Comparative Profiles of Austronesian Languages

[xolang]

Hello!

Here are some similarities me and some Philippine friends found out about our languages (I'm Indonesian).
Some of the Philippine words are Cebuano, others are Tagalog.

I = Indonesian
P = Philippine

wind
I: angin
P : hangin

eye
mata

five
lima

lip(s)
I: bibir
P: bibig

nose
I: hidung (h often not pronounced)
P: ilung

nail
I: kuku
P: kuko (?)

child
anak

man, male
I: lelaki, laki-laki
P: lalaki

We actually discovered a lot more. I'll write them down as soon as I remember.

Salam

[Mercato]

Fish:
ancient Cebuano = ikan
modern Melayu = ikan

Gunting
cebuano & tagalog = pair of scissors
bahasa melayu = to cut

Anak
cebuano & tagalog = child
melayu = child

Pontianak
cebuano & tagalog = tianak - child monster
melayu = lady monster

Sumpa
cebuano & tagalog = curse
melayu = oath

Putih
cebuano & tagalog = white
melayu = white

Otan
cebuano = vegetable
melayu = forest

Jalan
cebuano = dalan - a road or street
melayu = a walk

[xolang]

Originally Posted by Mercato

Fish:
ancient Cebuano = ikan
modern Melayu = ikan

Gunting
cebuano & tagalog = pair of scissors
bahasa melayu = to cut

Anak
cebuano & tagalog = child
melayu = child

Pontianak
cebuano & tagalog = tianak - child monster
melayu = lady monster

Sumpa
cebuano & tagalog = curse
melayu = oath

Putih
cebuano & tagalog = white
melayu = white

Otan
cebuano = vegetable
melayu = forest

Jalan
cebuano = dalan - a road or street
melayu = a walk

Thanks Mercato!

Gunting also means (a pair of) scissors in Indonesian.
To cut with a knife (pisau) is potong.

Sumpah also means swear.

Forest in Indonesian is hutan, yet as in many words, the H is often not pronounced.
Orangutan means literally forest-man because orang = person.

Jalan also means road or street.


Some other similarities:

coconut (tree)
I: nyiur
P: niog (?)

black
I: hitam (often pronounced 'itəm')
P: itum (?)

drink
I: minum
P: inom (?)


How do you say 'count' in Philippine? Is it similar to hitung or itung?

[xolang]

eat
I: makan
in my father's dialect it's 'humaan'
P: kumain

sleep
I: tidur
P: tulog

new
I: baru
P: bago

expensive
mahal

cheap
I: murah
P: mura

lake
I: danau
P: lanaw

kick
I: sepak (-k often pronounced as a glottal stop)
P: sipa

fire
I: api
P: apoy

sky
langit

house
Old Malay: balai. Still used today for certain kinds of houses.
P: balay

sole
I: telapak
P: talampakan, talapakan

count
I: bilangan
P: bilang

say, tell
I: bilang
P: pulong

return
balik

[xolang]

cheek
I: pipi
P: pisngi

bone
I: tulang
P: tul-an

tongue
I: lidah
P: dila


Have you noticed how D and L seem to be interchangeable in Indonesian and Philippine? Like nose = idung and ilong.

[Mercato]

there is a tribe near the common borders of Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. they call themselves Bisaya. They have a common name with 3 tribes in central Philippines. We are also Bisaya with 3 sub groups = Waray, Ylonggo and Cebuano... It would be interesting to know more about this tribe in Borneo which seems similar to us.

I'm running out of words for now

Harimau
Tagalog = halimaw - monster
Bahasa = monster

Pulau
Tagalog = Pulo - island
Bahasa = island

Originally Posted by xolang

How do you say 'count' in Philippine? Is it similar to hitung or itung?

Bueno, we use the word "Cuenta" = to count

[xolang]

Originally Posted by Mercato

there is a tribe near the common borders of Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia. they call themselves Bisaya. They have a common name with 3 tribes in central Philippines. We are also Bisaya with 3 sub groups = Waray, Ylonggo and Cebuano... It would be interesting to know more about this tribe in Borneo which seems similar to us.

I'm running out of words for now

Harimau
Tagalog = halimaw - monster
Bahasa = monster

Pulau
Tagalog = Pulo - island
Bahasa = island

I didn't know about the Bisaya on Kalimantan. Interesting.

Btw, bahasa means 'language'.
So in Indonesian/Malaysian:
Bahasa Inggris = English language
Bahasa Tagalog = Tagalog language
Bahasa Sebuano = Cebuano language
Bahasa Indonesia = Indonesian language
Bahasa Malaysia = Malaysian language
Bahasa Spanyol = Spanish language
etc.

Harimau means 'tiger'. A monster is monster in Indonesian.

'Island' is pulau, yet often pronounced like pulo.

Originally Posted by Mercato

Bueno, we use the word "Cuenta" = to count

You mean kuwenta?
You guys are so spanicized it's almost unbelievable.

[Animo]

Originally Posted by xolang

lip(s)
I: bibir
P: bibig

Actually, lips is called labi from Spanish labios. Bibig means mouth in Tagalog and Bah-bah or Bábá in Cebuano.

[Mercato]

Originally Posted by xolang

lip(s)
I: bibir
P: bibig

Could it also be the Portuguese influence? Hmmm,

drink
spanish = beber
portuguese = beber

live
spanish = vivir
portuguese = viver

[crappypants]

interesting, let's get in touch with our malay race, there is always a thread about Spanish background but never on this.
I think also cinta in indo and sinta in tagalog is the same. love

i also saw tolak or someting like that in a malaysian airplane bathroom
which i presume is push?
in pilipino it's tulak.

mangan or makan is also eat in ilucano and kapampangan.

pintu, door, pinto

kambing , goat is similar.

[xolang]

Originally Posted by crappypants

interesting, let's get in touch with our malay race, there is always a thread about Spanish background but never on this.
I think also cinta in indo and sinta in tagalog is the same. love

i also saw tolak or someting like that in a malaysian airplane bathroom
which i presume is push?
in pilipino it's tulak.

mangan or makan is also eat in ilucano and kapampangan.

pintu, door, pinto

kambing , goat is similar.

Thanks.

Tolak means 'to push' in some dialects. In standard Indonesian it means 'refuse', which is semantically related to 'push'

Mangan is Javanese for 'eat'.

new
Tagalog, Cebuano: bago
Ilokano: baro
Indonesian: baru

four
I: empat
Bahasa Manado: ampa
P, and in many Indonesian dialects: apat
Pangasinan: apatira
Malagasy (in Madagascar!): efatra


The numbers in Javanese are:
1 siji
2 loro
3 telu
4 papat
5 lima
6 enem
7 pitu
8 walu
9 sanga
10 sepuluh

They are somehow closer to Philippine languages than Standard Indonesian.

[xolang]

Originally Posted by Animo

Actually, lips is called labi from Spanish labios. Bibig means mouth in Tagalog and Bah-bah or Bábá in Cebuano.

There's always a semantic drift between languages. I'm pretty sure that bibir and bibig have the same origins, and that bibir doesn't have anything to do with Portuguese or Spanish.

[xolang]

Originally Posted by crappypants

kambing , goat is similar.

Not only similar. It's identical.

Talk about animals, 'dog' is asu in Javanese.

[Mercato]

Ei, bro. I remember this at the Jakarta Airport long time ago..

Buka
tagalog & cebuano = to open
bahasa = gate

Bukaka
tagalog & cebuano = **** censored**** nah, it's wide open but with heavy connotations
bahasa = ??

*********

Let us investigate this very endearing Austronesian word = LIMA = 5 coz it has withstood time and can be found in many, many, many austronesian descendants like all filipino languages use lime, bahasa i think uses it, many indonesian languages use it, it is used in Hawaiian plus many polynesian languages... nothin much, Lima strikes a deep austronesian chord somewhere, no?

[xolang]

Originally Posted by Mercato

Ei, bro. I remember this at the Jakarta Airport long time ago..

Buka
tagalog & cebuano = to open
bahasa = gate

Bukaka
tagalog & cebuano = **** censored**** nah, it's wide open but with heavy connotations
bahasa = ??

*********

Let us investigate this very endearing Austronesian word = LIMA = 5 coz it has withstood time and can be found in many, many, many austronesian descendants like all filipino languages use lime, bahasa i think uses it, many indonesian languages use it, it is used in Hawaiian plus many polynesian languages... nothin much, Lima strikes a deep austronesian chord somewhere, no?

In Indonesian, buka also means open.
Bahasa, as I mentioned before, means language.


Yeah. Lima and mata seem to have remained the same in most Austronesian languages.

[xolang]

Originally Posted by crappypants

interesting, let's get in touch with our malay race, there is always a thread about Spanish background but never on this.

I have to say that I got sick of our "worship" of everything European.
How basically all of the so called beauty products or operations aim to make us look (more) European.
And how the models, actors, celebs in Asia tend to look European.

I'm not saying that Europeans are not good, but we could at least stop misprizing our "Malayness", darkness (of complexion), shortness, wide nose, etc. as if it were something inferior.
Hell the Spanish didn't treat us that well, why should we continue adhering to the white-is-better-mentality?

Sorry for not being politically correct. I probably am even exaggerating, but I just had to get it off my chest.

Again, I don't think European is bad. My Spanish is not bad and I have friends from Spain. But we need more appreciation of who we are.

Now back to languages. Austronesian languages.

[Mercato]

Originally Posted by xolang

I'm not saying that Europeans are not good, but we could at least stop misprizing our "Malayness", darkness (of complexion), shortness, wide nose, etc. as if it were something inferior.
Hell the Spanish didn't treat us that well, why should we continue adhering to the white-is-better-mentality?

Sorry for not being politically correct. I probably am even exaggerating, but I just had to get it off my chest.

Again, I don't think European is bad. My Spanish is not bad and I have friends from Spain. But we need more appreciation of who we are.

Now back to languages. Austronesian languages.

Point well taken, bro... howbeit I thought Indonesia was under the Portuguese and the Dutch but never under the Spanish...

Now 'twas the Philippines which was under the Spanish...

Truth can be stranger than fiction these days. ... ah yes... where were we? Austronesian, as a matter of fact...

[xolang]

Originally Posted by Mercato

Point well taken, bro... howbeit I thought Indonesia was under the Portuguese and the Dutch but never under the Spanish...

Now 'twas the Philippines which was under the Spanish...

Truth can be stranger than fiction these days. ... ah yes... where were we? Austronesian, as a matter of fact...

I know. I was just simplifying things. If I wanted to be correct, I would've had to say Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French, Americans, depending on where you are.


Another word I remember with semantic drift.
I: bukit, meaning hill.
P: bukid, meaning mountain.

wood
I: kayu
P: kahoy

[xolang]

chicken, bird
In many Indonesian and Philippine dialects: manuk, manok

[crappypants]

Originally Posted by xolang

I have to say that I got sick of our "worship" of everything European.
How basically all of the so called beauty products or operations aim to make us look (more) European.
And how the models, actors, celebs in Asia tend to look European.

I'm not saying that Europeans are not good, but we could at least stop misprizing our "Malayness", darkness (of complexion), shortness, wide nose, etc. as if it were something inferior.
Hell the Spanish didn't treat us that well, why should we continue adhering to the white-is-better-mentality?

Sorry for not being politically correct. I probably am even exaggerating, but I just had to get it off my chest.

Again, I don't think European is bad. My Spanish is not bad and I have friends from Spain. But we need more appreciation of who we are.

Now back to languages. Austronesian languages.

Yeah, I'm glad for the indonesian people for if it weren't for them the malay race might go extinct similar to the fate of other Austronesian peoples. If not for Indonesia the whole SE asia will be just an extension of CHina. nothing wrong with CHinese but it's better with variety and not one race overwhelming the others. Thailand , malaysia and singapore already gone that route.
ok sorry if it's ot . back to language.