8 Jul 05
The stadium as growth catalyst
The world's leading sports architects and consultants to London's winning 2012 bid suggest Singapore's success with hosting the IOC has put it on the sports map. PARVATHI NAYAR talks to them about the importance of stadium design and new roles of stadia in energising cities
SPORTS as a legacy that revitalises a city and gives hope to a new generation - this was the imagination-capturing clincher of London's winning bid for the 2012 Olympics, and one that resonates with architect Rod Sheard's vision of the stadium as a tool of urban regeneration.
Mr Sheard, senior principal and worldwide board member of HOK Sport+Venue+Event, is a renowned expert on stadium design, and involved in such prestigious projects as the redevelopment of Wimbledon and Wembley Stadium. HOK Sport is one of the largest global sports architecture practices. In Singapore this week with Paul Henry, senior principal in the same firm, London-based Mr Sheard talks of the various roles that stadia might play, as in an Olympic bid. His team had worked as consultants in London's proposal. The technical appraisal of stadia is one aspect. However, 'a stadium more than any other building shows the level of commitment a city has, a microcosm of what the whole bid is about, what's going to happen after the Olympics. With London 2012, it's a little unusual.
'We've got great stadia in London, what we really want is the best athletics stadium. Athletics, at the Olympics, can sell 80,000 seats; at other times, even a city like London can't justify an athletics stadium with more than 25,000 seats. But rather than create a stadium that can take different sports, the idea is for a dedicated athletics stadium whose size can be adjusted. Flexibility in the London bid is about size rather than usage.'
Sports, in Singapore right now, is a top-of-mind topic with the nail-biting IOC decision. Time and resources are being directed towards the Singapore Sports School, the sports hub and new national stadium. Even a dedicated sports and active lifestyle shopping mall is in the offing, when the Novena Square makeover is completed next year to become VELOCITY @ Novena Square.
The HOK Sport team have been in informal talks for a few years now, on the proposed $650 million sports hub complex in Kallang. They are definitely interested in putting in a bid for what could well become their first major project in the region. A stadium must embody the location, and Mr Sheard says that 'for Singapore, what is done will be a unique solution'. Singapore's climate, for example, would suggest a stadium with a retractable roof that makes it weather-proof, and also converts it into a 'TV studio-like' multi-purpose facility.
'As a 'national' stadium, it has to represent Singapore,' Mr Henry elaborates. 'The decision to keep it in Kallang is totally the right one. It is in a position to act as a link between Singapore's urban centre and heartlands. The challenges will be keeping the hub active seven days a week as a vibrant part of the community, making it cost-effective; integrating the separate components like circuit, pool, stadium; including 'entertainment' components like restaurants and - key to its success - getting the retail mix right.'
As for the proposed new size of 55,000 seats, Mr Henry says it's a good one 'that offers a great range and good balance: large enough for atmospheric big events, and small enough to be personal. It's a unique branding opportunity for Singapore.'
Reports suggest that while the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports will distribute pre-qualification documents by the end of this month, the bidding process is not expected to start till next year. The 60,000-seat National Stadium at Kallang is scheduled to be demolished by 2007, with an eventual completion date of the hub set at 2010.
Making money
The building of a sports complex is a huge financial undertaking, and Mr Sheard is keenly aware of the need for a business model. 'The most important thing is that we know how to make money out of stadia; 20 years ago they were just paid for by the state as public facilities. The business model is fine-tuned now. Wembley is a good example, a 750 million project of which only 100 million is government money. The rest is private sector money, which is going into it for a return. It's all about having the best venue for sports and entertainment, and packing in as many opportunities around it that will support it.'
Such as ...? Well, 'every stadium has a different business model defined to some extent by their event schedule. At Wembley, with the FA Cup final, there are people who will pay any price to attend it. The objective is to allow as many people as possible to buy the package they want, capitalising that over a 10- to 15-year period produces revenue upfront.'
It's a neat plan: sell stadium seats long term, and if you sell enough, you raise quite a lot of money. The model was applied successfully to Stadium Australia for the Sydney Olympics, for which the HOK Sport team were part of a consortium.
There's more. Says Mr Sheard: 'More facilities are being packed around the stadium to make it a destination site. Arsenal is a good example, with a huge residential-commercial-retail complex coming up all round its new stadium. In fact when they recently put up the first 250 residential units - it sold in two hours. You get a season ticket to Arsenal free as part of the package; this might have encouraged the sales.'
In Singapore, UK property developer Galliard Homes are offering 225 apartments opposite Arsenal's new stadium. Citing examples of property prices around Villa Park and Old Trafford rising by 86 per cent and 51 per cent since the redevelopment of those stadia, the developers point out that buyers will get a guaranteed rental income for two years as well as the option to buy season tickets for the club's matches, bypassing long waiting lists.
So, stadia have evolved from simple concrete bowls to complex animals. But what, really, constitutes good stadium design today? 'Someone once told me the best stadium design was one in which his team never lost,' laughs Mr Sheard. All the behind-the-scenes support functions must run smoothly, but, importantly, a stadium must have a certain 'aura' that enhances the event experience.
This intangible aura is stadium-specific. Mr Sheard offers examples, also from his ongoing projects: 'At Wimbledon they have a very clear idea of the image of tennis they want to project; they want you to feel the weight of tradition, while bringing it up-to-date. In Arsenal they are about the future; they say, we want people to perceive us as being part of the 21st century.'
Creating aura
For a tangible example of how aura can be created, look to Wembley Stadium (scheduled for completion in 2006) and its new arch. Large enough to fit the London Eye within, the arch supports the roof, eliminates the need for pillars, and offers unobstructed views around the 90,000 seat stadium. At the end of the day it was cost-effective technology - but the Wow Factor is huge.
Talking technology, what's technically possible does influence design to an extent. Take retractable roof designs. That could well be a part of Singapore's new stadium. Mr Sheard gives the example of the hydraulically operated, folding fabric concertina roof, scheduled for completion next year over the centre court at Wimbledon. 'Work on this started five years ago, but 10 years ago, the folding fabric technology solution would not have been possible.'
The hosting of the IOC in Singapore shows what's possible with the scale and efficiency of event management, says Mr Henry. 'The sports hub is an opportunity to build on that. You say there isn't that much sports here now? That's not the point. The real issue is that there will be in the future, and the sports hub will be ready to meet the new demand. There's no reason why Singapore couldn't even host, say, the Commonwealth Games one day. Asia is on the cusp of big sports changes, and Singapore can lead the way.'
If sports has the power to capture hearts and minds, Singapore's proposed sports hub represents a real chance to do something visionary.