbasid caliphs at Baghdad, and remained part of Iranian realm until 1522 when Portuguese invaded the Island and overthrown the Governor called Jaboor. In 1602 at the time of soaring power of Safavid dynasty, Iranian forces defeated Portuguese in ports and islands of Hormoz and expelled them from Bahrain and reunited the islands with the mainland once again.[5]

During this period Bahrain was administered by the tribes of Iranian origin of “Havāleh” in Zebāreh In northern of Qatar Peninsula, when Zebareh was herself under the rule of Government of Fars. Towards the end of Safavid periods though Zebareh Government was ruled namely by Iran, but mostly it was an obstinate and inattentive Government to the centre.

Bahraini Spirit · March 20th, 2007, 12:45 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by asif iqbal

I thought Bahrain was under Iranian control.

There was several attempts to take control over Bahrain but these have failed. Because of such uncertainty and the Iraq-Iran war, the GCC was formed to add security. Historically speaking, the persians claim that Bahrain is theirs as part of the old persian empire.

Adel · July 18th, 2008, 11:11 AM

This is a great site about the history, culture, and traditions of Bahrain.

http://www.banijamrah.info/hussain/

bbs022 · June 18th, 2010, 05:23 PM

Nice topic

__________________

Moraqeb · October 14th, 2010, 03:18 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Bahraini Spirit

Historically speaking, the persians claim that Bahrain is theirs as part of the old persian empire.

Just illusions.. iran itself was part of the Arab empire

QWECXZ · February 16th, 2011, 04:17 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Moraqeb

Just illusions.. iran itself was part of the Arab empire

You meant the Islamic empire. and many of today's Arabic countries, from Northern parts and Central parts of Arabia to Egypt, were parts of the Persian Empire. let's not talk history. lol

the Persians do not claim that Bahrain belongs to them. Bahrain is an independent country with full rights to keep its independence, Bahrain is a UN registered nation but during periods in history, they belonged to Persia and you can read about that on wikipedia. in 1970's the Shah of Iran laid claim on Bahrain, but he later gave it up in an agreement with the UK that if the British gives Iran the 3 Islands, Iran will give up its claims on Bahrain. Now today Iran recognizes Bahrain as an independent state with full right over its territory and Iran will not have any claims on its neighboring country, Bahrain, now.

Pakia · February 17th, 2011, 03:21 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by QWECXZ

You meant the Islamic empire. and many of today's Arabic countries, from Northern parts and Central parts of Arabia to Egypt, were parts of the Persian Empire. let's not talk history. lol

the Persians do not claim that Bahrain belongs to them. Bahrain is an independent country with full rights to keep its independence, Bahrain is a UN registered nation but during periods in history, they belonged to Persia and you can read about that on wikipedia. in 1970's the Shah of Iran laid claim on Bahrain, but he later gave it up in an agreement with the UK that if the British gives Iran the 3 Islands, Iran will give up its claims on Bahrain. Now today Iran recognizes Bahrain as an independent state with full right over its territory and Iran will not have any claims on its neighboring country, Bahrain, now.

Great, its better to be good neighbours anyway, unless the majority decide by voting to join Iran (which probably would not happen).

shayan · March 5th, 2012, 11:15 AM

In 1970 The Shah made a deal to give up the claim on Bahrain in exchange for Abu Musa, and The Small and Bigger Tumb.

Sadly today the UAE makes a claim on these islands and it's called "disputed area".

Kinda unfair IMO, however I don't think that UAE will go to war to claim the islands.

The expert · June 21st, 2012, 12:02 PM

الله محي البحرين واهلها

والبحرين دولة ذات تاريخ عريق

وهؤلاء هم حكام البحرين من بداية التاريخ الهجري حتى عصرنا الحاضر

ففي زمان أبي بكر العلاء بن الحضرمي 12
وفي زمن عمر قدامة بن مظعون 14
وفي زمن عثمان عثمان بن أبي العاص الثقفي 22
وفي زمن علي (ع) عمرو بن ام سلمة ( زوجة النبي ص) ــ
أيام معاوية الأحوص بن عبد بن أمية 41
ثم نجدة بن عامر الحنفي الخارجي 65
ثم أبو فديك عبدالله بن ثور الخارجي 71
ثم جائت دولة آل مروان الأشعث الجارودي ( عاملا لعبد الملك) 73
ثم تغلب عليها مسعود بن أبي زينب الخارجي 86
ثم وكان عاملا لعبد الملك بن مروان سفيان بن عمرو العقيلي 105
ثم علي بن المهاجر 125
ثم المهير بن سلمى الحنفي 132
ثم عبدالله بن النعمان 128
ثم المثنى بن يزيد بن هبيرة 130
ثم جائت دولة العباسيين داود بن علي عم السفـّـاح 133
ثم زياد بن عبدالله خال السفاح ــ
ثم سليمان بن علي عم السفاح ــ
ثم سري بن عبدالله الهاشمي 136
ثم سفيان بن معاوية المهلبي 139
ثم قثم بن عبدالله العباسي 144
ثم تميم بن سعد بن دعلج 157
ثم حمزة الكاتب 158
ثم عبدالله بن مصعب الخراساني 159
ثم صالح بن داود بن محمد 164
ثم المعلى مولى المهدي العباسي 165
ثم محمد بن سليمان العباسي 173
ثم اسحاق بن أبي حميضه 197
ثم داود بن ماسجور 206
ثم محمد بن اسحق بن إبراهيم 232
ثم غلب عليها علي بن عبدالله صاحب الزنج 249
ثم عادت العباسية فكان أميرها ابو أحمد الموفق العباسي 270
ثم أحمد بن محمد الواثقي 278
ثم العباس بن عمرو الغنوي 286
ثم جائت دولة القرامطة أول القرامطة ـ أبو سعيد 287
ثم أبو طاهر سليمان بن سعيد 321
ثم الفضل بن ابي طاهر واخوه يوسف 333
ثم الحسن بن بهرام القرمطي 360
ثم .. وهو آخر القرامطة اسحق القرمطي 366
ثم غلب على القرامطة أبو البهلول العوام بن محمد 461
ثم زكريا بن يحيى العياش 363
ثم جائت دولة العيونيين علي بن عبدالله العيوني 464
ثم الفضل بن عبدالله العيوني 500
ثم محمد بن الفضل ابو سنان العيوني ــ
ثم عرير بن محمد العيوني ــ
ثم شكر بن علي العيوني ــ
ثم محمد بن أحمد أبو الحسين ــ
ثم فضل بن محمد العيوني 606
ثم علي بن ماجد ــ
ثم مقدم بن عزيز ــ
ثم محمد بن ماجد ــ
ثم محمد بن مسعود ــ
ثم .. وهو آخر ملوكهم الفضل بن محمد 631
ثم اتابك فارسي 633
ثم جنكيز مغولي 730
ثم جائت الكورانية 790
ثم جائت البرتغال 920
ثم جائت الترك 942
ثم جائت الصفوية 1000
ثم جاء محمد الجمري 1123
ثم عادت الصفوية ــ
وفي هذه الحدود ملك الشاه حسين خان 1130
ثم جبارة الهولي ــ
ثم نادر شاه 1150
ثم جائت دولة آل خليفة وأولهم الفاتح أحمد بن محمد آل خليفة 1197
ثم سلمان بن أحمد 1209
ثم تغلبت عليها الخوارج ملوك عمان 1215
ثم عادت دولة آل خليفة سلمان بن أحمد 1224
ثم عبدالله بن أحمد 1236
ثم محمد بن خليفة بن سلمان 1265
ثم علي بن خليفة والإنجليز 1282
ثم عاد علي بن خليفة وقتله أخاه عليا 1284
ثم تغلب عليها محمد بن عبدالله بن خليفة ــ
ثم عيسى بن علي 1288
ثم تولى النيابة عنه ابنه حمد بن عيسى 1351
ثم سلمان بن حمد 1361
ثم عيسى بن سلمان 1381
ثم .. إلى الوقت الحاضر حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة 1421

والبحرين لم تخضع لاي دولة بالعالم قط فهي دولة مستقلة ولها سيادتها

تحية لشعب البحرين ..

Irandoost · November 30th, 2012, 05:59 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by shayan

In 1970 The Shah made a deal to give up the claim on Bahrain in exchange for Abu Musa, and The Small and Bigger Tumb.

Sadly today the UAE makes a claim on these islands and it's called "disputed area".

Kinda unfair IMO, however I don't think that UAE will go to war to claim the islands.

That's exactly why I support the Iranian nuclear program, b/c yesterday it was Bahrain, Today it's our islands, Tommorrow Bandar abbas? 100 years from now Tehran...lol

BTW Saudi Arabia has been mixing up Bahrain's demographics.. They have moved thousands of Sunni Pakistani to Bahrain and giving them citizenships , also many Sunni saudis have moved to Bahrain in the last 20 years. While Shia Bahrains are leaving Bahrain for Iran or Europe. Some are now beinh stripped from their Citizenships in Bahrain. I don't even think Shias are majority anymore.

March 4th, 2007, 11:43 PM	#1
Bahraini Spirit Registered User Join Date: Dec 2002 Location: Bahrain; London Posts: 4,153 Likes (Received): 0	History of Bahrain Although we're a tiny country, we have the longest history in all of the gulf and one of the oldest civilizations. Many historians even claim that with new found evidence that it's the 3rd oldest. Let me start you out with ancient history (wikipedia) and pics will follow on later. I bet you even many Bahrainis don't know it. Enjoy . _________________________________________________________________ Ancient history Bahrain has been inhabited by humans since ancient times and has even been proposed as the site of the Biblical Garden of Eden. Its strategic location in the Persian Gulf has brought rule and influence from the Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, Persians, and finally the Arabs, under whom the island became Muslim. Bahrain was in the ancient times known as Dilmun, later under its Greek name Tylos (see Dilmun for more information), as Awal as well as under the Persian name Mishmahig when it came under the imperial rule of the Persian Empire. In the first century, Bahrain was referred to by the Greeks as "Tylos", the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The town of Muharraq was referred to as "Arados" (now there is an "Arad" in Muharraq) (Larsen, p. 13). The Middle-Persian/Pahlavi the island was known as the Mishmahig, meaning "ewe-fish". Mishmahig or Mashmahig is attested to in the Babylonian Talmud as a port where pearls are found (c. 250 and 550).[1]. In Nastorian sources Mashmahig is mentioned for the first time in the year 410, when Batai, bishop of Mashmahig, was excommunicated by Mar Isaac, and Elias was put in his place. According to Nestorian sources, Mashmahig seems always to have been a centre of heresy and revolt.[2] At the time of the second Iranian Empire, the Achaemenids, this land was on the fringe of Iranian territory, and when the fourth dynasty, the Sasanian Empire, was achieving its peak, the encroachment of the Arabs into the Iranian dominion of the southern Persian Gulf started. Shapur I took his forces to the island and the southern coasts of the Persian Gulf and expelled the alien aggressors. When Shapur II was only a child, the Arab incursion into the southern coasts of Iranian territory was mounted. As soon as Shapour II grew up, he decided to once and for all to take back the Iranian territories of the southern coasts of the Persian Gulf. He sent his army to the region and pushed the Arabs out into the depth of Arabia, restoring the security of the Persian Gulf. The geography of Moses of Khorene, which preserves a list of the provinces of the Sasanian empire generally considered to reflect conditions in the late empire, names Mešmahik as one of the southern provinces in Persian Gulf.[3] Bahrain remained part of Sasanian territory, until its occupation by Arabic forces, when the migration of Bedouins from Arabian deserts into southern Iranian territories started.[4] While Bahrain was never incorporated into the Roman Empire, it did become a centre of Christianity (Larsen, p107): Nestorian church records show that Bahrain was the seat of two of the five Nestorian bishoprics existing on the Arabian side of the Gulf at the time of the arrival of Islam. It is uncertain when the two bishoprics were dissolved though they are known to have survived until 835. Nestorian Christianity left its traces in Muharraq, and Christian names, like the village of Dair (ie parish), Samahij (used to be the name of a bishop) remain until today. Muharraq was also the centre of the worship for the cult of Awal , and between the end of Tylos era and the arrival of Islam, Bahrain was known by this term (Larsen, p108). __________________ <<_>>Live your life, let no one hinder!!!<<_>>

March 20th, 2007, 12:35 AM	#4
Bahraini Spirit Registered User Join Date: Dec 2002 Location: Bahrain; London Posts: 4,153 Likes (Received): 0	The arrival of Islam (wikipedia). During the emergence of Islam in the sixth century (until early in the sixteenth century) Bahrain referred to the wider historical region of Bahrain stretching on the Persian Gulf coast from Basrah to the Strait of Hormuz. This was Iqlīm al-Baḥrayn, i.e. the Province of Bahrain, and the Arab-Iranian inhabitants of the province were descendants of the Arab tribe Bani Abd al-Qais. This larger Bahrain comprised three regions: Hajar (present day Al-Hasa in Saudi Arabia), Al-Khatt (present day Al-Qatif in Saudi Arabia) and Awal (present day Bahrain). The name Awal remained in use, probably, for eight centuries. Awal was derived from the name of an idol that used to be worshipped before Islam by the inhabitants of the islands. The centre of the Awal cult was Muharraq. Bahrainis were amongst the first to embrace Islam. Mohammed ruled Bahrain through one of his representatives, Al-Ala'a Al-Hadhrami. Bahraini embraced Islam in 629 (the seventh year of hijra). Al Khamis Mosque, founded in 692, was one of the earliest mosques built in Bahrain, in the era of Umayyad caliph Umar II. The expansion of Islam did not affect Bahrain's reliance on trade, and its prosperity continued to be dependent on markets in Mesopotamia. After Baghdad emerged as the seat of the caliph in 750 and the main centre of Islamic civilization, Bahrain greatly benefited from the city's increased demand for foreign goods especially from China and South Asia. Bahrain became a principal centre of knowledge for hundreds of years stretching from the early days of Islam in the sixth century to the eighteenth century. Philosophers of Bahrain were highly esteemed, such as the 13th Century mystic, Sheikh Maitham Al-Bahrani (died in 1299). (The mosque of Sheikh Maitham together with his tomb can be visited in the outskirts of the capital, Manama, near the district of Mahooz). Buyyid dynasty of Iran, reunited much of the country including Bahrain, after controlling Abbasid caliphs at Baghdad, and remained part of Iranian realm until 1522 when Portuguese invaded the Island and overthrown the Governor called Jaboor. In 1602 at the time of soaring power of Safavid dynasty, Iranian forces defeated Portuguese in ports and islands of Hormoz and expelled them from Bahrain and reunited the islands with the mainland once again.[5] During this period Bahrain was administered by the tribes of Iranian origin of “Havāleh” in Zebāreh In northern of Qatar Peninsula, when Zebareh was herself under the rule of Government of Fars. Towards the end of Safavid periods though Zebareh Government was ruled namely by Iran, but mostly it was an obstinate and inattentive Government to the centre. __________________ <<_>>Live your life, let no one hinder!!!<<_>> Last edited by Bahraini Spirit; March 20th, 2007 at 12:40 AM.

March 5th, 2012, 11:15 AM	#11
shayan Prince of Persia Join Date: Oct 2005 Location: Shiraz, Randstad Posts: 2,159 Likes (Received): 1	In 1970 The Shah made a deal to give up the claim on Bahrain in exchange for Abu Musa, and The Small and Bigger Tumb. Sadly today the UAE makes a claim on these islands and it's called "disputed area". Kinda unfair IMO, however I don't think that UAE will go to war to claim the islands. __________________ sixty years ago, upon the invitation of the Russian Red Cross, Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, twin sister of the Shah of Iran, went to see Stalin in order to demand the retrieval of Soviet invading forces from Iran. The princess entered the Kremlin where she pleaded with great passion for the liberation of Iran, her motherland. Impressed by her courage, Stalin became all smiles. He said loudly to his rather stern entourage: "Now here is a brave and true patriot." Pravda, June 28, 1946.

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March 5th, 2007, 09:33 PM	#2
*B-Patriot* Registered User Join Date: Mar 2005 Location: BarBar City Posts: 2,797 Likes (Received): 0	I knew most of that... But the very interesting thing i didn't know is the Christian names or traces like Dair and Samahij...

March 7th, 2007, 07:57 PM	#3
asif iqbal Registered User Join Date: Sep 2006 Location: Scotland Posts: 912 Likes (Received): 1	I thought Bahrain was under Iranian control.

July 18th, 2008, 11:11 AM	#6
Adel Registered User Join Date: Apr 2006 Posts: 1,713 Likes (Received): 3	This is a great site about the history, culture, and traditions of Bahrain. http://www.banijamrah.info/hussain/

June 18th, 2010, 05:23 PM	#7
bbs022 BANNED Join Date: Jun 2010 Posts: 63 Likes (Received): 0	Nice topic __________________

June 21st, 2012, 12:02 PM	#12
The expert Registered User Join Date: Jun 2011 Posts: 199 Likes (Received): 0	الله محي البحرين واهلها والبحرين دولة ذات تاريخ عريق وهؤلاء هم حكام البحرين من بداية التاريخ الهجري حتى عصرنا الحاضر ففي زمان أبي بكر العلاء بن الحضرمي 12 وفي زمن عمر قدامة بن مظعون 14 وفي زمن عثمان عثمان بن أبي العاص الثقفي 22 وفي زمن علي (ع) عمرو بن ام سلمة ( زوجة النبي ص) ــ أيام معاوية الأحوص بن عبد بن أمية 41 ثم نجدة بن عامر الحنفي الخارجي 65 ثم أبو فديك عبدالله بن ثور الخارجي 71 ثم جائت دولة آل مروان الأشعث الجارودي ( عاملا لعبد الملك) 73 ثم تغلب عليها مسعود بن أبي زينب الخارجي 86 ثم وكان عاملا لعبد الملك بن مروان سفيان بن عمرو العقيلي 105 ثم علي بن المهاجر 125 ثم المهير بن سلمى الحنفي 132 ثم عبدالله بن النعمان 128 ثم المثنى بن يزيد بن هبيرة 130 ثم جائت دولة العباسيين داود بن علي عم السفـّـاح 133 ثم زياد بن عبدالله خال السفاح ــ ثم سليمان بن علي عم السفاح ــ ثم سري بن عبدالله الهاشمي 136 ثم سفيان بن معاوية المهلبي 139 ثم قثم بن عبدالله العباسي 144 ثم تميم بن سعد بن دعلج 157 ثم حمزة الكاتب 158 ثم عبدالله بن مصعب الخراساني 159 ثم صالح بن داود بن محمد 164 ثم المعلى مولى المهدي العباسي 165 ثم محمد بن سليمان العباسي 173 ثم اسحاق بن أبي حميضه 197 ثم داود بن ماسجور 206 ثم محمد بن اسحق بن إبراهيم 232 ثم غلب عليها علي بن عبدالله صاحب الزنج 249 ثم عادت العباسية فكان أميرها ابو أحمد الموفق العباسي 270 ثم أحمد بن محمد الواثقي 278 ثم العباس بن عمرو الغنوي 286 ثم جائت دولة القرامطة أول القرامطة ـ أبو سعيد 287 ثم أبو طاهر سليمان بن سعيد 321 ثم الفضل بن ابي طاهر واخوه يوسف 333 ثم الحسن بن بهرام القرمطي 360 ثم .. وهو آخر القرامطة اسحق القرمطي 366 ثم غلب على القرامطة أبو البهلول العوام بن محمد 461 ثم زكريا بن يحيى العياش 363 ثم جائت دولة العيونيين علي بن عبدالله العيوني 464 ثم الفضل بن عبدالله العيوني 500 ثم محمد بن الفضل ابو سنان العيوني ــ ثم عرير بن محمد العيوني ــ ثم شكر بن علي العيوني ــ ثم محمد بن أحمد أبو الحسين ــ ثم فضل بن محمد العيوني 606 ثم علي بن ماجد ــ ثم مقدم بن عزيز ــ ثم محمد بن ماجد ــ ثم محمد بن مسعود ــ ثم .. وهو آخر ملوكهم الفضل بن محمد 631 ثم اتابك فارسي 633 ثم جنكيز مغولي 730 ثم جائت الكورانية 790 ثم جائت البرتغال 920 ثم جائت الترك 942 ثم جائت الصفوية 1000 ثم جاء محمد الجمري 1123 ثم عادت الصفوية ــ وفي هذه الحدود ملك الشاه حسين خان 1130 ثم جبارة الهولي ــ ثم نادر شاه 1150 ثم جائت دولة آل خليفة وأولهم الفاتح أحمد بن محمد آل خليفة 1197 ثم سلمان بن أحمد 1209 ثم تغلبت عليها الخوارج ملوك عمان 1215 ثم عادت دولة آل خليفة سلمان بن أحمد 1224 ثم عبدالله بن أحمد 1236 ثم محمد بن خليفة بن سلمان 1265 ثم علي بن خليفة والإنجليز 1282 ثم عاد علي بن خليفة وقتله أخاه عليا 1284 ثم تغلب عليها محمد بن عبدالله بن خليفة ــ ثم عيسى بن علي 1288 ثم تولى النيابة عنه ابنه حمد بن عيسى 1351 ثم سلمان بن حمد 1361 ثم عيسى بن سلمان 1381 ثم .. إلى الوقت الحاضر حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة 1421 والبحرين لم تخضع لاي دولة بالعالم قط فهي دولة مستقلة ولها سيادتها تحية لشعب البحرين ..