no where near finished, need to go do stuff though, might pick a different color scheme cause the chiffon is hard to read
Relations Between African States Chart
Rivalry: Countries is healthy competitive rivalries against each other.
Tension: Uneasy relations usually cause by a few disagreements with no visible sight of armed conflict
Hostility: Uneasy relations usually marked by a constant or increasing threat of armed conflict or war.
Combatants: Countries that have engaged in armed conflict in the past with unhealed wounds and the threat of reentering conflict.
Vendetta: Countries pitting against each other in either armed conflict, or purposeful exploitation or sabetoge. Countries with a 0 sum relationship.
Algeria
Morocco: Western sahara has been a hot button between these nations since independence. Algeria is the world's strongest advocate for an independent Western Sahara. Algeria has funded armed conflict with Morocco in the region, gives asylum to militants fighting against morocco and has engaged in full on war with morocco leading the the building of the Moroccan Wall soon after independence.
Mauritania: Conflict over Western Saharan, though Mauritania's claims are less threatening then Morocco's
Angola
Rwanda + Uganda: Angola has entered armed conflict with Rwanda and Uganda in the Congo War when it with Zimbabwe and Namibia successfully pushed invading congolese militant, ugandan, and rwandan forces east ending their westward advancement towards Kinshasa.
DRC:Border conflicts, mutual expulsion and intimidation of each others citizens on the boarder
Benin
Nigeria: Boarder disagreements, disputes over illegal immigration and use as a hub by Nigerian criminals because of lax port security in Porto-Novo
Botswana
none
Burkina Faso
Ivory Coast: Violent nationalistic uprisings in Ivory Coast against illegal burkinabe workers have soured relations between the two nations.
Burundi
none, history of trans-national ethnic conflict between Hutu and Tutsi.
Cameroon
Nigeria:Arguments over the Bakassi region have been resolved in international court with the region being ceded over the Cameroon. The two nations enjoy a long rivalry in soccer
Gabon: Personal rivalries between the two countries leaders.
Cape Verde
None
Central African Republic
None, trans national ethnic violence from Chad
Chad
Libya: Libya's failed attempt to fill the power vaccum by means of military deployment in Chad when France left the country due to political disintegration in the 1980's led to an uprising of french support Chadian forces that repelled Libya from Chad in 1987. Seeing the Libyan action as an attempt to expand influence in central Africa by creating a client state, Zaire joined in the fight against Libya. Nigeria and France brokered peace in Kano by pressuring peace between rival fractions in Chad that caused the disintegration in the first place and both powers pressured Libya out of Chad by deploying peace keepers.
Comoros
None.
Cote D'Ivoire
Nigeria: Support for Biafran forces in the Nigerian Civil War as well as a pattern of constant opposition to Nigerian led initiatives in ECOWAS has led many to believe that the Ivory Coast is a member of a group of francophone states working to limit Nigeria's regional hegemony by demand of France and French interests in the region. Recent splitting of ties with France may change this.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rwanda: Congo War (African World War)
Uganda:Congo War (African World War)
Congo Brazzaville
trans national ethnic conflict
constant state of armed internal conflict since independence with momentary peace
Djibouti
Eritrea: Tension over Djibouti alliance with Ethiopia, armed conflict in 2008
Somalia: Somali claims that part of Djibouti belong to 'Greater Somalia' in the past
Egypt
Iran: Collapsed relations and hostility over 2008 Israel Gaza crisis. Iran shows displeasure with Egypt's role as a model for making peace with Israel.
Iraq: tension over Egypt's membership in the UN coalition during the Kuwaiti crisis.
Israel: Tense peace over Palestine. History of repeated armed conflict including full on war.
Ethiopia: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Uganda: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Burundi: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Equatorial Guinea
none
Eritrea
Ethiopia: War of independence between Eritrea and Ethiopia. Boarder issues since independence, sporadic outbursts of conflict. Constant threat of renewed violence.
United States: Tension over Eritrea support of armed groups deemed 'Terrorist' by US officials.
Sudan: Severed ties with Sudan after accusing sudan of funding islamist rebels in Eritrea. Eritrea retaliated by hosting a conference of Sudanese opposition leaders.
Chad: Eritrea has accused Chad of sponsoring rebels in Eritrea
Yemen: Tension over boarder disputes for claim to the Hanish Islands resulting in war between the two countries. Conflict is still unresolved
African Union: AU accused Eritrea of sponsoring Somali insurgents and has called for sanctions as well as diplomatic isolation.
Ethiopia
Eritrea: war, continued tension
Somalia: Historic rivalry. repeated war and military intervention of Ethiopian forces in Somalia. Somali claims to ethiopian land. Ethiopian use of somali seperatists for Port access.
Sudan: tension over sudanese sponsored violence in the Gambela region
Gabon:
none
Gambia
none
Ghana
Nigeria: Friendly cultural rivalry, sporadic tension based on often tit for tat actions taken by both countries to undermine the other's immigrant population (Ghana-must-go situation, Ghanaian fee on Nigeria businesses/movies in Ghana)
Guinea
none
Guinea-Bissau
none
Kenya
none
Lesotho
none
Liberia
none
Libya
Nigeria: Tension over Libyan intervention on Chad and armed invasion which was repelled by a coalition of Chadian forces, France, Zaire, and Nigeria. Recent tension and reassessment of diplomatic relations when Khaddafi called for Nigeria to be seperated in two between muslims and christians in the country.
Israel: Support of insurgents
The United States: Support of insurgents
The EU: Support of insurgents
Sudan: Support of insurgents
Ethiopia: Support of insurgents
Somalia: Support of insurgents
Central African Republic: Support of insurgents
Eritrea: Support of insurgents
Madagascar
none
Malawi
none
Mali
none
Mauritania
Morocco: Armed conflict over claims to Western Sahara
Algeria: Armed conflict over claims to Western Sahara
Mauritius
none
Morocco
AU: Withdrawal and tension of AU's refusal to recognize Western Sahara as a part of Morocco.
Algeria: Armed conflict over western sahara
Mauritania: Armed conflict over western sahara
Iran: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Pakistan: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Syria: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
South Africa: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Nigeria: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
All of Southern Africa: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Mali: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Mexico: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Venezuela: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
North Korea: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Vietnam: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foreign_relations_of_the_SADR_new.PNG
Mozambique
None
Namibia
none
Niger
none
Nigeria
Libya: Tension over intervention in other african states, recent statement calling for the split of Nigeria
Cameroon: cultural rivalry, soccer
Ghana: Cultural rivalry, moments of tension
Chad: Disputes over Lake Chad
France: Slight tension over west african hegemony, french intervention in west african states, and french support for Biafra during civil war.
more to come.
1 - 4 of 7 Posts
^ I agree. if im not too lazy to fix it then i will
Naijaborn, Egypt is a hard one to talk about because it's relations with most countries are as bad as they are good. Sudan and Egypt's relationship isn't defined by the boarder conflict, but instead on cooperation to ensure a 'united' sudan, so for that reason i can't say they have tension when Egpyt is Sudan's closest ally.
Naijaborn, Egypt is a hard one to talk about because it's relations with most countries are as bad as they are good. Sudan and Egypt's relationship isn't defined by the boarder conflict, but instead on cooperation to ensure a 'united' sudan, so for that reason i can't say they have tension when Egpyt is Sudan's closest ally.
Is not letting me edit the original post.
Rivalry: Countries is healthy competitive rivalries against each other.
Tension: Uneasy relations usually cause by a few disagreements with no visible sight of armed conflict
Hostility: Uneasy relations usually marked by a constant or increasing threat of armed conflict or war.
Combatants: Countries that have engaged in armed conflict in the past with unhealed wounds and the threat of reentering conflict.
Vendetta: Countries pitting against each other in either armed conflict, or purposeful exploitation or sabetoge. Countries with a 0 sum relationship.
[/B]
Algeria
Morocco: Western sahara has been a hot button between these nations since independence. Algeria is the world's strongest advocate for an independent Western Sahara. Algeria has funded armed conflict with Morocco in the region, gives asylum to militants fighting against morocco and has engaged in full on war with morocco leading the the building of the Moroccan Wall soon after independence.
Mauritania: Conflict over Western Saharan, though Mauritania's claims are less threatening then Morocco's
Angola
Rwanda + Uganda: Angola has entered armed conflict with Rwanda and Uganda in the Congo War when it with Zimbabwe and Namibia successfully pushed invading congolese militant, ugandan, and rwandan forces east ending their westward advancement towards Kinshasa.
DRC:Border conflicts, mutual expulsion and intimidation of each others citizens on the boarder
Benin
Nigeria: Boarder disagreements, disputes over illegal immigration and use as a hub by Nigerian criminals because of lax port security in Porto-Novo
Botswana
none
Burkina Faso
Ivory Coast: Violent nationalistic uprisings in Ivory Coast against illegal burkinabe workers have soured relations between the two nations.
Burundi
none, history of trans-national ethnic conflict between Hutu and Tutsi.
Cameroon
Nigeria:Arguments over the Bakassi region have been resolved in international court with the region being ceded over the Cameroon. The two nations enjoy a long rivalry in soccer
Gabon: Personal rivalries between the two countries leaders.
Cape Verde
None
Central African Republic
None, trans national ethnic violence from Chad
Chad
Libya: Libya's failed attempt to fill the power vaccum by means of military deployment in Chad when France left the country due to political disintegration in the 1980's led to an uprising of french support Chadian forces that repelled Libya from Chad in 1987. Seeing the Libyan action as an attempt to expand influence in central Africa by creating a client state, Zaire joined in the fight against Libya. Nigeria and France brokered peace in Kano by pressuring peace between rival fractions in Chad that caused the disintegration in the first place and both powers pressured Libya out of Chad by deploying peace keepers.
Comoros
None.
Cote D'Ivoire
Nigeria: Support for Biafran forces in the Nigerian Civil War as well as a pattern of constant opposition to Nigerian led initiatives in ECOWAS has led many to believe that the Ivory Coast is a member of a group of francophone states working to limit Nigeria's regional hegemony by demand of France and French interests in the region. Recent splitting of ties with France may change this.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rwanda: Congo War (African World War)
Uganda:Congo War (African World War)
Congo Brazzaville
trans national ethnic conflict
constant state of armed internal conflict since independence with momentary peace
Djibouti
Eritrea: Tension over Djibouti alliance with Ethiopia, armed conflict in 2008
Somalia: Somali claims that part of Djibouti belong to 'Greater Somalia' in the past
Egypt
Iran: Collapsed relations and hostility over 2008 Israel Gaza crisis. Iran shows displeasure with Egypt's role as a model for making peace with Israel.
Iraq: tension over Egypt's membership in the UN coalition during the Kuwaiti crisis.
Israel: Tense peace over Palestine. History of repeated armed conflict including full on war.
Ethiopia: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Uganda: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Burundi: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Equatorial Guinea
none
Eritrea
Ethiopia: War of independence between Eritrea and Ethiopia. Boarder issues since independence, sporadic outbursts of conflict. Constant threat of renewed violence.
United States: Tension over Eritrea support of armed groups deemed 'Terrorist' by US officials.
Sudan: Severed ties with Sudan after accusing sudan of funding islamist rebels in Eritrea. Eritrea retaliated by hosting a conference of Sudanese opposition leaders.
Chad: Eritrea has accused Chad of sponsoring rebels in Eritrea
Yemen: Tension over boarder disputes for claim to the Hanish Islands resulting in war between the two countries. Conflict is still unresolved
African Union: AU accused Eritrea of sponsoring Somali insurgents and has called for sanctions as well as diplomatic isolation.
Ethiopia
Eritrea: war, continued tension
Somalia: Historic rivalry. repeated war and military intervention of Ethiopian forces in Somalia. Somali claims to ethiopian land. Ethiopian use of somali seperatists for Port access.
Sudan: tension over sudanese sponsored violence in the Gambela region
Gabon:
none
Gambia
none
Ghana
Nigeria: Friendly cultural rivalry, sporadic tension based on often tit for tat actions taken by both countries to undermine the other's immigrant population (Ghana-must-go situation, Ghanaian fee on Nigeria businesses/movies in Ghana)
Guinea
none
Guinea-Bissau
none
Kenya
none
Lesotho
none
Liberia
none
Libya
Nigeria: Tension over Libyan intervention on Chad and armed invasion which was repelled by a coalition of Chadian forces, France, Zaire, and Nigeria. Recent tension and reassessment of diplomatic relations when Khaddafi called for Nigeria to be seperated in two between muslims and christians in the country.
Israel: Support of insurgents
The United States: Support of insurgents
The EU: Support of insurgents
Sudan: Support of insurgents
Ethiopia: Support of insurgents
Somalia: Support of insurgents
Central African Republic: Support of insurgents
Eritrea: Support of insurgents
Madagascar
none
Malawi
none
Mali
none
Mauritania
Morocco: Armed conflict over claims to Western Sahara
Algeria: Armed conflict over claims to Western Sahara
Mauritius
none
Morocco
AU: Withdrawal and tension of AU's refusal to recognize Western Sahara as a part of Morocco.
Algeria: Armed conflict over western sahara
Mauritania: Armed conflict over western sahara
Iran: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Pakistan: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Syria: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
South Africa: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Nigeria: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
All of Southern Africa: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Mali: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Mexico: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Venezuela: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
North Korea: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Vietnam: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foreign_relations_of_the_SADR_new.PNG
Mozambique
None
Namibia
none
Niger
none
Nigeria
Libya: Tension over intervention in other african states, recent statement calling for the split of Nigeria
Cameroon: cultural rivalry, soccer
Ghana: Cultural rivalry, moments of tension
Chad: Disputes over Lake Chad
France: Slight tension over west african hegemony, french intervention in west african states, and french support for Biafra during civil war.
Republic of the Congo
DRC: Rivalry and boarder disputes.
Rwanda
DRC: Rwanda and Uganda have an extensive history of military invasion and activity in the DRC including both Congo Wars (African World Wars)
Burundi: Boarder disputes, trans national ethnic conflict between Hutu and Tutsi forces that pit the nations against each other based on which tribe is in control of which nation.
France: Ties cut after french complicity with the 2004 genocide was confirmed. Ties resumed in 2010
Zimbabwe: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
Namibia: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
Angola: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
Chad: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
São Tomé and Príncipe:
none
Senegal
Mauritania:Senegal is the primary advocate for Mauritania's repressed black minority and speaks out against the Mauritanian government.
Somalia
Failed state, No set unified national foreign policy.
Republic of South Africa
Zimbabwe: Regime change conflict with Zimbabwe has put the two southern african nations at odds.
Sudan
Eritrea: mutual support for militant insurrections on against each other's governments
Chad: tension over Sudan backed militias crossing the boarder to conduct raids on Chadian citizens.
UN: President wanted for war crimes
US: US declared Sudan has committed genocide. Sudan has also supported and harbored 'terrorist' organizations. US has conducted bombings of Sudan
Uganda: conflict over on going fighting against ethnic 'blacks' in the south and Uganda's funding of the ethnic black militias.
EU: Conflict over accusations of genocide
Ethiopia: Boarder disputes
Swaziland
None
Tanzania
Togo
None
Rivalry: Countries is healthy competitive rivalries against each other.
Tension: Uneasy relations usually cause by a few disagreements with no visible sight of armed conflict
Hostility: Uneasy relations usually marked by a constant or increasing threat of armed conflict or war.
Combatants: Countries that have engaged in armed conflict in the past with unhealed wounds and the threat of reentering conflict.
Vendetta: Countries pitting against each other in either armed conflict, or purposeful exploitation or sabetoge. Countries with a 0 sum relationship.
[/B]
Algeria
Morocco: Western sahara has been a hot button between these nations since independence. Algeria is the world's strongest advocate for an independent Western Sahara. Algeria has funded armed conflict with Morocco in the region, gives asylum to militants fighting against morocco and has engaged in full on war with morocco leading the the building of the Moroccan Wall soon after independence.
Mauritania: Conflict over Western Saharan, though Mauritania's claims are less threatening then Morocco's
Angola
Rwanda + Uganda: Angola has entered armed conflict with Rwanda and Uganda in the Congo War when it with Zimbabwe and Namibia successfully pushed invading congolese militant, ugandan, and rwandan forces east ending their westward advancement towards Kinshasa.
DRC:Border conflicts, mutual expulsion and intimidation of each others citizens on the boarder
Benin
Nigeria: Boarder disagreements, disputes over illegal immigration and use as a hub by Nigerian criminals because of lax port security in Porto-Novo
Botswana
none
Burkina Faso
Ivory Coast: Violent nationalistic uprisings in Ivory Coast against illegal burkinabe workers have soured relations between the two nations.
Burundi
none, history of trans-national ethnic conflict between Hutu and Tutsi.
Cameroon
Nigeria:Arguments over the Bakassi region have been resolved in international court with the region being ceded over the Cameroon. The two nations enjoy a long rivalry in soccer
Gabon: Personal rivalries between the two countries leaders.
Cape Verde
None
Central African Republic
None, trans national ethnic violence from Chad
Chad
Libya: Libya's failed attempt to fill the power vaccum by means of military deployment in Chad when France left the country due to political disintegration in the 1980's led to an uprising of french support Chadian forces that repelled Libya from Chad in 1987. Seeing the Libyan action as an attempt to expand influence in central Africa by creating a client state, Zaire joined in the fight against Libya. Nigeria and France brokered peace in Kano by pressuring peace between rival fractions in Chad that caused the disintegration in the first place and both powers pressured Libya out of Chad by deploying peace keepers.
Comoros
None.
Cote D'Ivoire
Nigeria: Support for Biafran forces in the Nigerian Civil War as well as a pattern of constant opposition to Nigerian led initiatives in ECOWAS has led many to believe that the Ivory Coast is a member of a group of francophone states working to limit Nigeria's regional hegemony by demand of France and French interests in the region. Recent splitting of ties with France may change this.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rwanda: Congo War (African World War)
Uganda:Congo War (African World War)
Congo Brazzaville
trans national ethnic conflict
constant state of armed internal conflict since independence with momentary peace
Djibouti
Eritrea: Tension over Djibouti alliance with Ethiopia, armed conflict in 2008
Somalia: Somali claims that part of Djibouti belong to 'Greater Somalia' in the past
Egypt
Iran: Collapsed relations and hostility over 2008 Israel Gaza crisis. Iran shows displeasure with Egypt's role as a model for making peace with Israel.
Iraq: tension over Egypt's membership in the UN coalition during the Kuwaiti crisis.
Israel: Tense peace over Palestine. History of repeated armed conflict including full on war.
Ethiopia: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Uganda: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Burundi: Tension over Egyptian abuse of water rights to the Nile
Equatorial Guinea
none
Eritrea
Ethiopia: War of independence between Eritrea and Ethiopia. Boarder issues since independence, sporadic outbursts of conflict. Constant threat of renewed violence.
United States: Tension over Eritrea support of armed groups deemed 'Terrorist' by US officials.
Sudan: Severed ties with Sudan after accusing sudan of funding islamist rebels in Eritrea. Eritrea retaliated by hosting a conference of Sudanese opposition leaders.
Chad: Eritrea has accused Chad of sponsoring rebels in Eritrea
Yemen: Tension over boarder disputes for claim to the Hanish Islands resulting in war between the two countries. Conflict is still unresolved
African Union: AU accused Eritrea of sponsoring Somali insurgents and has called for sanctions as well as diplomatic isolation.
Ethiopia
Eritrea: war, continued tension
Somalia: Historic rivalry. repeated war and military intervention of Ethiopian forces in Somalia. Somali claims to ethiopian land. Ethiopian use of somali seperatists for Port access.
Sudan: tension over sudanese sponsored violence in the Gambela region
Gabon:
none
Gambia
none
Ghana
Nigeria: Friendly cultural rivalry, sporadic tension based on often tit for tat actions taken by both countries to undermine the other's immigrant population (Ghana-must-go situation, Ghanaian fee on Nigeria businesses/movies in Ghana)
Guinea
none
Guinea-Bissau
none
Kenya
none
Lesotho
none
Liberia
none
Libya
Nigeria: Tension over Libyan intervention on Chad and armed invasion which was repelled by a coalition of Chadian forces, France, Zaire, and Nigeria. Recent tension and reassessment of diplomatic relations when Khaddafi called for Nigeria to be seperated in two between muslims and christians in the country.
Israel: Support of insurgents
The United States: Support of insurgents
The EU: Support of insurgents
Sudan: Support of insurgents
Ethiopia: Support of insurgents
Somalia: Support of insurgents
Central African Republic: Support of insurgents
Eritrea: Support of insurgents
Madagascar
none
Malawi
none
Mali
none
Mauritania
Morocco: Armed conflict over claims to Western Sahara
Algeria: Armed conflict over claims to Western Sahara
Mauritius
none
Morocco
AU: Withdrawal and tension of AU's refusal to recognize Western Sahara as a part of Morocco.
Algeria: Armed conflict over western sahara
Mauritania: Armed conflict over western sahara
Iran: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Pakistan: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Syria: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
South Africa: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Nigeria: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
All of Southern Africa: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Mali: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Mexico: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Venezuela: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
North Korea: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
Vietnam: Diplomacy with Western Sahara
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foreign_relations_of_the_SADR_new.PNG
Mozambique
None
Namibia
none
Niger
none
Nigeria
Libya: Tension over intervention in other african states, recent statement calling for the split of Nigeria
Cameroon: cultural rivalry, soccer
Ghana: Cultural rivalry, moments of tension
Chad: Disputes over Lake Chad
France: Slight tension over west african hegemony, french intervention in west african states, and french support for Biafra during civil war.
Republic of the Congo
DRC: Rivalry and boarder disputes.
Rwanda
DRC: Rwanda and Uganda have an extensive history of military invasion and activity in the DRC including both Congo Wars (African World Wars)
Burundi: Boarder disputes, trans national ethnic conflict between Hutu and Tutsi forces that pit the nations against each other based on which tribe is in control of which nation.
France: Ties cut after french complicity with the 2004 genocide was confirmed. Ties resumed in 2010
Zimbabwe: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
Namibia: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
Angola: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
Chad: Fought against Rwandan and Ugandan forces in the Congo War
São Tomé and Príncipe:
none
Senegal
Mauritania:Senegal is the primary advocate for Mauritania's repressed black minority and speaks out against the Mauritanian government.
Somalia
Failed state, No set unified national foreign policy.
Republic of South Africa
Zimbabwe: Regime change conflict with Zimbabwe has put the two southern african nations at odds.
Sudan
Eritrea: mutual support for militant insurrections on against each other's governments
Chad: tension over Sudan backed militias crossing the boarder to conduct raids on Chadian citizens.
UN: President wanted for war crimes
US: US declared Sudan has committed genocide. Sudan has also supported and harbored 'terrorist' organizations. US has conducted bombings of Sudan
Uganda: conflict over on going fighting against ethnic 'blacks' in the south and Uganda's funding of the ethnic black militias.
EU: Conflict over accusations of genocide
Ethiopia: Boarder disputes
Swaziland
None
Tanzania
Togo
None
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