[Europa] Porty lotnicze

[Michal_Rad]

W ostatnim miesiącu miałem okazję dwukortnie odwiedzić Stambuł. Nowe lotnisko robi niesamowite wrażenie. Jest ogromne.
Minus - ograniczona komunikacja. Tylko transport kołowy na tę chwilę. Autobusem z lotniska do centrum trzeba liczyć około godziny.
Kolejny minus to Wi - Fi. Ograniczony czas korzystania.

[IMG][/IMG]

[IMG][/IMG]

[IMG][/IMG]

A tutaj stare, obecnie zamknięte lotnisko Atatürka. Brałbym w ciemno takie w Warszawie.
[IMG][/IMG]

[Packie]

Jeśli mógłbyś ponownie załadować zdjęcia to byłbym wdzięczny bo niestety nie widać ich.

[geogregor]

Originally Posted by geogregor

Budowa drugiego rownoleglego pasa startowego w Dublinie postepuje:

Jeszcze a propo rozbudowy Dublina. W zwiazku z budowa nowego pasa potrzebna jest tez nowa wieza kontroli ktora jest obecnie na etapie ukonczenia i rozruchu:
https://www.arup.com/projects/iaa-vi...dublin-airport

At 87.7m high, the visual control tower is the country’s tallest occupied structure and is a commanding new addition to the city’s skyline.

The new visual control tower will be ready to provide single runway operation during the first half of 2020, transitioning to provide parallel runway operations by 2021, when the new runway becomes operational.

https://twitter.com/DublinAirport/st...49332065628160


I jeszcze filmik z zeszlorocznej instalacji korony wiezy:

[geogregor]

Trwa tez rozbudowa London City Airport:
https://www.bechtel.com/projects/london-city-airport/

This five-year contract will see Bechtel partnering to manage delivery of the £480 million City Airport Development Programme (CADP). The CADP includes: expanding the existing terminal by 24,500m2 and completely reconfiguring its internals and externals; constructing a three-storey passenger pier; creating eight new aircraft stands; and constructing a new parallel aircraft taxiway. The expansion work will require working within the King George V Dock where the project team has uncovered unexploded ordnance from World War II.

The upgrade will improve air traffic movements from 38 to 45 movements per hour and enable increased annual passenger movements from 4.5 to 6.5 million passengers by 2025. Additionally, the programme will help future-proof the airport to accommodate the next generation of aircraft that are quieter, have longer range and greater fuel efficiency.

In this first video about the construction project, Peter Adams, London City Airport's Chief Development Officer, introduces the two-year piling and decking phase. The 'piles' are the steel and concrete columns that will support a new 75,000m2 concrete deck.

This concrete deck is, in essence, the new 'land' upon which the new terminal infrastructure and parallel taxiway will sit, above the dock waters of King George V Dock. Over 1,000 piles will be installed in the dock bed, and this video takes the viewer behind the scenes with the piling and decking contractor, BAM Nuttall, to explain the method used.

I takie ogolne ujecie na LCY:



Po lewej stronie pasa startowego widac budowe nowej powierzchni gdzie powstanie taxiway.

[geogregor]

Manchester International Airport ktory obsluguje ponad 28 mln pasazerow jest w trakcie sporej rozbudowy (wartosci okolo miliarda funciakow)

https://www.mantp.co.uk/about/

Przebudowuja taxiways, standy, parkingi, Terminal 2.

Pierwszy pier otwarto na wiosne







Zupelnie zmieni sie uklad lotniska:




Podobno po przebudowie pojemnosc na dwoch obecnych pasach moze wyniesc do 55 mln pasazerow rocznie.

[geogregor]

A teraz ciekawostka na zupelnie innym koncu skali "wyspiarskich" lotnisk.

Wczoraj mialem okazje leciec do Luton z Ireland West Airport ktore polozenie jest kilka km od Charlestown w County Mayo.

To lotnisko ma ciekawa historie. Powstalo z powodu uporu pewnego... ksiedza.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_West_Airport
Za Wiki:

The airport opened on 25 October 1985 with three Aer Lingus charter flights to Rome: the official opening was on 30 May 1986. The site, on a hill in boggy terrain, was thought by many to be unrealistic, but the airport was built following a long and controversial campaign by Monsignor James Horan, the story of which has even inspired a musical. At the time of construction, the primary motivation was for pilgrims to Knock Shrine. Despite criticisms that the site was too boggy and too foggy, Monsignor Horan delivered an airport within five years, primarily financed by a Government grant of £9.8 million. Monsignor Horan died shortly after the opening of the airport, and his funeral was held at the then-named Horan International Airport. In recent times, Monsignor Horan has been celebrated with a bronze statue erected at the airport.

Nie wiem do czego to porownac. To tak jakby u nas Szymany wybudowac kolo Lichenia pod wplywem jakiegos proboszcza

Z tego co mi mowi moja druga polowka to byl powszechny temat dowcipow w tamtych latach w Irlandii. Ale ten sie smieje kto sie smieje ostatni. O ile pozamykano lotniska w Waterford, Galway czy Sligo to Ireland West Airport funkcjonuje. W zeszlym roku skorzystalo z niego 750 tys. pasazerow, glownie na lotach do UK.

Kilka fotek:

DSC07113 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC07117 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC07119 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC07122 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC07123 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Lotnisko budowano glownie z mysla o pielgrzymach

DSC07124 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

W okolicach restauracji i tarasu widokowego na pietrze jest dziwna wystawka

DSC07125 by Geogregor*, on Flickr



DSC07131 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Przy wylocie kazdy pasazer placi tzw "development fee" czyli 10 Euro. Ciekawa praktyka. To powoduje ze o tyle tansze sa oplaty dla linii lotniczych:

IMG_20190724_103926391_HDR by Geogregor*, on Flickr

"Nie wynosic kufli na plyte"

DSC07132 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC07135 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC07147 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Generalnie lotnisko posrodku nieczego, na totalnym zadupiu.

[geogregor]

Jeszcze a propo rozbudowy LCY. W ramach tego przedsiewziecia instalowana jest tam wirtualna ATC:

https://www.internationalairportrevi...affic-control/

London City Airport is known internationally for its fast, efficient, customer-focused service. It has won us accolades, helped secure permission for our £480 million redevelopment programme, and in 2017 allowed us to attract over 4.5 million passengers.

But something has changed in the last year. It was previously the case that the first questions asked about the airport would be when the redevelopment programme would commence, what new aircraft we were certifying or what new routes were in the pipeline. Don’t get me wrong, there’s still significant interest in all those subjects, but they have been usurped by the digital air traffic control tower since we, along with our partners NATS and Saab Technologies, made the announcement in May 2017.

It was a significant story, not only for London City, but for our industry. This was reflected in the breadth of coverage it generated, reaching over 80 million people in countries far and wide. The reason it had such cut-through is because the tower, at this scale, is a genuine global first, and represents a step change in airport operations, particularly for an airport of London City’s scale in terms of movements and passengers.

In case you missed it, we are building a 50m digital tower at the airport, at the top of which will be 14 HD cameras and two pan-tilt-zoom cameras – the very latest in camera technology – which will provide a 360-degree view of the airfield and immediate surroundings. The airport’s air traffic controllers will be based at an off-site control room at the NATS Control Centre in Swanwick, using streamed footage of the airfield to manage movements on the ground, as they do today. This data will be sent via several independent high-speed secure fibre networks. Quite simply, instead of looking out of windows, the airport’s air traffic controllers will be looking at screens.

The greatest benefits are really in the additional technology designed to support the controller, which a traditional ‘bricks and mortar’ tower simply cannot offer. For a start, the 360-degree view from the cameras will be streamed into the control room and presented in a seamless 220-degree format – so controllers can literally see what’s behind them. Then there are an incredible set of tools at their disposal and sophisticated options to augment the live view of the airfield with additional data that enhances the safety of our operation. For example, they can overlay aircraft call signs, tag and track moving objects – from helicopters to drones – and add on-screen labels to mark out taxiways.

Taken in the round, all these tools enhance the safety and efficiency of operations as controllers have more information at their fingertips, helping their decision making which, in turn, increases the efficiency of movements.

Digital air traffic control is also very important in the context of London City Airport’s transformation, complementing the direction we are going with the £480 million development to create a truly 21st century airport for London. London needs more aviation capacity and we are going to contribute to that, long before any other airport can, and right in the heart of the city. The scope of the programme includes a new parallel taxiway to maximise runway efficiency, eight new aircraft stands, and a world-class passenger terminal extension and increasing the floor space from 18,000m² to approximately 40,000m². Once completed in early 2022, the airport will be a substantially different gateway for London, but it will still retain its relatively modest size and speedy passenger throughput. With expansion we will be able to meet increasing demand and accommodate a further two million passengers per year, as well as 30,000 more permitted annual flights. As we increase the scale of our operations and hourly movements at peak times – movements will increase from around 39 to 45 per hour – the digital air traffic control will prove to be a real asset.

NATS and Saab have been integral to taking this project forward. From inception, board and regulatory interaction, to our current build process, their passion for this project and their individual expertise, have provided the airport with constant reassurance and confidence.

For example, at most other UK airports, it would be a simple case of finding the appropriate, airside, mid-runway point to place a new tower. Unfortunately, it’s not so easy at London City. We are surrounded by water – sitting between King George V Dock and Royal Albert Dock – and residents live metres away from our operation. So the options other airports enjoy are not afforded to us. Instead we must be creative and innovative, because building a like-for-like replacement presented significant difficulties and would not provide the same level of capability as the digital option.

Construction works began earlier this year and we expect that the steel tower sections will be erected from October 2018. The distinctive tower, by architect Pascall + Watson, is sympathetically designed to fi t in with the local surroundings and is in-keeping with the modern design of the development. We’re confident that by the end of this year the tower will be complete, ahead of rigorous testing in the New Year, comprising six months of camera installation and configuration, followed by six months of operational testing.

In the period between now and the tower going live independently in 2020, by which point we expect over 85,000 movements and five million passengers annually, we’ll continue to tell our passengers, airlines and local community about the digital tower, so they can understand the technology and how it makes flying from London City Airport more resilient and even safer. Like any new technology, it will take a bit of time for perceptions to adjust, but in the same way that a passenger flies today at 35,000 feet with little thought for the radar controllers below, following in the path and using secure data, and instructing pilots, there will be a time in the not-too-distant future when digital towers become the norm.

The air traffic control staff responsible for London City will remain the same, as will the size of the team, although it will entail relocating to NATS’ control centre at Swanwick. Here, they will be in the same building as London radar controllers, enabling closer working between these teams at the beating heart of UK air traffic control.

With the digital solution, air traffic control at London City will be supplemented with vastly more information, intuitively detected by HD cameras that can identify aircraft, drones and even the inappropriate use of laser pens. The technology future-proofs air traffic control at the airport, meeting new challenges for an urban aerodrome.

The UK has long been at the forefront of the technological revolution and I believe that this is another demonstration of how we are leading, changing and improving the aviation industry.

This technology is backed by years of R&D, stress testing and operation in smaller airports in Scandinavia. It is now ready for London City and use in Europe’s biggest origin and destination market. In my view, the age of the traditional tower is gone, and the next decade will see more digital towers delivered around the world. We look forward to further proving the technology and our doors are always open to partners in the industry who, like us, see this as the future. Indeed, in 2018 alone we have seen the Highlands and Islands Airports in Scotland, to Invercargill Airport in New Zealand, and even Singapore’s Changi Airport – which welcomes 62 million passengers a year – look to digital.

I jeszcze taka fotka, patrzac na wschod:
https://twitter.com/jasonhawkesphot


I jeszcze harmonogram prac:

Below is an indicative timeline of key development programme milestones:

Enabling works (25/10/17 - 17/3/18)

Digital Air Traffic Control Tower works (12/17 - 12/18)

Forecourt reconfiguration (4/18 - 8/18)

Piling and decking (6/18 - 2/20)

West Terminal Extension (Q4 2018 - Q2 2020)

8 new stands (Q1 2019 - Q4 2020)

East Pier Phase 1 (Q3 2019 - Q3 2020)

East Pier Phase 2 (Q4 2019 - Q4 2020)

East Terminal Extension Phase 1 (Q2 2019 - Q3 2022)

[geogregor]

Z 10 najbardziej dochodowych tras lotniczych na swiecie 5 jest na LHR:

https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominic.../#25271b36963a

(1) London Heathrow – New York JFK
(2) Melbourne – Sydney
(3) Dubai – London Heathrow
(4) Singapore – London Heathrow
(5) San Francisco-Newark
(6) LAX – New York JFK
(7) Doha – London Heathrow
(8) Hong Kong – London Heathrow
(9) Singapore – Sydney
(10) Vancouver – Toronto

Profits may be pressured across the aviation industry this year, but some routes are always reliable money spinners that can bring in hundreds of millions of dollars a year in ticket sales and, in one case, more than $1 billion.

“For every airline there are a small selection of lucrative routes where either competitive advantage, market circumstances or limited competition make for very attractive revenues," says John Grant of industry analysts OAG, which has compiled a list of the 10 highest-grossing services around the world.

Between them the 10 routes brought in revenues of more than $6 billion in the 12 months from April 2018 to March 2019. That is an average of $608 million each, ranging from the $541m pocketed by Air Canada on its Vancouver to Toronto service, to the $1.16bn in ticket sales by British Airways on its trans-Atlantic service between London and New York.

Strong revenues don’t always translate directly into profits, though, and operating costs on some of these routes will also be high. Nonetheless, Grant says, “It is equally likely that, for each of these airlines, operating profits are amongst the highest on their respective networks.”

There are a number of common features among the 10 highest-grossing routes.

Five of them operate from London's main airport, Heathrow, serving New York, Dubai, Singapore, Doha and Hong Kong. That is in part due to the limited availability of slots at Heathrow, which means airlines flying in and out of the airport need to make the most of the opportunity.

1. London Heathrow – New York JFK

The most lucrative route of all is the London Heathrow to New York JFK service operated by British Airways, which brings in annual revenues of $1.16bn for the UK carrier. More than 30% of seats on the trans-Atlantic route are in the First or Business Class cabins, helping to take the revenue figure per hour of flight on the service to $27,159.

3. Dubai – London Heathrow

The most important route for Dubai-based Emirates Airline, which relies entirely on international services due to the small size of its home country. With a modern fleet of aircraft and high levels of service, particularly on its fleet of Airbus A380 jets, the airline has built a strong reputation. Last year, this route brought in revenues of $796m.

4. Singapore – London Heathrow

Singapore Airlines – often seen as one of the best airlines in the world – sold $736m worth of tickets to passengers flying from its hub to Heathrow, or an average of $18,771 for every one of the 39,189 hours of flying time between the cities.

7. Doha – London Heathrow

Another London-Gulf service comes in at seventh place. Qatar Airways, recently voted the world’s best airline, has been struggling to deal with a boycott by neighbouring countries since June 2017, which has blocked it from the airspace of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Egypt. That has not presented too many problems for the airline’s key service to London though, which last year earned it $639m in ticket sales.

8. Hong Kong – London Heathrow

At the time of writing, Cathay Pacific was being forced to suspend services from its hub due to political protests which had overwhelmed the airport. In more normal circumstances last year, the airline’s route to London earned $605m. However, that was down substantially from the year before, when it brought in revenues of $782m on the route.

[HS]

Originally Posted by geogregor

A teraz ciekawostka na zupelnie innym koncu skali "wyspiarskich" lotnisk.

[...]

Z tego co mi mowi moja druga polowka to byl powszechny temat dowcipow w tamtych latach w Irlandii. Ale ten sie smieje kto sie smieje ostatni. O ile pozamykano lotniska w Waterford, Galway czy Sligo to Ireland West Airport funkcjonuje. W zeszlym roku skorzystalo z niego 750 tys. pasazerow, glownie na lotach do UK.

Żeby było śmieszniej, z tego lotniska były kiedyś regularne loty do Nowego Jorku i Bostonu

[geogregor]

Nowy pas w Dublinie coraz lepiej widoczny, fotki sprzed kilku tygodni:

https://flyinginireland.com/2019/09/...runway-update/

[geogregor]

W zwiazku z budowa nowego rownoleglego pasa startowego w Dublinie trwaja symulacje nowej organizacji przestrzeni powietrznej:




Jeszcze taki timelapse z budowy nowej wiezy ktora obecnie jest na etapie wyposazania i testow. Bedzie pomiedzy dwoma rownoleglymi pasami:



Jak juz jestesmy w Irlandii, to tego lata wymieniono nawierzchnie pasa w Knock - West of Ireland Airport:

[geogregor]

Gatwick testuje nowe metody "boardingu"

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-50214631

The frustration of waiting for someone to put their bag in an overhead locker may soon be over if a trial to get people on planes quicker is successful.

Gatwick says it is working with EasyJet to try out new ways to board passengers at the London airport.

They include boarding people in window seats first, starting at the back, followed by middle then aisle seats.

Gatwick said different boarding methods could reduce the journey from airport gate to seat by about 10%.

The airport operator says that the window-to-aisle seat pattern of boarding is best suited for individuals and business passengers.

Groups of people who want to sit together such as families will be seated by row, again starting at the back of the plane.

Gatwick said it was experimenting with flexible boarding patterns, "depending on the passenger make up on any individual flight - number of families, individual travellers etc".

The two-month trial has already begun and Gatwick said an airline managed to board 158 passengers on one plane in 14 minutes. "This is typically 2-3 minutes better than the usual time," said a spokesman.

Other companies are experimenting with plane seating - most notably Japan Airlines which has introduced a new booking system which helps passengers avoid sitting next to young children, thereby potentially avoiding a noisy flight.

'Bingo boarding'

Gatwick is also experimenting with better ways of telling passengers when they need to queue up at the boarding gate.

Instead of the often inaudible tannoy announcement informing which rows of passengers to line up, flyers will now learn which seat numbers are ready to board via a digital screen.



A spokesman for Gatwick said: "One challenge in any controlled boarding process is our ability to communicate the pattern to passengers and the willingness of passengers to comply. It is almost impossible to do that effectively through audio announcements."

He said that so far passengers "get it intuitively and comply with it".

"Passengers can be seated until their seat number comes up on the large screen and then board the aircraft without queuing.

"Some even appear to enjoy it and are calling it 'bingo boarding'."

The company said the trial was being run with EasyJet from just one gate at present, but other airlines are expected to become involved.

It said: "This is about improving the experience for passengers - not just in terms of making the boarding process more relaxing - but also helping to reduce delays."

Passengers who have booked priority boarding, or those who require special assistance or are travelling with young families, will still board first during the trial.

[truhl]

Do tego trzeba by ogromnej dyscypliny pasażerów.

[geogregor]

Originally Posted by truhl

Do tego trzeba by ogromnej dyscypliny pasażerów.

Wiem, sam jestem sceptyczny. Ale niech testuja, moze cos ciekawego z tego wyjdzie.

Juz ladnych pare lat temu pamietam jak wsiadalem w Atlancie na lot Delty do Londynu. I boarding byl wg numeru "strefy" dodanego na bilecie. Bylo tych stref chyba 8-9 i to byly wlasnie albo siedzenia przy oknach z tylu, albo srodkowe bardziej z przodu itp.

Nigdy wczesniej ani potem nie widzialem zeby tak szybko udalo sie gdzies zaladowac szeroki kadlub. Czytajac o tych testach na Gatwick to wyglada to podobie tylko bardziej zaawansowanie technicznie, z ekranami itp.

Swoja droga, jutro mam wylot Easyjetem z Gatwick, moze sie zalapie na testy

[geogregor]

To jeszcze jedna rzecz z Gatwick.

Na jednym z gate'ow testuja automatyczny boarding:

DSC06132 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Nie mialem okazji przetestowac, lecialem z sasiedniej.

To jeszcze przy okazji ujecia na moj ulubiony element Gatwick, most lacaczy terminale z niektorymi gate'ami:

DSC06130 by Geogregor*, on Flickr


DSC06121 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Widoczki z gory zawsze fajne:

DSC06117 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Chociaz ta kolejka do pasa spowodowala nam dobre 20 minut opoznienia przy starcie:

DSC06124 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

[mateusz.el]

Originally Posted by geogregor

Chociaz ta kolejka do pasa spowodowala nam dobre 20 minut opoznienia przy starcie:

DSC06124 by Geogregor*, on Flickr

Gatwick i tak zawsze jako przykład wielkiego lotniska które może funkcjonować mając tylko jeden pas

[mateusz.el]

To ode mnie trochę prasówki z Krajów Bałtyckich. W obliczu wielkiej (prze)budowy linii kolejowej RailBaltica powstaną nowoczesne węzły i połączenie kolejowe lotnisk w Rydze i Tallinnie. Rozstrzygane są konkursy i wygląda to na prawdę obiecująco

Tallinn

Rozstrzygnięto międzynarodowy konkurs na projekt węzła przesiadkowego Ülemiste, zlokalizowanego nieopodal lotniska w Tallinie. To stacja początkowa Rail Baltiki, czyli normalnotorowej linii kolejowej, która ma połączyć Estonię, Łotwę i Litwę z Polską.

Konkurs obejmował obszar ok. 10 hektarów. Węzeł będzie integrować kolej, tramwaj i autobusy. W odległości ok. 600 m od linii kolejowej jest zlokalizowane lotnisko. W zwycięskiej pracy widać obłe kształty i linie, charakterystyczne dla zmarłej architektki Zahy Hadid. Zespół architektów, odpowiedzialny za koncepcję, chciał stworzyć nowy symbol Tallina, który zarazem w funkcjonalny sposób łączyłby różne środki transportu. Dużo uwagi poświęcono antresoli, zawieszonej nad stacją i prowadzącej do wyjść po północnej i południowej stronie. Negocjacje ws. podpisania umowy na dokumentację projektową miałyby zakończyć się w grudniu.

– W porównaniu do innych stolic, Tallin znajduje się w wyjątkowej sytuacji. Niebawem lotnisko i główna stacja Rail Baltiki będą znajdować się obok siebie. Już drugi rok z rzędu lotnisko w Tallinie obsłużyło ponad 3 mln pasażerów. To ma niebagatelny wpływ na gospodarkę i przekłada się na prawie 2,6% PKB. Wraz z Rail Balitką będziemy mogli pobudzać naszą gospodarkę w jeszcze większym stopniu – mówi Riivo Tuvik, szef lotniska w Tallinie.

Dworzec w Ulemiste to punkt początkowy Rail Baltiki. 870-kilometrowa normalnotorowa linia kolejowa ma połączyć Estonię, Łotwę i Litwę z Polską i Europą Zachodnią. Na terenie Estonii powstać ma ok. 213 km linii.

https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadom...0oRqJYm9SkDy88


Ryga

Ogłoszono przetarg na budowę stacji kolejowej i infrastruktury towarzyszącej przy międzynarodowym lotnisku w Rydze. To element projektu Rail Baltica, czyli normalnotorowej linii kolejowej, która ma połączyć Estonię, Łotwę i Litwę z Polską.

W pierwszym etapie robót założono wzniesienie budynku stacyjnego. To trzypoziomowy obiekt, w którym dominującym elementem elewacji będzie drewno, co ma stanowić nawiązanie do tradycyjnej drewnianej zabudowy Łotwy. Stacja powstanie na wiadukcie i będzie połączona bezpośrednio z terminalem pasażerskim. Jednocześnie powstaną drogi dojazdowe. Następnie realizowany będzie wiadukt łączący Rygę i Jaunmārupe. Powstanie nasyp oraz 113-metrowy wiadukt nad ulicą K. Ulamna. W ostatnim etapie założono budowę dwutorowej linii kolejowej.

W czasie prac musi być zapewniona ciągłość pracy lotniska. Równolegle do projektu kolejowego ma być realizowana rozbudowa lotniska: przedłużenie terminala pasażerskiego oraz budowa nowej wieży kontroli ruchu.

Stacja przy lotnisku będzie leżała na odnodze od głównej trasy Rail Baltiki. Po wybudowaniu tej linii możliwe będzie uruchomienie pociągów lotniskowych jeżdżących co pół godziny i zapewniających przejazd z centrum Rygi do lotniska w 8 minut. Do tego założono dojazd czterech pociągów ekspresowych w dobie. Powstać ma też bocznica, prowadząca na teren lotniska, dla obsługi ruchu towarowego.

https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadom...ydze-7171.html